Which of the following is a true statement about nonhuman primates ability to learn language?

To use a map, children must be able to represent it as:

a piece of paper with lines and pictures.

a representation of real roads and buildings.

both a piece of paper and a representation of something real.

neither a piece of paper nor a representation of something real.

both a piece of paper and a representation of something real.

________ is a way in which parents play a role in their children's grammatical development.

Explicit instruction

Filling in missing parts of incomplete utterances

Correcting grammatical errors

All of the answers are correct.

Filling in missing parts of incomplete utterances

Which of the following statements is an example of an overextension?

Julia uses the word "cup" for any container that holds liquid, including vases and birdbaths.

Elizabeth substitutes easier sounds for ones that are hard to say, such as "tuck" for "stuck."

Eddie expresses his desire for his parents to read to him by using a single word, "book."

Robbie leaves out difficult parts of words, as when he uses "tend" for the word "pretend."

Julia uses the word "cup" for any container that holds liquid, including vases and birdbaths.

Morphemes refer to the:

rules for combining words of a language.

elementary units of sound.

pairs of words in a language that have the same sound but different meanings.

smallest units of meaning.

smallest units of meaning.

According to Tomasello's interactionist view of language development, language is:

a set of social conventions that enable people to communicate.

an innate part of human brains.

an example of the wide variety of cognitive functions for which human brains are specialized.

All of the answers are correct.

a set of social conventions that enable people to communicate.

According to nativist Noam Chomsky, babies are born with:

a learning module that controls language acquisition and other aspects of cognitive functioning.

knowledge of the specific sounds involved in language.

the ability to take turns in an interaction with another individual.

knowledge of the general grammatical rules of all language

knowledge of the general grammatical rules of all language

________ is an example of a symbolic activity.

Listening to music

Drawing a picture

Helping to make cookies

Going to a restaurant

Drawing a picture

Children's semantic development refers to their learning of the:

meaning system and words of their language.

cultural rules for how their language is used.

rules for combining the words in their language.

sound system of their language.

meaning system and words of their language.

The characteristic intonation patterns, tempo, rhythm, and cadence with which a language is spoken are referred to as:

harmony.

melody.

accent.

prosody.

prosody.

Which of the following statements about infants' ability to distinguish between speech sounds is true?

Newborns can discriminate only between speech sounds they have heard before.

Newborns possess an innate ability to discriminate between speech sounds they have never heard before.

Babies must learn to distinguish between speech sounds as they learn which contrasts are important for their native language.

Babies gain the ability to distinguish between speech sounds that are not used in their native language as they mature.

Newborns possess an innate ability to discriminate between speech sounds they have never heard before.

Which of the following bits of conversation is an example of a narrative?

"Grandma, please take me to the park. I want to go to the park and do the twisty slide."

Which of the following bits of conversation is an example of a narrative?

"Grandma, please take me to the park. I want to go to the park and do the twisty slide."

"Daddy and I went to the park today. I went on the big twisty slide."

"Yay, I love the park. This twisty slide is so much fun."

"Kelsey said she will take me to the park tomorrow. I am going to go down the twisty slide."

"Daddy and I went to the park today. I went on the big twisty slide."

Infants' preparation for speaking includes:

practice producing sounds.

games like peek-a-boo.

following an adult's gaze when the adult is talking.

All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

Children's overregularization errors are an indicator that they:

use words they are able to produce in place of those they are not yet able to produce.

internalize grammatical rules.

are able to remove the nonessential elements of speech to reduce the number of words per utterance.

memorize the plural forms of individual nouns and the tenses of individual verbs.

make random guesses about the structures of words.

internalize grammatical rules.

Children's phonological development refers to their learning of the:

meaning system and words of their language.

cultural rules for how their language is used.

rules for combining the words in their language.

sound system of their language.

sound system of their language.

________ is NOT an example of a way in which adults help toddlers learn words.

Putting vocal stress on new words

Repeating new words

Saying new words in the first position in a sentence

Labeling objects when the child is attending to them

Saying new words in the first position in a sentence

Syntactic bootstrapping refers to children's use of the ________ as a cue to figure out the meaning of a novel word.

focus of adults' attention

linguistic category of the novel word

structure of the whole sentence

contrastive use of a familiar and unfamiliar word

structure of the whole sentence

Which of the following statements is the best advice for parents who want their child to learn a second language?

As long as the child is exposed to the second language for an extended period of time, it does not matter when exposure to the language begins.

Wait to expose the child to a second language until he or she is old enough to be motivated to learn the language.

Expose the child to the second language as early as possible.

Begin exposure to the second language well after you are sure the child has learned the native language completely and proficiently.

Expose the child to the second language as early as possible.

Which of the following utterances is an example of holophrastic speech?

"Milk"

"Need milk."

"Got milk?"

"Can I please have some milk?"

"Milk"

Which of the following statements about nonhuman primates' ability to learn language is true?

Nonhuman primates have essentially no ability to learn how to use words to communicate.

Nonhuman primates can learn vocabulary and simple sentence structure, but the communicative system they can acquire is not generally considered to be a language.

Nonhuman primates naturally use language to communicate with other members of their species, although their languages are not as complex as human languages.

Nonhuman primates do not have the vocal apparatus for producing speech, but when they are taught a sign language, they are able to learn a complex language.

Nonhuman primates can learn vocabulary and simple sentence structure, but the communicative system they can acquire is not generally considered to be a language.

The notion that an infinite number of sentences and ideas can be expressed through language is referred to as:

production.

generativity.

construction.

infinitivity.

generativity.