Which statement about childrens characteristics and behavior and the parenting process is true

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Terms in this set (20)

In families living in Western industrialized cultures, mothers spend ______ of their available time playing than do fathers, and/but the type of play tends to be ______ to that of fathers.

a. less; different
b. more; similar
c. less; similar
d. more; different

a. less; different

Parents who are high in warmth and high in control are considered to exhibit which of the following parenting styles?

a. permissive
b. authoritative
c. rejecting-neglecting
d. authoritarian

b. authoritative

Which of the following variables is NOT involved in family dynamics?

a. births, deaths, and divorces
b. hereditary characteristics of parents
c. family members' indirect influences on one another
d. social support from neighbors and schools
e. All of the answers are involved in family dynamics.

e. All of the answers are involved in family dynamics.

Which of the following statements is considered the most fundamental function of the family as it is related to child rearing?

a. economic resources
b. survival of offspring
c. entertainment
d. cultural training

b. survival of offspring

Compared to children of heterosexual parents, children of gay and lesbian parents are:

a. both more poorly adjusted and less popular.
b. more poorly adjusted.
c. None of these answers have been proven.
d. All of these are traits of children with gay and lesbian parents.
e. more likely to be gay or lesbian themselves.
f. less popular.

c. None of these answers have been proven.

Authoritarian parents are those who:

a. are highly demanding and unresponsive.
b. are abusive.
c. have little interest in disciplining their children.
d. are attentive, communicative, and consistent in their discipline.

a. are highly demanding and unresponsive.

Which of the following variables is NOT a factor influencing children's adjustment following divorce?

a. quality of contact with noncustodial father
b. frequency of contact with noncustodial father
c. parental conflict
d. stress of custodial mother

b. frequency of contact with noncustodial father

The large-scale study of the effects of child care that was funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Development has demonstrated which of the following statements about the effects of child care on children's cognitive development?

a. When it is of high quality, child care tends to have a positive effect on children's cognitive development.
b. Regardless of the quality, child care tends to have a positive effect on children's cognitive development.
c. Regardless of the quality, child care tends to have a negative effect on children's cognitive development.
d. When it is of at least moderate quality, child care tends to have a positive effect on children's cognitive development.

a. When it is of high quality, child care tends to have a positive effect on children's cognitive development.

Which of the following factors does NOT increase the amount of conflict between siblings?

a. similarity in parental treatment
b. marital conflict
c. differential treatment by parents
d. All of the answers increase the amount of conflict between siblings.

a. similarity in parental treatment

Which of the following assertions is a true statement about the impact of divorce on children's functioning?

a. The majority of children whose parents divorce suffer long-term problems as a consequence.
b. There are no short-term or long-term consequences of divorce.
c. Although divorce has negative consequences for some children, most children do not suffer long-term problems as a consequence.
d. Although there are some short-term consequences, there are almost no long-term consequences of divorce.

c. Although divorce has negative consequences for some children, most children do not suffer long-term problems as a consequence.

Parental use of psychological control tends to be reported most in which type of family?

a. relative wealthy
b. relatively poor
c. nontraditional
d. older parents

b. relatively poor

Cross-cultural studies of parenting styles have demonstrated that which of the following factors differ across cultures and subcultures?

a. the meaning of particular parenting styles to children
b. the prevalence of different parenting styles
c. All of the answers are factors that differ across cultures and subcultures.
d. the outcomes associated with different parenting styles

c. All of the answers are factors that differ across cultures and subcultures.

Compared to younger parents, older parents tend to have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:

a. greater financial resources.
b. more children.
c. less stress.
d. more positivity in their parenting.

b. more children.

Which of the following assertions is a true statement about children's characteristics and behavior and the parenting process?

a. Parenting behaviors are rarely influenced by children's characteristics or behavior, as parents tend to have a core style that changes in only minor ways.
b. Although children's early temperamental characteristics influence the parenting style that parents adopt, children have little influence on parenting behaviors after infancy.
c. Children's characteristics and behavior can have a substantial influence on the parenting process.
d. Parents may be influenced by children's extreme behaviors, but their parenting practices are rarely influenced by any other characteristics of their children.

c. Children's characteristics and behavior can have a substantial influence on the parenting process.

All of the following traits are more common among families experiencing long-term economic stress than among other families EXCEPT:

a. social support.
b. hostile parenting.
c. inconsistent parenting.
d. marital conflict.

a. social support.

All of the following steps are considered ways that parents socialize their children EXCEPT:

a. providing and controlling opportunities.
b. direct instruction.
c. indirect socialization.
d. heredity.

d. heredity.

Sibling relationships tend to be less hostile when parents:

a. treat the siblings differently.
b. exhibit all of these traits.
c. lean on children in times of marital conflict.
d. are warm and accepting.

d. are warm and accepting.

8-year-old Trina does not want to do her homework and would rather watch TV. Her parents think that Trina can make her own decisions about her schoolwork, and thus they do not get involved. They are affectionate with Trina in other situations, but they do little to try to regulate their daughter's behavior. Trina's parents would likely be classified as which of the following?

a. permissive
b. authoritarian
c. rejecting-neglecting
d. authoritative

a. permissive

Parents who are low in warmth and low in control are considered to exhibit which of the following parenting styles?

a. authoritative
b. permissive
c. authoritarian
d. rejecting-neglecting

d. rejecting-neglecting

Research examining the effects of maternal employment on children's development has demonstrated that:

a. children of employed mothers were less assertive and independent than children of stay-at-home mothers.
b. employed mothers were more likely to be permissive than were stay-at-home mothers.
c. children of employed mothers who received adequate supervision displayed academic competence at least as high as children of stay-at-home mothers.
d. in middle-class families, sons of employed mothers exhibited fewer problem behaviors than did sons of stay-at-home mothers.

c. children of employed mothers who received adequate supervision displayed academic competence at least as high as children of stay-at-home mothers.

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