Which of the following statements is true regarding the responsibilities of reviewers reviewers?

A reviewer’s main responsibility is to:

Be professional and prompt.

Which of the following is the most appropriate step to take if authors believe that their manuscript was reviewed unfairly?

The author can contact the editor with their concerns.

The main reason that grant proposal reviewers with a conflict of interest should remove themselves from the review process is because:

It lessens the chance that bias will affect the review process.

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the review process for grant proposals?

Funding agencies usually have committees, often with external reviewers, that assess the quality of the proposal.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the responsibilities of reviewers?

Reviewers should identify the positive and negative aspects of a manuscript, and indicate where improvements are needed.

The main difference between single-blind review and double-blind review is that under single-blind review:

The identity of the author is revealed to the reviewer.

The two main criteria that the National Science Foundation (NSF) uses to evaluate grant proposals are:

Intellectual merits and broader impacts.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the responsibilities of a reviewer?

A reviewer’s conflict of interest should be disclosed to the journal editor or grant agency.

Reviewers have a responsibility to promote ethical peer review by:

Preserving the confidentiality of the submission.

The main reason that the Royal Society of London developed the modern form of peer review was to:

Control the quality of published papers.