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Health disparities are preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or opportunities to achieve optimal health that are experienced by socially disadvantaged populations.1 Despite significant progress in research, practice, and policy, disparities in youth health risk behaviorspdf icon persist. Populations can be defined by factors such as race or ethnicity, gender, education or income, disability, geographic location (e.g., rural or urban), or sexual orientation. Health disparities are inequitable and are directly related to the historical and current unequal distribution of social, political, economic, and environmental resources. We can improve health risks and reduce disparities and inequities by addressing social determinants of health. Health disparities result from multiple factors, including
The Education–Health Disparities LinkHealth disparities are related to inequities in education. Dropping out of school is associated with multiple social and health problems.2-3 Overall, individuals with less education are more likely to experience a number of health risks, such as obesity, substance abuse, and intentional and unintentional injury, compared with individuals with more education.4 Higher levels of education are associated with a longer life and an increased likelihood of obtaining or understanding basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions.5-7 At the same time, good health is associated with academic success. Higher levels of protective health behaviors and lower levels of health risk behaviors are been associated with higher academic grades among high school students.8 Health risks such as teenage pregnancy, poor dietary choices, inadequate physical activity, physical and emotional abuse, substance abuse, and gang involvement have a significant impact on how well students perform in school.9-13 Some LGBTQ youth are at higher risk than heterosexual youth for HIV, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), unintended pregnancy, and related risk behaviors. The 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) results show the health disparities that exist among sexual minority high school students or students who identify as lesbian, gay or bisexual (LGB); are not sure of their sexual identity; or who report sexual contact with persons of the same sex. Data from the YRBS Data Summary & Trends Report pdf icon[PDF – 31 MB] reveal that sexual minority youth experience significantly higher levels of violence in school, bullying and sexual violence, and face significantly higher risks for suicide, depression, and substance use than their heterosexual peers. These trends are consistent with previous studies that show LGBTQ students are at a disproportionately higher risk for negative health outcomes related to sexual behaviors, experiences of violence, substance use, and mental health, including suicide, and poor academic performance. Comprehensive, community-wide prevention efforts can provide protection and reduce the health risks and negative experiences of LGBTQ students. To thrive in their schools and communities, all students, including LGBTQ students, need to feel socially, emotionally, and physically safe and supported. Everyone has a role to play in helping youth become healthy adults. Connectedness – or social bonds – to peers, teachers, schools, or community organizations is key. Working together, families, parents, schools, health and community organizations can address health risk behaviors and experiences by providing sexual health education, sexual health services, and safe and supportive environments to help LGBTQ students thrive.
What factors the nurse least likely to associate with health disparities among marginalized groups?Rationale: The nurse is least likely to associate self-care with health disparities. Self-care is not a factor that contributes to health disparities among marginalized groups. People in marginalized groups lack access to good quality health care, which predisposes them to health disparities.
Which concept of intersectionality involves unequal access to resources and services quizlet?Social inequality is the concept of intersectionality that involves groups with unequal access to resources, services, and positions.
Which statement by the nurse indicates understanding of the major factors influencing the increase in health care costs?Which statement by the nurse indicates understanding of the major factors influencing the increase in health care costs? "Health care expenditures are exceeding the cost of the gross domestic product (GDP) in excess of 14%."
How is cultural competence different from patientPatient centeredness and cultural competence are two approaches to enhancing health care delivery that emphasize different aspects of quality. Patient centeredness aims to improve quality by including the patient perspective; cultural competence primarily focuses on reducing disparities in health care.
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Which factor is the nurse least likely to associate with health disparities among marginalized groups?
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