To find the volume of gas available from a compressed gas cylinder, we apply the Ideal Gas Law (PV = nRT). In a high-pressure cylinder, the volume will be affected by the content's compressibility factor Z (PV = ZnRT). For example, an AL cylinder of pure helium may contain 134 cu. ft. of gas while the same cylinder of pure air may contain 144 cu. ft. under the same conditions. For these practical calculations, however, we assume ideal gas behavior for simplicity. Show
The Ideal Gas Law PV = nRTWhere: P is pressure When the temperature is kept constant, we can derive the equation: P(1) is the pressure of the compressed gas in the cylinder (psi) For example, an AL sized cylinder is filled with nitrogen at 2000 psi. What is the gas volume of nitrogen from the cylinder? P(1) is 2000 psi Solving the equation above for V(2) gives: (approximately 140 cu. ft.) *The water volume of the high-pressure cylinders can be found on this site under the Cylinder Specs and Packaging section. Cylinders of liquid gases are filled according to what specification? Under what conditions will the gauge pressure of a cylinder of N2O accurately represents its contents? II. When the ambient temperature exceeds the critical temperature According to the National Institute of Standards and Technology of the U.S. Department of Commerce, a gas cylinder that is color-coded brown and green should contain which of the following? Which of the following is true about an uncompensated Thorpe tube? Flow lower than actual if downstream pressure increases When used to control the flow of medical gases to a patient, how is a flow restrictor classified? Fixed orifice, constant-pressure flowmetering device If you had to power a ventilator from a large cylinder of compressed gas, which of the following devices would After attaching a yoke connector to an E cylinder and opening the cylinder valve, you notice a leak at the gas outlet. Which of the following are possible causes of this leak?
You are called by a nursing home to help set up O2 for a patient, delivered through a jet nebulizer. Unfortunately, all that is available is an old uncompensated Thorpe tube flowmeter. When set to 8 L/min, the nebulizer creates an additional 30 psig of downstream pressure. About what flow of O2 will the patient now receive? Which of the following statements is false about PISS standards? They apply to low-pressure (<200 psig) connections Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations require compressed gas cylinders to be hydrostatically tested for leaks and expansion every how often? What key property of He makes it useful as a therapeutic gas? What is the PISS index hole position for O2? Which of the following is false about a Bourdon gauge? It will register zero flow when the outlet is completely blocked. Compressed gas cylinders are manufactured from which of the following? When used to control the flow of medical gases to a patient, how is a Thorpe tube classified? Variable orifice, constant-pressure flowmetering device Which of the following methods of producing O2 is commonly used in the home care setting? When full, a gas cylinder registers a pressure of 2200 psig. After a few hours of use, the pressure gauge reads 550 psig. The cylinder is now how full? Structural requirements for the central piping systems that are used in hospitals to distribute gases are established by whom? To what is the measured pressure in a gas-filled cylinder equivalent? The force required to compress its volume within the cylinder. According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, a gas cylinder that is color coded blue should contain which of the following? One cu/ft of liquid O2 is the equivalent of about how many cu/ft of gaseous O2? Which of the following medical gases can be stored in cylinders as liquids at room temperature? Unlike CO2 or N2O, O2 cannot be stored as a liquid at room temperature but must be kept in special cryogenic containers. Why is this so? O2 has a critical temperature well below room temperature. What cylinder factor is used to compute the duration of flow for a 22 cu/ft O2 or air E cylinder? Which of the following components are common to a standard compressed gas cylinder manifold system?
Retinopathy of prematurity may result in which of the following? Which of the following is TRUE about air-entrainment systems? Their FIO2 values are directly proportional to their total flow. What is the minimum flow setting for a simple mask applied to an adult? What are some key patient considerations in selecting O2 therapy equipment?
Which of the following is false about multiplace hyperbaric oxygenation chambers? The chamber normally is filled with 100% O2 You are giving a 80% He:20% O2 mixture to an asthmatic patient through a nonrebreathing mask with a compensated Thorpe tube O2 flowmeter set at 8 L/min. What is the actual flow being delivered to the patient? Potential adverse effects associated with NO therapy include all of the following except increased blood clotting. A physician orders a 70% He:30% O2 mixture to reduce the work of breathing in a patient having an acute asthmatic attack. Which of the following delivery systems would be appropriate in this case? Nonrebreathing mask at 10 L/min Which of the following would indicate adequate oxygenation for adult patients with chronic lung disease and an accompanying acute-on-chronic hypoxemia?
Which of the following is considered an advantage of the transtracheal catheter? It requires 40% to 60% less O2 flow than the nasal cannula to achieve the same FIO2. All of the following conditions can be treated with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy except: Which of the following statements is FALSE about low-flow O2 delivery systems? The greater the patient's inspiratory flow, the greater is the FIO2. A patient breathing 100% O2 for 24 hours or longer would most likely exhibit which of the following?
Which of the following factors determine the actual O2 provided by an air-entrainment system?
What is the minimum criterion for how often an O2 delivery system should be checked according to the clinical practice guidelines from the AARC? Before administering a helium-O2 mixture to a patient with large airway obstruction, what should you do? Analyze the O2 concentration of the mixture. A cooperative and alert postoperative patient taking food orally requires a small increment in FIO2, to be provided continuously. Precise FIO2 concentrations are not needed. Which of the following devices would best achieve this end? Which of the following typically occurs first when monitoring the earliest physiologic response to breathing 100% O2? Which of the following is FALSE about NO2? NO2 exposure should be kept below 5 ppm during NO administration. A physician orders supplemental O2 for a patient through a nasal cannula at a flow of 12 L/min. When you ask what the goal is, the physician states that the patient should receive about 60% O2. Which of the following should you recommend? The O2 should be given through a reservoir mask at 15 L/min. Which of the following is an indication for the use of helium-O2 mixtures? Retinopathy of prematurity may result in which of the following? Dyspnea You can determine that a nasal O2 catheter is properly positioned when its tip is where? Retracted just above the uvula Specific clinical objectives of oxygen (O2) therapy include which of the following?
Which of the following is false about absorption atelectasis? It can occur only when breathing supplemental O2. To minimize the risk of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends keeping the PaO2 below what level? In which of the following procedures is air embolism a potential complication?
A patient receiving 35% O2 through an air-entrainment mask set at 6 L/min input flow becomes tachypneic. Simultaneously, you notice that the SpO2 has fallen from 91% to 87%. Which of the following actions would be most appropriate in this situation? Increase the device's input flow to 10 L/min. A 52-year-old man is admitted to the hospital emergency department with a primary complaint of severe radiating chest pain and signs of central cyanosis. The attending asks for your advice on selecting a device that provides a moderate FIO2 for this patient. Which of the following would you recommend? Simple O2 mask at 8 L/min You enter the room of a patient who is receiving nasal O2 through a bubble humidifier at 5 L/min. You immediately notice that the humidifier pressure relief is popping off. Which of the following actions would be most appropriate in this situation? Look for crimped or twisted delivery tubing. Which of the following is false about multiplace hyperbaric oxygenation chambers? The chamber normally is filled with 100% O2. Disadvantages of standard O2 masks include all of the following except: being difficult to apply to patients.
Which of the following typically occurs first when monitoring the earliest physiologic response to breathing 100% O2? Which of the following would indicate a need for O2 therapy for a newborn infant?
What is the level of SpO2 typically associated with discontinuation of O2 therapy? A physician requests you provide a patient with exactly 45% O2 at a flow of 60 L/min. Lacking a blender, you must manually mix air and O2 to achieve the desired mixture at the prescribed flow. Which of the following air and O2 flows would you select? Air (L/min) 42; O2 (L/min) 18 A patient with chronic hypercapnia placed on an FIO2 of 0.6 starts hypoventilating. What is the probable cause of this phenomenon? O2-induced hypoventilation A physician wants a stable FIO2 of 0.5 for a newborn infant with severe hypoxemia. Which device(s) would you select to provide this oxygen concentration for the infant? O2 hood with blender and heated humidifier Low-flow O2 delivery systems used in respiratory care include all of the following except: When determining a need for O2 therapy, the respiratory therapist should assess which of the following?
Which of the following are components of a typical O2 blender?
Which of the following alternatives may increase the FIO2 capabilities of air-entrainment nebulizers?
Which of the following is TRUE about reservoir cannulas? Nasal anatomy and breathing pattern can affect performance of the device. All of the following conditions can be treated with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy except: An infant requires both a precise high FIO2 and maintenance of a neutral thermal environment. Which of the following systems can best achieve these goals?
During hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy at 3 ATA, what is the approximate half-life of blood carboxyhemoglobin? An O2 delivery device takes separate pressurized air and O2 sources as input, then mixes these gases through a precision valve. What does this describe? During hyperbaric oxygen therapy at 3 ATA, plasma contains about how much dissolved O2? What is the usual method of monitoring the remaining contents in a gas filled cylinder quizlet?What is the usual method of monitoring the remaining contents in a gas-filled cylinder? Read the pressure gauge.
Which device is used to reduce the pressure and control the flow of a compressed medical gas?Regulators. Pressure regulators reduce the high pressures of the stored gas in the cylinder to lower pressures that can be safely used in an operating system. Proper regulator selection is critical for both safety and effectiveness of operating systems.
What does the gas cylinder pictogram mean?What does this pictogram mean? The symbol within the pictogram is a gas cylinder. This symbol indicates that hazardous products with this pictogram are gases that are contained in a receptacle under pressure, or which are liquefied or liquefied and refrigerated.
What is the most common and least expensive method for commercial production of oxygen?Fractional distillation is the most common and least expensive method for producing O2. The process involves several related steps. First, atmospheric air is filtered to remove pollutants, water, and carbon dioxide (CO2).
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What cylinder factor is used to compute the duration of flow for a 22 cu/ft o2 or air e cylinder?
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