[Digital I/O] Show
DescriptionConfigures the specified pin to behave either as an input or an output. See the Digital Pins page for details on the functionality of the pins. As of Arduino 1.0.1, it is possible to enable the internal pullup resistors with the mode Syntax
Parameters
ReturnsNothing Example CodeThe code makes the digital pin 13
Notes and WarningsThe analog input pins can be used as digital pins, referred to as A0, A1, etc. Through December 31, 2022, Experian, TransUnion and Equifax will offer all U.S. consumers free weekly credit reports through AnnualCreditReport.com to help you protect your financial health during the sudden and unprecedented hardship caused by COVID-19. In this article:
The term shoulder surfing might conjure up images of a little surfer "hanging ten" on your shirt collar, but the reality is much more mundane. Shoulder surfing is a criminal practice where thieves steal your personal data by spying over your shoulder as you use a laptop, ATM, public kiosk or other electronic device in public. Despite the funny name, it's a security risk that can cause a financial wipeout. The practice long predates smartphones and laptops, and goes back to when criminals spied on pay phone users as they punched in their phone card numbers to make calls. From there, thieves moved to observing their victims key in PINs while using ATMs, paying for gas at self-service pumps or even making a purchase in a store. When Does Shoulder Surfing Happen?Shoulder surfing can occur anytime you're sharing personal information in a public place. That includes not only ATMs, payment kiosks and PIN pads, but just about any place where you use a laptop, tablet or smartphone to input personal data. The original shoulder surfers usually didn't loom over their victims' shoulders to scope out information. Instead, they stood a safe distance away and interpreted finger movements as people typed in numbers on a keypad. Similarly, today's shoulder surfers often escape notice as they quietly observe others in public places like airport lounges and shopping centers, bars and restaurants, on trains or subways, or anywhere people are out and about. While you may feel safe from shoulder surfing because there's no one right behind you at the ATM, today's sophisticated criminals often snoop from afar. They might use high-powered binoculars, miniature cameras, or the camera on their own phone or tablet to peer at your screen or keypad. They could be eavesdropping (sometimes using powerful microphones) as you read off credit card numbers over the phone or provide your Social Security number over the phone. Often, the criminals snap photos, take a video or record audio of the information and save it to interpret later. Here are some common places where shoulder surfing might occur:
What Are the Consequences of Shoulder Surfing?Using your credit card information to make fraudulent purchases is just one example of the damage shoulder surfers can do. The more personal information a criminal captures about you, the more far-reaching the consequences can be for your bank account and your financial health. For example, if you use a debit card at an ATM where thieves have installed a card skimmer, they may be able to capture both your PIN and your account number and gain access to your bank account. If a criminal sees your smartphone PIN and gets hold of your phone, they could access all the account information, payment card data and passwords stored on it. One or two fraudulent purchases can be quickly spotted and easily corrected by issuing you a new credit card. But if the fraud isn't discovered right away, it could have major long-term fallout. Shoulder surfers may also sell your data on the dark web. At worst, shoulder surfing can expose you to identity theft. A criminal may use your personal information, such as your Social Security number, to open new credit accounts, apply for loans, rent apartments or apply for jobs under your name. An identity thief could get their hands on your tax refund, use your health insurance to get medical care or apply for government benefits under your name. They might even commit a crime and provide your personal information when questioned by police, leaving you with a criminal record or a warrant for your arrest. Identity theft can take months or years to straighten out, requiring you to make endless phone calls, take time off work and pay for services or reports needed to reclaim your
identity. The financial and emotional toll can be huge, while your credit score potentially suffers in the meantime. A credit history affected by fraud and identity theft can make it harder to rent an apartment, buy a home, finance a new car or even get a job. Steps for Preventing Shoulder SurfingAs you can see, there are many reasons to be concerned about shoulder surfing. Following these steps can help protect you from shoulder surfers.
Monitor Your Credit RegularlyChecking your credit report is free, and you can get it through AnnualCreditReport.com or directly from Experian. Doing so regularly can help you spot potential fraud and identity theft. Staying on top of your credit report is easy to do when you sign up for free credit monitoring. Experian's free credit monitoring service alerts you of new inquiries and accounts, changes to your personal information, and suspicious activity on your Experian credit report. If you've fallen victim to fraud, or suspect you may have, consider adding a fraud alert to your credit reports. A fraud alert (also called a security alert) notifies lenders to take additional steps to verify your identity before processing applications for new credit cards or loans in your name. Placing a fraud alert at any one of the three major credit bureaus—Experian, Equifax and TransUnion—automatically places it at all three. Shoulder surfers can pose a threat to your personal data. Using a credit monitoring service—and a little common sense when you're in public—can give you the peace of mind to "hang loose." What tool can be used to read and write data to ports over a network?Nmap. Nmap is an open-source security and port scanner, as well as a network exploration tool. It works for single hosts and large networks alike.
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