Lowered level of consciousness Show
Altered consciousness is the first sign of increased intracranial pressure. An increase in intracranial pressure causes impaired cerebral blood flow affecting the cells of the cerebral cortex, which results in a decreased level of consciousness. As the intracranial pressure increases, it places pressure on the thalamus, hypothalamus, pons, and medulla, resulting in a slow pulse. A widening pulse pressure occurs because of an increase in the systolic pressure. As the intracranial pressure increases, it places pressure on the thalamus, hypothalamus, pons, and medulla, resulting in irregular respirations that progress to deep, rapid breathing alternating with periods of apnea (Cheyne-Stokes respirations). Which tool would an individual utilize in the physical assessment of the retina and optic nerve?Some will use a direct ophthalmoscope, which is a small, handheld instrument with a light on it. However, most doctors will use an indirect ophthalmoscope as they can wear this on their head, and it gives them a wider field of vision for the examination.
When performing an assessment on a patient's eyes what might the nurse use the ophthalmoscope for?The direct ophthalmoscope allows you to look into the back of the eye to look at the health of the retina, optic nerve, vasculature and vitreous humor. This exam produces an upright image of approximately 15 times magnification. The Large aperture is used for a dilated pupil after administering mydriatic drops.
How would the nurse describe the characteristic gait associated with Parkinson's?Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Parkinson
Parkinsonian gait known as shuffling gait presents as short steps, narrow-based with flexed knees and stooped posture. Four classic signs suggest a diagnosis of PD, including resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability.
Which rationale would the nurse use to explain the cane's purpose to a client with hemiparesis who voices a reluctance to use a cane?A client with hemiparesis is reluctant to use a cane. How does the nurse explain the cane's purpose to the client? Hemiparesis creates instability. Using a cane provides a wider base of support and, therefore greater stability.
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Which visual system assessment technique provides a magnified view of the retina and optic nerve head?
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