Of the many factors that contributed to the unsettled nature of the turn-of-the-twentieth-century world, which of the following led to most directly to the Maji-Maji Revolt? Show
A. Increasing anti colonial sentiments A. Increasing anticolonial settlements What characteristic of the present-day world economy emerged during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? A. Reliance on free trade ideology to justify economic expansionism C. An unequal relationship between the industrialized world and the non-industrialized world In the period from 1845 to 1900, what factors in China led large numbers of people to emigrate to the Americas and Oceania? A. Expulsion of dissidents by the Qing government B. Population pressure and a shortage of cultivatable land
Between 1840 and 1914, which of the following led to large-scale migration within individual industrialized states' national boundaries? A. Laboring on plantations D. Factory jobs in urban centers Which of the following was the destination of most South Asian emigrants? A. The commercial centers of
Western Europe, where they could work as bankers B. Other British colonies, where they could work as laborers Which of the following was a result of the influence of the city planning movement on urban life at the turn of the twentieth century? A. The development of growth boundaries surrounding urban areas C. Better sanitation and cultural amenities like museums and opera houses In which African colonies was resistance to colonial rule the strongest? A. Colonies where Europeans ruled autocratically B. Colonies in which Europeans had conquered African peoples, regardless of the manner in which Europeans ruled What military tactics, which became more common during the twentieth century, were implemented during the Anglo-Boer War? A. Concentration camps A. Concentration camps The Herero revolt in German Southwest Africa was so intense that the Germans resorted to which of the following? A. Withdrawal from the their African colonies B. Extermination orders against the Herero Advocates for imperialism reacted to news of the turmoil in the Belgian and German African colonies with sentiments reflected by which statement below? A.
Advocates for imperialism reacted to news of the turmoil in the Belgian and German African colonies with sentiments reflected A. Advocates for imperialism reacted to news of the turmoil in the Belgian and German African colonies with sentiments reflected The "open door policy" for access to China included which of the following concomitant attacks on traditional Chinese culture? A. Ending foot binding D. Support for Christian missionaries Which of the following is an example of the foreign pressure that led to the decline of Qing dynastic authority? A. The Sino-Japanese War A. The Sino-Japanese War The Boxer Rebellion was similar to the earlier Taiping Rebellion in which of the following ways? A. Both were composed
primarily of Chinese scholar elites A. Both were composed primarily of Chinese scholar elites Which of the following resulted from late-nineteenth-century industrial capitalism? A. Decreasing disparities
in accumulated wealth C. Acceleration of economic boom-and-bust cycles Which of the following was a response to the rise of giant banks and industrial corporations? A. Many economists and politicians wanted the state to manage national economies A. Many economists and politicians wanted the state to manage national economies Which of the following was a consequence of the 1907 financial crisis in the United States? A. It proved that government regulation did not work D. It showed how quickly national financial matters could become international affairs Which group was most likely to resist the system created by Frederick Winslow Taylor? A. Farmers C. Laborers Which of the following factors challenged the nineteenth-century idea of "separate spheres" for women and men? A. The cult of domesticity B. The movement of more women into the paid labor force Which of the following was often cited by Western imperialists as evidence for the improvement of women's lives under colonial rule? A. Colonial laws prohibited sati and female genital mutilation. A. Colonial laws prohibited sati and female genital mutilation. Which of the following was a common response to class conflict in late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century western Europe? A. Violent revolution and overthrow of repressive governments B. The growth of labor parties to participate in electoral politics Why was the Mexican revolution considered to be the most successful turn-of-the-twentieth-century revolution? A. It transformed the country and forced later politicians to respect peasants' rights and land reform A. It transformed the country and forced later politicians to respect peasants' rights and land reform Which of the following was the most enduring legacy of the Mexican Revolution? A. Emphasis on preserving racial hierarchy in the Mexican population D. The creation of communal landholdings for Mexican peasants How did German chancellor Otto von Bismarck seek to defuse socialist activism in his country? A. By infiltrating radical groups with secret state agents B. By enacting social welfare measurements Progressive reformers' goals included which of the following? A. Recognizing cultural diversity and the protection of workers' ways of life C. Creating a more efficient society and correcting the undesirable outcomes of urbanization and industrialization At the turn of the twentieth century, "modernism" reflected which of the following? A. Intellectuals, artists and scientists sensed that traditional answers were no longer adequate to explain the changes in society A. Intellectuals, artists and scientists sensed that traditional answers were no longer adequate to explain the changes in society One result of the emergence of popular culture was: A. The decline of institutions such as art museums and opera houses D. The use of cultural choices to assert social or class identity Which of the following is an example of a form of entertainment appealing to the masses that emerged at the end of the nineteenth century? A. Opera C. Sports The idea of "the primitive" was used by early-twentieth century European artists to symbolize which of the following? A. Forces that reason could not control A. Forces that reason could not control How did the assumptions made by scientists in the modernist era differ from those of Enlightenment-era scientists? A. Modernist scientists believed they had found the key to controlling nature B. Modernist scientists thought in terms of probabilities rather than certainties Which of the following questions challenged Chinese intellectuals at the turn of the twentieth century? A. Whether to support the Boxer Rebellion D. How to balance Western thought and traditional Chinese culture By the end of the nineteenth century, how did European and American nationalist and racial ideas compare to those of the rest of the world? A. Westerners, because of immigration, became more comfortable with multiethnic societies, while people in other parts of the world were drawn more to define themselves in terms of racial and ethnic purity B. Westerners were increasingly concerned with protecting their national and racial purity, while discussions of identity in other parts of the world were part of the opposition to Western domination Which of the following was an exception to the general rule of unrestricted migration during the late nineteenth century? A. The Chinese Exclusion Act in the United States A. The Chinese Exclusion Act in the United States Which of the following caused some Americans to fear the loss of their pioneering individualism? A. Increased immigration from Central and South America C. The 1890 announcement, closing the American frontier Which of the following was a direct response to anxiety over a loss of dominance by people of European descent in the United States during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? A. The expulsion of Mexican Americans from the southwestern United States B. Increased support for more restrictive immigration policies In Europe at the turn of the twentieth century, which of the following was a manifestation of anxiety about race? A. Increased anti-American sentiment D. The growth of anti-Semitic thought and behavior In Latin America during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, which of the following upset traditional racial hierarchies? A. Theories of evolution that implied all humans had shared origins C. The arrival to the region of large numbers of poor immigrants from Europe On what was Sun Yet-sen;s version of Chinese nationhood based? A. Han Chinese nationalism A. Han Chinese nationalism Which of the following contributed to the Qing dynasty's downfall? A. Manchu military victories C. Peasants and laborers resented the high cost of reform According to Sun Yat-sen what was demonstrated by the existence of different racial or ethnic groups in China? A. China would be made stronger by having different groups, such as the Tibetans or Muslims, as part of their society B. It showed incomplete assimilation into Han culture Why did Indian nationalism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries pose a different challenge to British rule than had the 1857 Indian Rebellion? A. The nationalist leaders imagined an Indian
national community that encompassed the whole of British India rather than defending local identities A. The nationalist leaders imagined an Indian national community that encompassed the whole of British India rather than defending local identities Indian intellectuals used Western culture to promote Indian nationalism in which of the following ways? A. They set up schools to ensure that Indians of all classes could read and understand important documents such as the Jamaica Letter C. They facilitated the spread of nationalist ideas throughout British India by creating modern cultural forms such as newspapers, pamphlets, and journals In order to establish a modern national identity, both Indian and Latin American intellectuals turned to which of the following? A. They turned to universalizing religion to create a common bond B. They rewrote the histories of ancient empires and kingdoms to create a cultural basis for national identity What did Pan-Islamism ask of Muslims? A. To withdraw from political concerns and focus on their religious activities D. To put aside differences between Shiite and Sunni and work against European aggression In what way did pan-Germanism differ from German nationalism? A. German nationalism rejected the inclusion of German-speaking people outside of Prussian national borders, but all German-speakers were included in pan-Germanism C. Pan-Germanism motivated people to define their identity by race or blood instead of national boundaries During the 1920's and 1930's, most ideas about "being modern" acknowledged that modernity implied: A. Stylistic innovation C. Mass production and consumption Which of the following was major consequence of World War I? A. European claims of a superior level of culture were supported by military victories C. Social hierarchies in European societies were shaken up or overthrown The tension in Europe that led to World War I was partly caused by a growing nationalist rivalry between which two states? A. Great Britain and Germany A. Great Britain and Germany Which of the following was a consequence of the mass mobilizations requires by WWI? A. Fewer colonial soldiers were required since a high number of European men were called up C. Traditional gender boundaries were undermined Which of the following is the reason that Tsar Nicholas II abdicated in February 1917? A. His generals believed that protests against the tsar in the capital threatened the war effort along the Eastern Front A. His generals believed that protests against the tsar in the capital threatened the war effort along the Eastern Front Which of the following accurately characterizes the October 1917 Bolshevik Revolution? A. The Bolshevik Revolution was an overthrow of the Russian monarchy C. The Bolshevik Revolution was proclaimed by socialists in order to overtake the earlier "bourgeois" revolution Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points most directly influenced which provision of the Treaty of Versailles? A. The organization of a League of Nations A. The organization of a League of Nations Which of the following demonstrated authoritarian governments' inability to exercise total control over mass culture? A. Germany was unable to suppress Triumph of the Will C. Jazz recordings were available in Germany and the Soviet Union Which of the following industries best represents the development of mass culture in the United States after World War I? A. The steel industry D. The advertising industry How did WWI contribute to the rise of mass production? A. The state took greater control of economic decision making B. Large amounts of standardized war material had to be produced as quickly and cheaply as possible Why did Henry Ford pay his automobile factory workers more than double the usual industrial wage? A. High pay was the only way to entice workers to become cogs in a depersonalized labor process D. Ford understood that consumers drove production and wanted his workers to be able to consume Which of the following was a cause of the Great Depression? A. Abandoning the gold standard B. The rise of protectionism and decline from free trade Which of the following was a consequence of countries' imposing protective tariffs? A. Manufacturers cut back on production and laid off millions of workers A. Manufacturers cut back on production and laid off millions of workers Which of the following was implied by the economic theories promoted buy John Maynard Keynes? A. The role of business and economic production was to serve the interests of the state D. At times states need to compensate for failures in the market by stimulating the economy with job creation and increasing supply of currency Which of the following is a similarity among European states' response to WWI? A. All states, even
democracies, suspended many democratic rights and intervened in both production and consumption A. All states, even democracies, suspended many democratic rights and intervened in both production and consumption By the end of the 1930s, how did most people perceive the liberal democratic model of government? A. Revolutionary and exciting C. Weak and vulnerable How did WWI change the role of states? A. It made them afraid of
overstepping and causing another war B. It led to an increase in the size and scope of their role in society How did the French Popular Front government respond to threats of a rightist coup in the 1930s? A. It instituted a forty-hour workweek, the right to collective bargaining, and a minimum wage A. It instituted a forty-hour workweek, the right to collective bargaining, and a minimum wage Which of the following describes the first response of the United States government to the Great Depression? A. It created a jobs program to help the unemployed return to productivity D. It insisted on individual thrift and self-reliance, not government handouts Which of the following describes the overall impact of the New Deal? A. It offered a quick end to the Great Depression in the United States B. It preserved the American system of capitalism What did the authoritarian political systems of Germany, Japan, and Italy have in common? A. All were defeated in WWI D. All disliked the left-wing government that emerged in the Soviet Union How did Stalin plan to replace capitalist agriculture with socialist agriculture in the Soviet Union? A. By replacing the market for agricultural products with a subsistence economy where everyone was responsible for growing their own food C. By forcing peasant farmers to join state-run agricultural collectives On what did Soviet governance under Stalin rely to ensure citizen compliance with its policies? A. Terror A. Terror Italian Fascists considered themselves to be the defenders of which of the following? A. Large corporations and the capitalist system in which they participated C. Peasants, nonsocialist workers, veterans, and students Under what circumstances did Benito Mussolini initially gain control of the Italian government? A. The Fascist Party achieved a large majority of the vote in national elections C. Mussolini was appointed prime minister by the Italian King Which of the following is accurate for both Hitler and Mussolini? A. Both began their political careers as socialists B. Neither won an electoral majority before being appointed to power Which of the following was a reason why Hitler and the Nazis were popular with the German electorate? A. They refused to resort to force or public disturbances. C. They claimed success in restoring order and improving the economy Which of the following is an element common to all the authoritarian systems of the mid-twentieth century? A. State-supported anti-Semitism B. A willingness to use violence and terror against their own citizens Which of the following initiated Japan's turn toward authoritarian rule? A. The Korean rebellion against Japanese rule C. Emperor Hirohito's coming to power How did Latin American governments respond to the decline of their export economies and access to foreign capital during the 1920s and 1930s? A. They created their own alternative international banking system B. They worked to make domestic industry their main engine of economic growth Which of the following best describes a corporatist political system? A. A system in which the state limits itself to performing functions that private interests are unwilling or unable to carry out D. A system in which the state establishes political parties and encourages interest groups such as chambers of commerce and trade unions to associate with those parties In what ways did Getulio Vargas seek support from Brazilian blacks? A. He supported public schools and paved roads B. He legalized candomble dances and samba schools In general, anti colonial nationalist movements wanted to: A. use their indigenous cultural and religious
traditions as sources for mobilization A. use their indigenous cultural and religious traditions as sources for mobilization What role did African people play in governing Europe's African colonies in the post-World War I period? A. Africans had a significant voice in colonial administration and governance D. Africans had little voice in colonial governance and made their opinions known through protest Which African leader invoked precolonial traditions as a basis for resisting British colonialism in Kenya? A. Blaise Diagne C. Jomo Kenyatta Which individual was most responsible for mobilizing a mass anticolonial movement in British-controlled India? A. Jawalharlal Nehru B. Mohandas K. Gandhi What was Satyagraha? A. A philosophy of nonviolent resistance A. A philosophy of nonviolent resistance Following WWI, Indian nationalists embraced which of the following methods of combating colonial control? A. Indians joined forces with other colonized people in Africa and Asia to wage war against all Western domination D. Indians boycotted British goods, refused to pay taxes, and refused to send their children to British schools Why did Ghandi choose salt as the testing ground for his principles of civil disobedience? A. Salt, a government monopoly, symbolized Indians' subjugation to British rule. A. Salt, a government monopoly, symbolized Indians' subjugation to British rule. Jawaharlal Nehru disagreed with Ghandi in which of the following ways? A. Nehru advocated for the creation of a separate Muslim state B. Nehru believed that India needed to embrace science and technology to develop as a modern nation What prevented the republic established in China in 1911 from gaining legitimacy? A. Opposition from the Guomindang C. Factional and regional conflicts Which of the following best describes the purpose of the White Wolf movement in China? A. A communist party initiative to radicalize peasants C. A peasant-supported band of armed men who robbed the rich to give to the poor to restore justice Which of the following was Mustafa Kemal's first action to create a European-style secular Turkey? A. Replacing the sultanate with a republic A. Replacing the sultanate with a republic How did the goals of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt differ from those of the Wafd? A. The Muslim Brotherhood wanted to use the nation-state as a means of returning to a pure form of Islam, while the Wafd was primarily a secular nationalist group A. The Muslim Brotherhood wanted to use the nation-state as a means of returning to a pure form of Islam, while the Wafd was primarily a secular nationalist group Which of the following models of political modernity was accepted most often in western Europe and the Americas by the 1930s? A. The anticolonial model D. The liberal democratic model Following WWII, which of the following emerged as the prevailing global political organization? A. The multiethnic empire C. The nation-state Which of the following issues led to the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union? A. Their expanding overseas empires impinged on one another, creating borderland conflicts B. They had diametrically opposed political and economic ideologies Which of the following was one of the principal causes of WWII? A. The Germans and the Russians had a long-standing agreement to divide the world between them D. Resentment lingered over the punitive treaties imposed after WWI Which of the following accurately compares the Germans and Japanese during the 1930s and 1940s? A. Both encouraged veneration of the emperor C. Both developed theories of racial superiority Which of the following is a reason why historians have described WWII as a total global conflict? A. WWII led to significant transformations of all the major prewar forms of government B. Fighting in WWII took place on three continents and included soldiers from all continents except Antartica Which of the following techniques did Hitler use to create his racially based new world order? A. He set up puppet governments that complied with deportation orders Jews A. He set up puppet governments that complied with deportation orders Jews Which of the following European claims did the systematic implementation of the Nazi genocide challenge? A. Europeans had claimed that social Darwinism supported their racial superiority B. Europeans had claimed that science, technology, and an efficient bureaucracy would make life better for all How did Japan justify its conquest of neighboring territory during World War II? A. Japan claimed that
its conquests were protecting East Asia from American colonial aggression B. Japan claimed that it was driving out European imperialists and establishing "Asia for the Asians" For which of the following reasons did President Harry Truman authorize use of the atomic bomb in 1945? A. Germany refused to surrender, even though the Soviets, British, and Americans were converging on Berlin D. An Allied invasion of Japan would cost hundreds of thousands of American lives, since the Japanese had vowed to defend the main islands to the last man, woman, or child Why did communism appeal to many Europeans after WWII? A. The USSR offered a large amount of aid for economic and military redevelopment throughout Europe C. Many Eastern Europeans, reacting to the horrors of fascism, looked to the Soviets for solutions to rebuild society What was the Marshall Plan's goal? A. Its goal was to build an "iron curtain" across the center of Europe, blocking the expansion of communism B. Its goal was to limit the appeal of communism in Europe by providing grants for reconstruction to democratic governments Which of the following encouraged the European powers to surrender their African colonies quizlet?Which of the following encouraged the European powers to surrender their African colonies? European powers were too deep in debt to invest more on pacifying the discontented Africans.
Which of the following explains development economists beliefs that modern famines in Africa are not natural disasters but rather are man made?Which of the following explains development economists' beliefs that modern famines in Africa are not natural disasters, but are man-made? Famines usually result from government policies that ignore rural areas and inhibit the production of distribution.
How did South Africa achieve majority rule quizlet?How did South Africa achieve majority rule? South Africa achieved majority rule through negotiations between the ruling minority government and African liberation activists, followed by free elections.
Why did communism appeal to many Europeans after ww2?At the end of World War II, communism appealed to many Europeans because: it seemed to be an effective way to build powerful, egalitarian modern states.
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Which of the following was a result of the influence of the city planning movement on urban life at the turn of the twentieth century?
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