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Bulletin of the American Association of University Professors (2010-) Vol. 102 (JULY-AUGUST 2016) , pp. 69-99 (31 pages) Published By: American Association of University Professors https://www.jstor.org/stable/44648664 This is a preview. Log in to get access Journal Information The Bulletin of the American Association of University Professors brings together in one volume the previous academic year’s academic freedom and tenure and governance investigative reports, standing committee and ad hoc subcommittee reports, new policy documents and revisions to previously published documents, and selected annual reports of the Association and other relevant business materials. Publisher Information The mission of the American Association of University Professors (AAUP) is to advance academic freedom and shared governance; to define fundamental professional values and standards for higher education; to promote the economic security of faculty, academic professionals, graduate students, post‐doctoral fellows, and all those engaged in teaching and research in higher education; to help the higher education community organize to make our goals a reality; and to ensure higher education's contribution to the common good. Founded in 1915, the AAUP has helped to shape American higher education by developing the standards and procedures that maintain quality in education and academic freedom in this country's colleges and universities. Rights & Usage This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. *Note: This Sexual Misconduct Policy is effective August 14, 2020, and replaces the University’s Sexual Misconduct/Title IX Policy in its entirety. The new Sexual Misconduct Policy and its three corresponding Complaint Procedures apply to conduct that occurs on or after August 14, 2020. Conduct occurring on or before August 13, 2020 will be handled under the University’s Sexual Misconduct/Title IX Policy and the two corresponding Complaint Procedures. Executive SummaryThis policy affirms Boston University’s (BU’s) strong commitment to fostering an environment free from sexual misconduct. Sexual misconduct may take many forms, such as sexual assault (including rape), sexual harassment, dating and domestic violence, and stalking. Federal and state laws affect how BU defines and addresses sexual misconduct, and the process may seem complex and daunting. This policy contains an extensive list of resources in Sections V and XII to assist the BU community in understanding both this policy and the applicable procedures. This policy classifies sexual misconduct into two categories: (i) sexual misconduct that is covered by Title IX, a federal law (defined in Section III.A); and (ii) sexual misconduct generally (defined in Section III.B). If conduct falls under both categories, Title IX and its procedures govern. The distinction between sexual misconduct governed by Title IX and other sexual misconduct is relevant because the procedures for resolving complaints differ in important ways whether Title IX applies or not. This Policy is effective August 14, 2020, and applies to conduct that occurs on or after August 14, 2020. Conduct that occurred on or before August 13, 2020, will be addressed under the University’s Title IX/Sexual Misconduct Policy and its two accompanying sets of procedures. This policy is organized as follows: Section I – Introduction Section II – Scope of the Policy and Procedures Section III – Prohibited Conduct and Definitions Section IV – Other Important Concepts and Definitions Section V – Campus and Community Resources Section VI – Reporting Sexual Misconduct Section VII – Other Information Related to Reporting Sexual Misconduct Section VIII – Title IX/Sexual Misconduct Review Section IX – Prevention and Education Section X – Training Section XI – Resources and Support Section XII – Confidentiality Protections and Reporting Obligations I. IntroductionA. Statement of University ValuesBoston University is committed to fostering an environment that is free from all forms of sexual misconduct, including sexual assault and sexual harassment. In support of that commitment, BU takes steps to increase awareness of such misconduct, eliminate its occurrence on campus, provide support for survivors, diligently investigate all reports of sexual misconduct, and deal fairly and firmly with offenders. Creating a safe campus environment and a culture of respect is the shared responsibility of all members of the BU community, individually and collectively. B. Notice of Non-DiscriminationBoston University is committed to establishing and maintaining an environment free of all forms of discrimination and harassment for all members of the University community. The University prohibits discrimination against any person on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, age, national origin, physical or mental disability, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, genetic information, military service, or because of marital, parental, veteran status, or any other protected class. The University does not discriminate on the basis of sex in its educational, extracurricular, athletic, or other programs, or in the context of employment. Sexual misconduct, including sexual harassment as defined in this Policy, is a form of sex discrimination prohibited by Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, a federal law that provides: No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance. C. Compliance With Anti-Discrimination LawsThe University complies with all state and federal discrimination laws, including but not limited to Title IX of the Higher Education Amendments of 1972, the federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in education programs and activities; Title VII, the federal law that prohibits unlawful discrimination in employment, including that based on sex; and Mass. Gen. Laws chapters 151B and 151C, the state laws that prohibit unlawful discrimination in employment and education, including that based on sex, respectively. The Boston University Policy on Sexual Misconduct and Title IX Sexual Misconduct (“Policy”) is intended to ensure a safe and non-discriminatory educational and work environment, free from all forms of sex-based discrimination and harassment. D. Coordination with Boston University’s Non-Discrimination PolicyBoston University recognizes that discrimination and harassment related to a person’s sex can occur in connection with misconduct related to a person’s sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, race, color, ethnicity, national origin, religion, age, disability, or other protected class. Targeting a person on the basis of these characteristics is a violation of state and federal law and University policy. Under these circumstances, the University will endeavor to coordinate the investigation and resolution of sexual misconduct complaints with the investigation and resolution of complaints of discrimination or harassment based on other protected classes. II. Scope of the Policy and ProceduresThis Policy is intended to provide the Boston University community with a clearly articulated set of behavioral standards, definitions of prohibited conduct, and key concepts. The Policy applies to all community members, including students, faculty, staff, affiliates, visitors, applicants for admission or employment, and independent contractors. Vendors and others who conduct business with the University or on BU property are also expected to comply with this Policy. The Policy applies regardless of a person’s gender, gender identity, gender expression, sexual orientation, age, race, nationality, class status, religion, or other protected status. This Policy addresses sexual harassment as defined under Title IX, or other sexual misconduct prohibited by federal or state laws. It sets forth the University’s definitions of and approaches to addressing sexual harassment and other sexual misconduct. Separate definitions and procedures are provided for addressing conduct falling under Title IX (“Title IX Sexual Misconduct”) and conduct falling under other laws or this Policy prohibiting discrimination and harassment based on sex (“Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct”). This Policy covers Title IX Sexual Misconduct, as defined below, against a person in the United States, occurring within the context of a University education program or activity. An “education program or activity” includes locations, events, or circumstances over which the University exercises substantial control over both the respondent and the context in which the sexual harassment occurs, and also includes any building owned or controlled by a student organization that is officially recognized by Boston University. In order to bring a complaint under Title IX, the complaining party must be participating in, or attempting to participate in, the recipient’s education program or activity at the time of filing a formal complaint. This Policy also covers Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct occurring both on-campus and off-campus, if the conduct was in connection with a University or University-recognized education program or activity, or if the conduct may have the effect of creating a hostile learning, working, or living environment for a member of the BU community. Summary of Policy Sections Sections III and IV define prohibited conduct and include scenarios illustrating Title IX Sexual Misconduct and Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct, and provide additional definitions of important concepts such as consent, incapacitation, and force. Section V identifies on- and off-campus resources for all members of the BU community, including information about where to access resources in a confidential manner. Sections VI and VII describe how a member of the University community can report Title IX Sexual Misconduct or Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct and describes available supportive measures. Section VIII explains the role of the Title IX Coordinator and Deputy Title IX Coordinators, and describes the procedures used to review allegations of Title IX Sexual Misconduct and Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct. Sections IX and X outline the University’s prevention, education, and training efforts. Because Boston University recognizes that sexual assault, harassment, discrimination and other forms of sexual misconduct can have a profound impact on a person’s personal, academic, and work life, the University encourages anyone coping with such a situation to seek help and support. Sections XI and XII include a list of on-campus resources available to those affected by sexual misconduct and the extent to which such resources have reporting obligations or may maintain the confidentiality of a report of sexual misconduct. Students who are uncertain of their options or simply need help should call the Sexual Assault Response and Prevention Center (SARP) at 617-353-7277. Faculty and staff may contact the Faculty and Staff Assistance Office (FSAO) at 617-353-5381 for assistance. These services are free of charge to members of the BU community. Summary of Sexual Misconduct Procedures The University has three distinct processes to address Sexual Misconduct. Which process is used depends on the nature of the misconduct that is alleged (Title IX and Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct) and the status of the person against whom the complaint is asserted (University student, faculty, staff, affiliate, or non-affiliate).
All of the University’s Sexual Misconduct Procedures provide at a minimum the following rights and process to the parties:
Disciplinary Process for Violations of University Sexual Misconduct Procedures The University applies different disciplinary processes for violations of its Sexual Misconduct Policy. Which disciplinary process is applied depends on the nature of the misconduct that is alleged (Title IX or Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct) and the status of the person against whom the complaint is asserted (University student, faculty, staff, affiliate, or non-affiliate).
In general, the disciplinary processes mentioned above will involve the following: Where a faculty or staff member is found to have violated the University’s Sexual Misconduct Policy, the applicable dean of a school or college or vice president of an administrative unit will determine sanctions and remedies in consultation with appropriate University administrators. Disciplinary sanctions involving the suspension or termination of faculty members will be conducted pursuant to the procedures outlined in the Faculty Handbook. Disciplinary sanctions imposed against staff members will be handled in accordance with the Non-Represented Employees Handbook or applicable collective bargaining agreement. Where a student is found to have violated the University’s Sexual Misconduct Policy, the Dean of Students will determine sanctions and remedies. For violations of the Sexual Misconduct Policy for faculty and staff, disciplinary sanctions may include (but are not limited to) the following:
For violation of the Sexual Misconduct Policy by University students, disciplinary sanctions may include (but are not limited to) the following:
III. Prohibited Conduct And DefinitionsThis section describes prohibited sexual misconduct and definitions under Title IX (Title IX Sexual Misconduct), this Policy, or other laws or regulations (Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct). The Title IX regulations issued by the United States Office for Civil Rights provide definitions of specific conduct prohibited under Title IX. The University’s commitment to eradicating sexual misconduct extends to other conduct that does not fall within those definitions. A. Title IX Sexual MisconductTitle IX Sexual Misconduct is conduct on the basis of sex against a person in the United States, occurring within the context of an education program or activity, which satisfies one or more of the following definitions: 1. Quid Pro Quo Sexual Harassment – A University employee conditions the provision of an aid, benefit, or service of the University on a person’s participation in unwelcome sexual conduct. 2. Sexual Harassment – Unwelcome conduct that a reasonable person would determine to be so severe, pervasive, and objectively offensive that it effectively denies a person equal access to the University’s education program or activity. 3. Sexual Assault– Any sexual act directed against another person, without that person’s consent (including instances where the victim is incapable of giving consent), and includes each of the following: a. Forcible Rape – (i) sexual intercourse, or (ii) oral or anal sexual intercourse, or (iii) use of an object or instrument to unlawfully penetrate, however slightly, the genital or anal opening of the body of another person, either (A) forcibly and/or against that person’s will, or (B) against the person’s will in instances where the victim is incapable of giving consent because of his/her youth or because of his/her temporary or permanent mental or physical incapacity; b. Fondling – touching of the private body parts of another person for the purpose of sexual gratification, forcibly and/or against that person’s will or not forcibly or not against the person’s will in instances where the victim is incapable of giving consent because of his/her youth or because of his/her temporary or permanent mental or physical incapacity. c. Incest – nonforcible sexual intercourse between persons who are related to each other within the degrees wherein marriage is prohibited by law. d. Statutory Rape – nonforcible sexual intercourse with a person who is under the statutory age of consent. 4. Dating Violence – Violence committed by a person who is or has been in a social relationship of a romantic or intimate nature with the victim; and where the existence of such a relationship shall be determined based on a consideration of (a) the length of the relationship, (b) the type of relationship, and (c) the frequency of interaction between the persons involved in the relationship. 5. Domestic Violence – Felony or misdemeanor crimes of violence committed by a current or former spouse or intimate partner of the victim, by a person with whom the victim shares a child in common, by a person who is cohabitating with or has cohabitated with the victim as a spouse or intimate partner, by a person similarly situated to a spouse of the victim under the domestic or family violence laws of the jurisdiction receiving grant monies, or by any other person against an adult or youth victim who is protected from that person’s acts under the domestic or family violence laws of the jurisdiction. 6. Stalking – Engaging in a course of conduct directed at a specific person that would cause a reasonable person to (a) fear for his, her or their safety or the safety of others; or (b) suffer substantial emotional distress. B. Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct“Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct” is a broad, non-legal term that encompasses a wide range of behaviors that are prohibited by this Policy or federal and state law, including but not limited to, sexual harassment, sexual assault, rape, acquaintance rape, stalking, and relationship violence (including dating and domestic violence). Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct includes conduct occurring both on-campus and off-campus, if the conduct was in connection with a University or University-recognized education program or activity, or if the conduct may have the effect of creating a hostile environment for a member of the BU community. It is a violation of University Policy and/or applicable law to commit or to attempt to commit any of the acts listed below. 1. Sexual Assault– Actual or attempted sexual contact with another person without that person’s consent that includes, but is not limited to:
See Section III for the definitions of consent, incapacitation, and force. 2. Sexual Harassment – Unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature that has the effect of creating a hostile or stressful living, learning, or working environment, or whenever toleration of such conduct or rejection of it is the basis for an academic or employment decision affecting an individual. Conduct is considered “unwelcome” if the person did not request or invite it and considered the conduct to be undesirable or offensive. Sexual harassment includes any conduct or incident that is sufficiently serious that it is likely to limit or deny a student’s ability to participate in or benefit from the University’s educational program or activity or a faculty or staff member’s ability to work, which may include a single incident of sexual assault or other serious sexual misconduct. Examples of Sexual Harassment. Sexual harassment can take many forms, and can:
The following non-exhaustive list includes examples of behavior that could be considered sexual harassment:
Hostile Environment A hostile environment exists when sexual or sex-based harassment is sufficiently serious to deny or limit a student’s ability to participate in or benefit from the University’s programs or activities or has the effect of unreasonably interfering with an employee’s work performance or altering the terms and conditions of the employee’s employment. A hostile environment can be created by anyone involved in a University program or activity (e.g., administrators, faculty members, students, and campus visitors). In determining whether sex-based harassment has created a hostile environment, the University considers the conduct in question from both a subjective and objective perspective. It will be necessary, but not enough, that the conduct was unwelcome to the student who was harassed. The University will also need to find that a reasonable person in the student’s position would have perceived the conduct as undesirable or offensive in order for that conduct to create or contribute to a hostile environment. To determine whether a hostile environment exists for a student or employee, the University will consider a variety of factors related to the severity, persistence, or pervasiveness of the sex-based harassment, including: (1) the type, frequency, and duration of the conduct; (2) the identity and relationships of persons involved; (3) the number of individuals involved; (4) the location of the conduct and the context in which it occurred; and (5) the degree to which the conduct affected the student’s education or the employee’s employment. The more severe the sex-based harassment, the less need there is to show a repetitive series of incidents to find a hostile environment. Indeed, a single instance of sexual assault may be sufficient to create a hostile environment. Likewise, a series of incidents may be sufficient even if the sex-based harassment is not particularly severe. 3. Sexual Exploitation– Occurs when a person takes sexual advantage of another person for the benefit of anyone other than that person, without that person’s consent. Examples of sexual exploitation:
4. Stalking – A course of conduct involving more than one instance of inappropriate and unwanted attention, harassment, threatening or intimidating physical or verbal contact, or any other course of conduct directed at a person that could be reasonably regarded as likely to alarm or place that person in fear of harm or injury, including physical, emotional, or psychological harm. This includes the use of technology to pursue, harass, threaten, intimidate, or otherwise make unwelcome contact with another person. Stalking may involve people who are known to one another or have an intimate or sexual relationship, or may involve people not known to one another. Stalking is prohibited by Massachusetts law. Stalking can also constitute a violation of this Policy when the conduct involves a Boston University student or employee and is gender-based. Examples of Stalking.
5. Relationship Violence (Dating and Domestic)– Abuse, violence, or intentionally controlling behavior between partners or former partners involving one or more of the following elements: (i) battering that causes bodily injury; (ii) purposely or knowingly causing reasonable apprehension of bodily injury; (iii) emotional abuse creating apprehension of bodily injury or property damage; (iv) repeated telephonic, electronic, or other forms of communication — anonymously or directly — made with the intent to intimidate, terrify, harass, or threaten. Relationship violence can occur in all types of relationships (e.g., heterosexual, same sex, or any other type of relationship). Relationship violence may constitute a violation of this Policy when it involves a Boston University student, faculty or staff member, and the conduct is gender-based. Examples of Relationship Violence
C. RetaliationAs described below, it is a violation of Massachusetts and federal law, including Title IX, and a violation of this Policy to retaliate against a person for making a report or complaint of Title IX Sexual Misconduct or Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct or for participating in or declining to participate in an investigation or grievance procedure related to such a report or complaint. Neither the University nor any person may intimidate, threaten, coerce, or discriminate against any individual for the purpose of interfering with any right or privilege secured by Title IX or this Policy, or because the individual has made a report or complaint, testified, assisted, or participated or refused to participate in any manner in an investigation, proceeding, or hearing under Title IX or this Policy. Per se retaliation: retaliation under Title IX, this Policy, or applicable law includes intimidation, threats, coercion, or discrimination, including charges against an individual for code of conduct violations that do not involve sex discrimination or sexual harassment, but arise out of the same facts or circumstances as a report or complaint of sex discrimination, or a report or formal complaint of sexual harassment, for the purpose of interfering with any right or privilege secured by Title IX. Per se retaliation exception: It does not constitute retaliation under Title IX or this policy to charge an individual with a code of conduct violation for making a materially false statement in bad faith in the course of a Title IX grievance proceeding, provided, however, that a determination regarding responsibility, alone, is not sufficient to conclude that any party made a materially false statement in bad faith. Examples of Retaliation
IV. Other Important Concepts and DefinitionsThese concepts and definitions are applicable to cases involving Title IX Sexual Misconduct and Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct. A. ConsentConsent must be informed and voluntary, and can be withdrawn at any time. Consent can be given by words or actions as long as those words or actions create mutually understandable permission regarding the scope of sexual activity. There is no consent when there is force, expressed or implied, or when coercion, intimidation, threats, or duress is used. Whether a person has taken advantage of a position of influence over another person may be a factor in determining consent. Silence or absence of resistance does not imply consent. Past consent to sexual activity with another person does not imply ongoing future consent with that person or consent to that same sexual activity with another person. If a person is mentally or physically incapacitated or impaired so that he, she, or they cannot understand the fact, nature, or extent of the sexual situation, there is no consent; this includes impairment or incapacitation due to alcohol or drug consumption that meets this standard, or being asleep or unconscious. Effect of drugs and alcohol on consent: Individuals should be aware of, and carefully consider, the potential consequences of the use of alcohol or drugs. Alcohol and other drugs can lower inhibitions and create an atmosphere of confusion over whether consent is freely and affirmatively given. If there is a question about whether someone consented to sexual activity after consuming drugs or alcohol, the University will examine the issue from the perspective of a reasonable person. Specifically, the University will consider whether the respondent reasonably should have known about the impact of alcohol and other drugs on the complainant’s ability to give consent. B. IncapacitationIncapacitation is the inability, temporarily or permanently, to give consent, because the person is mentally and/or physically helpless due to drug or alcohol consumption, either voluntarily or involuntarily, or the person is unconscious, asleep, or otherwise unaware that the sexual activity is occurring. Some signs of incapacitation may include, but are not limited to, lack of control over physical movements (e.g., stumbling, falling down), lack of awareness of circumstances or surroundings, inability to speak or communicate orally, or the inability to communicate for any reason. It is a violation of this Policy or federal or Massachusetts laws, to engage in sexual activity with a person who is incapacitated, regardless of whether the person appeared to be a willing participant. It is especially important, therefore, that anyone engaging in sexual activity be aware of the other person’s level of intoxication. C. ForceThe use of force to cause someone to engage in sexual activity is, by definition, non-consensual contact, and is prohibited. Force may include words, conduct, or appearance. Force includes causing another’s intoxication or impairment through the use of drugs or alcohol. Under this Policy, force includes the use of any of the following: 1. Physical Force, Violence, or a Weapon Example: Steve and Melissa return to his room after a party. They consensually begin kissing and touching each other. Steve wants to have sex, but Melissa tells him that she does not want to go that far. When Melissa tries to get off the bed and leave the room, Steve holds her down and they have sex. Steve’s use of force renders the sexual intercourse non-consensual and violates this Policy. 2. Threats Example: Josh and Lucas meet at a party. Josh confides in Lucas that he has recently “come out” to a few close friends, but most people do not know he is gay. Josh worries how people will react if they knew. As the evening progresses, Lucas and Josh start kissing. Lucas wants to have sex, but Josh tells him he is not ready for that. Lucas threatens to “out” Josh on Instagram and Twitter if he does not have sex with him. Out of fear for his reputation, Josh submits to Lucas even though he really does not want to. Any sexual activity that then occurs is forced sexual contact and violates this Policy. 3. Intimidation and Implied Threats Example: Dylan is a popular senior and the captain of a sports team on campus. He has brought Grace, who is a first-year female athlete at school, to a fraternity party. Grace would not have been able to get into the party if it was not for Dylan’s influence. Later in the evening, Grace wants to leave, but Dylan blocks her way with his body. He is significantly bigger than she is and she cannot get around him. Dylan starts to kiss and touch Grace, but she tells him to stop. Dylan tells Grace he can make sure she gets into all the big parties on campus this year, which would help her relationship with her new teammates (implying he could turn the team against her). Grace does not want to be with Dylan, but she is worried about the impact he could have on her social and athletic life if she refuses. If Grace submits to Dylan out of his implied threats and abuse of his status, it may constitute forced sexual contact in violation of this Policy. 4. Coercion. Coercion is to force one to act based on fear of harm to self or others. Means of coercion may include, but are not limited to, pressure, threats, or emotional intimidation. Example: Hannah’s parents both died recently and she has been having a hard time focusing this semester. Owen, a friend of Hannah’s, comes to her room to watch a movie with her. When Hannah starts crying and becomes upset, Owen hugs and comforts her. Eventually Hannah and Owen start kissing and touching one another. Hannah wants to stop, but Owen tells her “you’ve made me so hot, how can you stop now?” When Hannah tells Owen she wants to be alone, Owen tells Hannah that it isn’t cool to leave him like this, especially when he came over to help her. Hannah is confused and emotionally vulnerable. Owen implies that Hannah “owes him sex” after all he has done to support her. Owen continues to pressure Hannah until she eventually submits to his advances. Owen’s conduct constitutes coercion in that he pressured Hannah into additional sexual contact that was not freely chosen, in violation of this Policy. D. Miscellaneous DefinitionsComplainant: The person making the allegations of sexual misconduct. Respondent: The person against whom a complaint of sexual misconduct has been made. Reporter: A person who has information that sexual misconduct may have been committed by a University student or a participant in a University program and who initiates a complaint. V. Campus and Community ResourcesAs outlined here and in the “Resources and Support” section at the end of this Policy, a variety of support and counseling resources are available to students and employees of the Boston University community affected by Title IX Sexual Misconduct and Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct. Contact information for the resources described here is available in Section X. A. Emergency / Immediate AssistanceThe University encourages all community members affected by Title IX Sexual Misconduct and Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct to seek immediate assistance. Doing so promptly may be important to ensure the person’s physical safety or to obtain medical care or other support. It may be helpful to preserve evidence, which can assist the University and/or law enforcement in proving that the alleged criminal offense occurred or may be helpful in obtaining a protective order. Confidential assistance is available to BU students free of charge 24 hours a day, 7 days a week (by phone at 617-353-SARP). For emergency assistance, community members should call the BU Police Department at 617-353-2121. Students or employees who wish to obtain information or notify law enforcement are encouraged to contact the Boston University Police Department (BUPD). BUPD will assist or provide information to members of the University community about how to obtain a court-issued protective order. BUPD will also provide information on law enforcement investigations, and civil or criminal processes available to students and employees. BUPD, the University Title IX Coordinator or their designee will advise students and employees on how to obtain a lawful court-issued protective order or an institution-issued no-contact directive or a No Trespass Order against an alleged perpetrator of the sexual misconduct. The institution’s process for investigating sexual misconduct complaints and external civil and criminal processes may run concurrently. Members of the University community who have obtained a court issued protective order are encouraged to inform BUPD of that order at the earliest possible time, by contacting BUPD directly. B. Privacy and ConfidentialityBoston University values the privacy of its students or employees. BU wants all students or employees to seek the assistance they need without fear that the information they provide will be shared more broadly than they would like. Federal and state laws, however, impose reporting obligations on certain University employees that require them to disclose information from a report of Title IX Sexual Misconduct and Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct with those University employees responsible for responding to such a report. However, there are individuals at Boston University who are not subject to these reporting requirements, with whom students, faculty, and staff can speak in complete confidence. The table in Section XI summarizes the confidentiality protections and reporting obligations of various BU employees and offices. Even when University employees have an obligation to report to others, which means their office is described as “non-confidential” under this Policy, they will protect and respect an individual’s privacy to the greatest extent possible and share information only on a need-to-know basis. Any of the staff listed as Resources will be able to explain their respective reporting obligations in more detail. C. Confidential Campus Resources and SupportThe University encourages all members of the BU community to report any incident of Title IX Sexual Misconduct or Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct. The University recognizes, however, that not every person will choose to make a formal report with the University or with local law enforcement. For those who are not prepared to make a report or pursue a complaint, the University provides confidential advocacy, crisis and pastoral counseling, and medical services on campus. Conversations with these individuals are confidential (except as described in Section XI). They can explain options for obtaining additional support from the University and off-campus resources. They can also arrange for medical care and accompany complainants, or arrange for someone to accompany complainants, to seek such care. Complainants may use these resources to talk to someone about an incident of Title IX Sexual Misconduct or Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct in a confidential manner whether or not they decide to make an official report or to participate in the University complaint resolution process or the criminal justice system. Conferring with these resources will not trigger an investigation by the University or law enforcement. However, these offices are familiar with the University’s complaint resolution processes, can explain what to expect, and can provide support while University or criminal processes are pending. D. Non-Confidential Campus ResourcesIn addition to the confidential resources discussed above, all members of the BU community have access to a variety of individuals who are trained to support those affected by Title IX Sexual Misconduct or Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct and to coordinate with the Title IX Coordinator consistent with the University’s commitment to a safe and healthy campus environment. While not bound by confidentiality, these resources will nevertheless maintain the privacy of a person’s information within the limited circle of those involved in the Title IX Sexual Misconduct or Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct investigation and resolution processes. 1. Title IX Coordinator.The Title IX Coordinator is responsible for overseeing the University’s response to Title IX reports and complaints, and identifying and addressing any patterns or systemic problems revealed by such reports and complaints. The University Title IX Coordinator’s contact information is in Section X. 2. Deputy Title IX Coordinators. The Deputy Title IX Coordinators are individuals located in academic departments, and some administrative departments, who are trained to assist students and employees in their departments with complaints or concerns about sexual misconduct, and direct them to the resources they need. They report all complaints and concerns to the University Title IX Coordinator, and work closely with the Title IX Coordinator in promptly responding to a person’s concerns. The Deputy Coordinators can help with supportive measures that a complainant or respondent may need during the investigation of a complaint. Contact information for the Deputy Title IX Coordinators is in Section X. 3. Boston University Police Department. Complainants may report Title IX Sexual Misconduct or Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct to the Boston University Police Department (“BUPD”), the Boston Police Department, the Brookline Police Department, and/or the local law enforcement agency or District Attorney’s office where the misconduct occurred. The University complaint resolution procedures and the criminal justice system work independently from one another and neither BUPD nor other law enforcement officials determine whether a violation of this Policy has occurred. Confidential resources, the Dean of Students Office, the Judicial Affairs Office (JA), and BUPD can explain how to report sexual assault and other forms of sexual misconduct to law enforcement. Although confidential resources or BUPD personnel may accompany any student requesting support to the appropriate Police Department or District Attorney’s Office, they are not able to provide legal advice on these matters. E. Off-Campus ResourcesStudents or employees may also access resources located in the local community. The organizations and agencies listed in Section X can provide crisis intervention services, counseling, medical attention, and legal assistance. All members of the BU community are encouraged to utilize the resources that are best suited to their needs, whether on or off campus. In general, off-campus resources can provide assistance to those who wish to make a report to the University, but will not notify the University without the consent of the complainant. VI. Reporting Sexual MisconductBoston University encourages all students or employees to report incidents of Title IX Sexual Misconduct and Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct as promptly as possible so that the University can respond effectively. Students may report Title IX Sexual Misconduct and Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct to the Dean of Students, the Judicial Affairs Office(“JA”), the Title IX Coordinator, a Deputy Title IX Coordinator or BUPD. Faculty and staff may report incidents to the Title IX Coordinator, a Deputy Title IX Coordinator, a supervisor, a Dean, or a department head. All such reports will be disclosed to the Title IX Coordinator. The University recognizes that student complainants may be most comfortable disclosing Title IX Sexual Misconduct or Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct to a University employee they know well, such as a faculty member, coach, or resident adviser (“RA”). Students are welcome to speak with them, but should understand that if they disclose an incident of Title IX Sexual Misconduct or Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct to these individuals, they are required to inform the Title IX Coordinator about the incident. However, employees whose positions legally require confidentiality (e.g., counseling staff and clergy and others who are confidential resources identified in Section XI) are not required to make a disclosure to the Title IX Coordinator. Similarly, faculty and staff members may be most comfortable disclosing Title IX Sexual Misconduct or Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct to a trusted supervisor or manager. Faculty and staff should keep in mind that supervisors and managers must share this information with the Title IX Coordinator. Before an individual discloses an incident of Title IX Sexual Misconduct or Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct, University faculty and staff will try to ensure that the individual understands their reporting obligations — and, if the individual wishes to maintain confidentiality, direct them to confidential resources. Section X identifies the confidential resources available to students, faculty, and staff who do not wish to file a complaint or initiate an investigation, or who would like to better understand their options. A. Reports to a Non-Confidential Resource: Requests for ConfidentialityThe University has designated the Title IX Coordinator and a small number of other University administrators to evaluate requests for confidentiality and oversee the University’s response to reports of Title IX Sexual Misconduct or Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct where the complainant has disclosed an incident of Title IX Sexual Misconduct or Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct to an employee who must report the incident and also requested that his or her identity not be disclosed or that no action be taken. In the case of Sexual Misconduct complaints, the Title IX Coordinator, in consultation with a small number of key University administrators, will weigh the request against the University’s obligation to provide a safe, non-discriminatory environment for all students, including the complainant. When weighing a request that no investigation be pursued or the complainant’s identity not be disclosed, the Title IX Coordinator and the appropriate University administrators will consider a range of factors, including whether:
The presence of one or more of these factors could lead the University to investigate and, if appropriate, pursue conduct action against the respondent. If none of these factors are present, the University will likely respect the complainant’s request. If the University honors a request for confidentiality or decision not to participate in an investigation, the University’s ability to meaningfully investigate the incident or pursue conduct action against the respondent(s) may be limited. In some cases, the University may not be able to honor a confidentiality request in order to adhere to its obligation to provide a safe, non-discriminatory environment for the BU community. If the Title IX Coordinator determines that the University cannot maintain a complainant’s confidentiality, the Title IX Coordinator will inform the complainant prior to starting an investigation. B. Supportive MeasuresBoston University provides a range of supportive measures for complainants and respondents both prior to and after the filing of a formal complaint, or when no formal complaint is filed. Requests for supportive measures can be made by or on behalf of the complainant or respondent to the University Title IX Coordinator or a Deputy Title IX Coordinator. Students may also seek assistance from the Dean of Students Office. The Title IX Coordinator will work with the appropriate office(s) to ensure that any appropriate supportive measures are promptly provided. For more information about supportive measures and support, see Student Procedures Section VII, and Faculty and Staff Procedures, Section V. Upon the receipt of a report of Title IX Sexual Misconduct or Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct, and until any investigation into the report has been completed, the University will provide reasonable supportive measures to restore or preserve equal access to provide a safe educational and work environment and to prevent additional acts of Title IX Sexual Misconduct or Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct, even when there is no specific request for protective action. The University may impose measures that can be tailored to the parties involved to achieve the goals of this Policy. In addition, the University will maintain as confidential any accommodations or protective measures provided to the extent that maintaining such confidentiality would not impair the ability of the University to provide the accommodations or protective measures, for example, disclosing to a respondent and BUPD the name of the complainant in order to comply with a no-contact order. The University may remove a respondent from campus on an emergency basis after an individualized safety and risk review. In cases involving Title IX Sexual Misconduct, it may do so only if it determines that there is an immediate threat to the physical health or safety of a student or other person arising from the allegations that justifies removal. In such cases, the respondent will be provided with notice and an opportunity to challenge the decision immediately following the removal. An individual’s failure to comply with restrictions imposed by supportive measures is a violation of this Policy and a basis for disciplinary action. Outside the University, a complainant may also be entitled to obtain remedies under applicable law, such as a judicial restraining order. The University can assist in contacting law enforcement or legal service organizations to learn about these remedies. C. Protections for Individuals Who Report Sexual Misconduct (“Amnesty”)Boston University encourages the reporting of all concerns regarding sexual misconduct. In some instances, students may be hesitant to report Sexual Misconduct because they fear they may be charged with other policy violations, such as underage alcohol consumption or violation of the University’s drug policy. Because BU’s primary interest is in protecting the well-being of its community and remedying Sexual Misconduct, a person who reports such misconduct, either as a complainant or a third party witness, will not be subject to disciplinary sanction for a violation of the University’s Code of Student Responsibilities to the incident unless the report was not made in good faith or the violation was egregious. The University recognizes alcohol or drugs may impact consent. Therefore, a student’s personal consumption of alcohol or drugs at or near the time of the incident will not subject a student who reports sexual misconduct (whether as a complainant or witness) to disciplinary sanction for a violation of the University’s Code of Student Responsibilities, including for his or her own personal consumption of alcohol or other drugs at or near the time of the alleged misconduct, provided that any such violations did not and do not place the health or safety of any other person at risk. However, the use of alcohol or drugs does not excuse conduct prohibited under this Policy and a person who has been incapacitated through the use of alcohol and drugs (or by any other means) cannot give effective consent to sexual activity. The University may initiate an educational discussion or pursue other educational remedies regarding alcohol or other drugs. VII. Other Information Related to Reporting Sexual MisconductA. Time for ReportingAlthough all members of the Boston University community are encouraged to report Title IX Sexual Misconduct and Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct immediately in order to maximize the University’s ability to respond promptly and equitably, the University does not limit the timeframe for reporting. However, the University’s ability to investigate and respond effectively may be reduced with the passage of time. B. Anonymous Reports and Reports from Third PartiesAny person may make an anonymous report concerning an act of Title IX Sexual Misconduct or Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct. A person may report the incident without disclosing his/her/their name, identifying the respondent, or requesting any action. Depending on the level of information available about the incident and the people involved, however, the University’s ability to respond to an anonymous report may be limited. Anonymous reports may be made by submitting the Incident Report Form to the University Title IX Coordinator or one of the Deputy Title IX Coordinators. A complainant who wishes to file a formal complaint cannot remain anonymous or prevent their identity from being disclosed to the respondent. Where a complainant wishes to remain anonymous, or does not want to participate in the investigation process, the University Title IX Coordinator may determine that it is necessary to initiate an investigation and adjudication process with the information provided but without the involvement of the complainant in order to protect the educational community or to ensure that the University is not being deliberately indifferent to sexual misconduct of which it has actual knowledge. In cases in which the report was made anonymously or by a third party (such as a friend, roommate, adviser, or faculty member), this Policy will apply in the same manner as if the complainant had made the initial report. A Title IX Coordinator or member of the OJA staff will make every effort to meet with the complainant to discuss available options, including supportive measures, and on-campus and off-campus resources. C. Reporting of Crime and Disciplinary StatisticsThe Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act (“Clery Act”) is a federal law that requires the University to record and report certain information about campus safety, including the number of incidents of certain crimes on or near campus, some of which constitute sexual misconduct under this Policy. As described in the chart in Section XI, many BU employees who receive reports of sexual misconduct are required by the Clery Act to notify BUPD about such incidents for statistical reporting purposes, without the inclusion of personally identifiable information, as defined by the Violence Against Women Act. These notifications may include the classification and location of the reported crimes, but do not identify the parties involved. The Clery Act also requires the University to issue a “timely warning” when it receives a report of certain crimes that pose a serious or continuing threat to the University community. This warning will not contain any biographical or other identifying information regarding the victim of the crime. Immediately threatening circumstances include, but are not limited to, recently reported incidents of sexual misconduct that include the use of force, a weapon, or other circumstances that represent a serious and ongoing threat to students or employees. D. Public Awareness EventsThe University supports public awareness events that further campus-wide education and prevention efforts. A survivor’s public disclosure of incidents of sexual misconduct at these events will not be considered a report to the University for the purpose of initiating an investigation of a particular incident. In addition, the University may, from time-to-time, conduct climate surveys to gauge the BU community’s attitudes about sexual misconduct and awareness of campus resources. These voluntary surveys will contribute to the University’s understanding of the campus climate and student safety at BU. The disclosure of incidents of sexual misconduct in responses to survey questions will not be considered a report to the University for the purpose of initiating an investigation of a particular incident. E. Filing a Criminal Complaint and Coordination with Law EnforcementBoston University encourages complainants to pursue criminal action
for incidents of sexual harassment or other sexual misconduct that may also be crimes under Massachusetts law. In general, the University, through the Chief of the BUPD, will notify the Boston, Brookline or other appropriate local police department of allegations of sexual violence. Boston, Brookline, and other local police departments are also likely to inform BUPD of sexual misconduct that is reported by Boston University students, faculty or staff, or that took place on Boston University
property. When BUPD learns of sexual misconduct from an outside police department, it will notify the Title IX Coordinator. VIII. Title IX/Sexual Misconduct ReviewA. Role of the Title IX CoordinatorThe Title IX Coordinator oversees the University’s centralized review, investigation, and resolution procedures for reports of sexual harassment or other sexual misconduct and coordinates the University’s compliance with Title IX. The Title IX Coordinator is supported by a team of University administrators who serve as Deputy Title IX Coordinators. Each Deputy Title IX Coordinator is knowledgeable and trained in state and federal laws that apply to matters of sexual misconduct, as well as this Policy and the complaint resolution procedures. A complete list of the Deputy Title IX Coordinators is available here. The Title IX and Deputy Title IX Coordinators can be contacted by telephone, e-mail, or in person during regular office hours. They can provide information related to campus and community resources and describe the options available to address concerns related to sexual misconduct. The duties and responsibilities of the Title IX Coordinator include training, education, climate assessments, and the oversight of procedures that are designed to promptly and equitably end sexual misconduct, prevent its recurrence, and address its effect on persons and the University community as a whole. The Title IX Coordinator, with the assistance of Deputy Title IX Coordinators as appropriate, will:
The Title IX Coordinator and the Deputy Title IX Coordinators will meet with any person, including a complainant, respondent, or third party, to discuss supportive measures, resources, and procedural options for on-campus and off-campus reporting. Any student, faculty, or staff member who has concerns about sexual misconduct, including sexual assault, discrimination, or harassment, is encouraged to seek the assistance of the University’s Title IX Coordinator or any of the Deputy Title IX Coordinators. B. Procedures for Responding to Title IX Sexual Misconduct and Non-Title IX Sexual MisconductThe Title IX Coordinator oversees the response to and assessment of reports of Title IX Sexual Misconduct or Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct, through the University’s sexual misconduct investigation and resolution procedures. The procedure used will be determined by the status of the respondent and the nature of the complaint:
IX. Prevention and EducationBoston University expects all community members to take reasonable and prudent actions to prevent or stop an act of sexual misconduct. Taking action may include direct intervention, calling law enforcement, or seeking assistance from a person in authority. Members of the BU community who intervene to prevent or stop sexual misconduct will be supported by the University and protected from retaliation. Read more about SARP’s education, awareness, and training program. X. TrainingIn connection with its obligations under Title IX and applicable law, Boston University is committing to ensuring appropriate training for its Title IX Coordinator, Deputy Title IX Coordinators, advisors, hearing officers, decision-makers, all persons who facilitate an informal resolution process, law
enforcement personnel, “responsible employees,” victim advocates, and others involved in responding to, investigating, or adjudicating sexual misconduct. Training materials will be made publicly available on the University’s website. XI. Resources and SupportThe contact information for the resources listed here was confirmed at the time of the Policy’s publication in August 2020. Up-to-date contact information can always be found on the University’s Safety website. Confidential On-Campus Crisis Intervention, Support, Advocacy, and Health ResourcesStudent Resources Sexual Assault Response & Prevention Center (SARP) (for student complainants) Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation (for student respondents) Student Health Services/Behavioral Medicine 881W Commonwealth Ave., 1st Floor Medical Department Behavioral Medicine Employee Resources Faculty & Staff Assistance Office (for employees) Medical Campus Community Resources (students and employees)Confidential Resource Providers Confidential Resource Providers will share information on reporting options and the effects of each option, counseling services available on campus and through local, community-based rape crisis or domestic violence centers, medical and health services available on and off-campus. They will also provide a summary of available supportive measures related to academic and residence life, and employment, explain BU’S disciplinary process or the legal process carried out through local law enforcement agencies, notify the reporting party of their rights and BU’s responsibilities in obtaining a criminal protection order (209A/258E), BU No Contact Directive, BU No Trespass Order. Denita Johnson, 264 Bay State Rd, 617-353-1634, Office of the Ombuds Medical Campus University Chaplains Charles River Campus Non-Confidential Campus ResourcesCommunity Resources (students and employees) University Title IX Coordinator 888 Commonwealth Ave., Suite 303 Deputy Title IX Coordinators and their contact information BU has designated more than 50 professional staff members as Title IX Deputies. They are strategically placed throughout BU to serve as a local resource to students or employees. Deputies are trained in responding to disclosures of sexual misconduct and can provide the following information: reporting options and the effects of each option, counseling services available on campus and through local, community-based rape crisis or domestic violence centers, medical and health services available on and off-campus, available school or work-based supportive measures related to academic and residence life, and employment, explain BU’s disciplinary process and explain that the legal process is carried out through local law enforcement agencies, the right to obtain a lawful protection order, and a BU No Contact Directive and No Trespass Order. Boston University Police Department Dean of Students Office (Students) George Sherman Union, Second Floor Judicial Affairs (Students) 25 Buick Street, Suite 150 Equal Opportunity Office (Faculty and Staff) Human Resources (Faculty
and Staff) Medical Campus Student Resources University Service Center Student Financial Assistance Off-Campus Counseling, Advocacy Resources, and Legal Resources (including assistance with or referrals for visa and immigration matters)Boston Area Rape Crisis Center (BARCC) Victim Rights Law Center (VRLC) Fenway Health Violence Recovery Program Safelink MA Statewide Domestic Violence Hotline (Casa Myrna) SafeLink is Massachusetts’ statewide 24/7 toll-free domestic violence hotline and a resource for anyone affected by domestic or dating violence. SafeLink provides referrals and advocate services. The National Domestic Violence Hotline The National Domestic Violence Hotline provides information, assists with safety planning and
referrals for counseling or legal services. The National Sexual Violence Hotline (RAINN) RAINN provides information, local referrals, and advocacy services. Pathways to Safety (for Americans abroad) Pathways offers specialized safety planning, advocacy, and long-term case management for American overseas victims living with an abuser or after the relationship has ended. Case managers have the tools and knowledge to assist survivors abroad and/or after returning to the U.S. Off-Campus Law Enforcement ResourcesBoston Police Department Boston Police Department Sexual Assault Unit Boston Police Department Boston Police Sexual Assault Unit Brookline Police Department Brookline Police Detective Bureau Massachusetts State Police Off-Campus Medical/Healthcare ResourcesA medical provider can provide emergency and/or follow-up medical services as appropriate, and a person can discuss any related health care concerns in a confidential medical setting. The medical examination has two primary goals: (i) to diagnose and treat the full extent of any injury or physical effect (sexually transmitted infection or pregnancy) and (ii) to properly collect and preserve evidence. There is a limited window of time within which to preserve physical and other forms of evidence (usually within 5 says or 120 hours of the sexual assault). Taking the steps to gather evidence immediately does not commit a person to any course of action. To locate a SANE nurse, visit the Boston Region Designated Hospitals website at: https://www.mass.gov/service-details/adultadolescent-sane-services Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Emergency Department Note: Beth Israel Deaconess, along with Boston Medical Center and Brigham & Women’s Hospital are SANE designated hospitals that have specially trained Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners (“SANE”) on call. SARP can provide information on SANE, assist in coordinating a SANE visit, and accompany a student to the hospital for the exam. Government ResourcesThe resources listed here may provide additional assistance for those who would like to file an external complaint of sexual misconduct or students with inquiries regarding the application of Title IX and its implementing regulations. U.S. Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights U.S. Department of Justice, Office on Violence Against
Women U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services XII. Confidentiality Protections and Reporting ObligationsAs a reminder, confidential resources will not share information with anyone. Non-confidential resources are also required to respect the parties’ privacy to the greatest extent possible. They will disclose identifying information to others only on a need-to-know basis.
What impact did Title IX have on educational institutions in the United States quizlet?Title IX prohibited sex discrimination in educational institutions receiving federal funds from the United States government. It outlawed sex separate physical education classes and stated that schools had to provide either equal sport teams for girls or let the girls try out with the boys.
What is Title IX and how does it support you as a GCU student?It prohibits sex or gender discrimination in all educational activities or programs. A school must be proactive in ensuring that its campus is free from sexual-based discrimination, harassment or violence. Title IX protects students from facing retaliation, from any source, as a result of involvement with Title IX.
Which of the following is an example of a coercive tactic?Common coercion tactics include: guilt-tripping. making threats. emotional blackmail.
Which of these is an example of a bystander intervention?Step in and say or do something to stop the situation. For example, if someone is trying to take an intoxicated student to a room, you can directly intervene by taking the person aside and saying, “Hey man, she looks drunk. I do not think that's a good idea.”
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