______________ is the inner state that primarily causes an individual to behave in a way that ensures the accomplishment of some goal. Show A.Awareness E.Motivation Which of the following is a theory of motivation that emphasizes people's internal characteristics? A.Equity theory E.Content theory Marie is a motivation researcher who focuses her attention on the steps that take place when a person is motivated. This best fits with which motivation theory basic type? A.Content theory C.Process theory Kathryn feels she is underpaid for the job that she performs at Ballston Industries. Because of this, she has decided to seek a new position with better pay and benefits. This is an example of which motivation theory? A.Expectancy theory B.Equity theory Jesse feels
personal satisfaction when he mows his elderly neighbor's yard. This satisfaction comes directly from performing the task and is known as a(n) ___________ reward. C.intrinsic Quentin works hard at his fast food job because he wants the money the job pays. This is an example of a(n) ___________
reward. C.extrinsic` Which of the following refers to the top level of Maslow's hierarchy that focuses on maximizing an individual's potential? C.Self-actualization needs Anita wants to improve the efficiency of her department's use of resources beyond their current goals. She is very concerned with the success of her department. She wants all of her employees to exceed their goals because she wants everyone to constantly strive to reach higher. According to McClelland, Anita most likely has which of thefollowing? A.A low need for affiliation B.A low need for achievement C.A low need for power D.A high need for affiliation E.A high need for achievement E.A high need for achievement Kate gets significant enjoyment from interacting with her co-workers and feels she has strong interpersonal relationships with them. According to Alderfer's ERG Theory, this example involves Kate primarily fulfilling which need? B.Relatedness need Which of the following is the most basic motivation strategy for managers? E.Managerial communication In order to lessen the boredom that his employees feel, Steve is going to increase
the number of parts each employee assembles to allow for more variety in the job. This is an example of which job design strategy? A.Job enlargement In a marketing firm, workers are allowed to schedule the hours they start and end work as long as work is appropriately completed. This is an example
of _______. A.flextime __________ is a job design strategy that states that moving workers from job to job, rather than requiring them to perform only one simple job, will decrease boredom. a. Job rotation a. Job rotation McGregor's __________ is/are based on assumptions about human nature. a. job design theory c. theories of motivation Shannon, a marketing executive, compares his quarterly sales to those of others in his department. He feels demotivated when he realizes that he
is rewarded less even though he puts in the same amount of effort as others. a. a need for achievement b. that employees compare what they get from a job (outcomes) in relation to what they put into it (inputs), and then they compare their inputs-outcomes ratio with the inputs-outcomes ratios of relevant others c. an individual's basic needs like food and protection d. based on the assumption that individuals are not interested in or motivated to work b. that employees compare what they get from a job (outcomes) in relation to what they put into it (inputs), and then they compare their inputs-outcomes ratio with the inputs-outcomes ratios of relevant others Exercising self-direction is a behavior McGregor categorized to which theory? a. Theory X a. Theory X Which of the following is a characteristic of the motivation process stressed by the Porter-Lawler theory? a. An individual's satisfaction is not influenced by the perceived fairness of a given reward. b. An individual's behavior is determined by the motivation to fulfill his or her personal needs. c. An individual's effectiveness is determined by his or her perception of how others see him or her. d. An individual's effectiveness is determined by his or her ability to perform a task. d. An individual's effectiveness is determined by his or her ability to perform a task. The behavior modification theory emphasizes which of the following? a. Behaviors are functions of their consequences. b. Perceived inequities of an employment situation lead to changes in behavior. c. Intrinsic reward is the perceived value of a reward that comes from performing the task and resulting in satisfaction. d. A need is transformed into behavior directed at supporting, or allowing, the performance of goal behavior to reduce the felt need. a. Behaviors are functions of their consequences. The need for growth is a(n) __________. a. safety need c. self-actualization need The process theory of motivation is __________. a. based on the premise that felt needs cause human behavior b. an explanation of motivation that emphasizes the individual's perceived fairness of an employment situation and how perceived inequities can cause certain behaviors c. an explanation of motivation that emphasizes how individuals are motivated d. a motivation model that hypothesizes that felt needs cause human behavior c. an explanation of motivation that emphasizes how individuals are motivated Job enrichment is __________. a. the process of incorporating motivators into a job situation b. a way for workers to complete their job within a workweek of a normal number of hours that they arrange themselves c. a step to overcome job boredom by moving workers from job to job rather than requiring them to perform only one simple and specialized job over the long term d. when a manager increases the number of operations an individual performs a. the process of incorporating motivators into a job situation A company stock ownership plan is an example of which kind of motivation? a. Job
design b. Monetary incentive McGregor's theories of motivation are based on __________. a. assumptions about human nature a. assumptions about human nature __________ relates to the normal functioning of the body and includes the desires for water, food, rest, and sex. a. Esteem need d. Physiological need Motivation that begins with an individual feeling is known as __________. a. Argyris's maturity-immaturity continuum c. needs-goal theory According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the desire for respect is known as __________. a. esteem need a. esteem need According to McGregor's Theory Y, workers __________. a. who move from job to job, rather than performing only one simple and specialized job over the long term, are not bored b. exercise self-direction c. can be successful, depending upon the situation d. make negative assumptions about people b. exercise self-direction __________ is a strategy that managers can use to motivate organization members that involves designing jobs that organization members perform. a. Job rotation c. Job design In order to overcome the boredom of doing simple jobs, a manager may increase the number of operations an individual performs, which is known as __________. a. job enlargement a. job enlargement According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, a person's desire to be accepted by others is known as a __________. a. esteem need b. social need According to Alderfer's ERG theory, the basic category of existence need reflects an individual's need for __________. a. physical well-being b. self-respect and respect from others c. continuing personal growth and development d. satisfying interpersonal relationships a. physical well-being According to the Porter-Lawler theory of motivation, the extent to which an individual accomplishes a task is determined by the __________. a. individual's perception of what is required to perform the task b. individual's behavior as influenced by his or her needs c. individual's perception of what others think of him or her d. individual's opinion of how others perform tasks a. individual's perception of what is required to perform the task Job rotation __________. a. is a job design strategy that states that adding activities to initial activities will increase an individual's satisfaction b. is a job design strategy that states that moving workers from job to job, rather than requiring them to perform only one simple job, will decrease boredom c. motivates employees to boost production by offering them shares of company stock as a benefit d. is a strategy that managers can use to motivate organization members that involves designing jobs that organization members perform b. is a job design strategy that states that moving workers from job to job, rather than requiring them to perform only one simple job, will decrease boredom Shannon, a marketing executive, compares his quarterly sales to those of others in his department. He feels demotivated when he realizes that he is rewarded less even though he puts in the same amount of effort as others. Which of the following theories explains Shannon's behavior? a. Equity theory a. Equity theory Mario feels good about himself when he helps his co-workers. In the terminology of the Porterdash-Lawler theory of motivation this would be called a(n) _________. A.extrinsic reward D.intrinsic reward _________ involves moving workers from job to job instead of specializing in one job over the long term. A.Behavior modification D.Job rotation Which term refers to the degree that an individual desires to perform a behavior? A.Need for affiliation D.Motivation strength The _____ is the most fundamental of motivation theories and begins with a person feeling a need and then the need is transformed into behavior directed toward achieving a goal. A.hierarchy of needs D.needs-goal Alderfer's ERG theory found that a worker frustrated by his or her inability to satisfy an upper-level need might focus instead on fulfilling an already satisfied lower-level need. This is referred to as _________. A.the need for achievement D.the frustration-regression principle _________ theories of motivation emphasize how individuals are motivated. A.Method D.Process ________ is considered the most basic and frequently used motivational strategy for managers, and it helps satisfy subordinate needs for recognition and security. A.Creating opportunities B.Effective communication Joel is a manager who assumes that all his subordinates will slack off and do a poor job unless they are monitored and punished for even small transgressions. Which of the following would best describe Joel's approach to employeemotivation? A.Needs-goal theory D.Theory X Which of the following is an example of a nonmonetary incentive? A.Stock
bonuses B.Promotions from within the organization Paige wants to be a successful manager. She realizes that in order to be successful, she must _____ inappropriate behavior and _____ appropriate behavior among subordinates. A.minimize, maximize A.minimize, maximize _________ theory is based on the premise that behavior will continue until the felt need has been significantly reduced. A.Likert's B.The needs-goal According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the desire to maximize potential is an example of a(n) _________ need. A.esteem D.self-actualization Douglas McGregor identified the assumption that employees will exercise self-direction and self-control in meeting theirobjectives, an idea known as _________. A.hygiene factors D.Theory Y According to Frederick Herzberg, factors that influence the degree of job satisfaction are called _________. A.autonomy factors B.motivators Increasing the number of operations an individual performs, to enhance satisfaction in work, is known as _________. A.job enlargement A.job enlargement What is Porter Lawler theory of motivation?Porter and Lawler extended Vroom's work by examining more closely the traits and perceptions of the individual and the nature and impact of rewards on motivation. The Porter and Lawler model is a process model that explains the conditions and processes (contingencies) by which motivation to work takes place.
Which one of the following theories is a process motivation theory?Process theories of motivation try to explain why behaviors are initiated. These theories focus on the mechanism by which we choose a target, and the effort that we exert to “hit” the target. There are four major process theories: (1) operant conditioning, (2) equity, (3) goal, and (4) expectancy.
Which of the following is a theory of motivation that emphasizes people's internal characteristics?Content theory of motivation: is an explanation of motivation that emphasizes peoples internal characteristics.
How Porter Lawler model is an improvement over the Vroom's expectancy theory?In fact, Porter and Lawler's theory is an improvement over Vroom's expectancy theory. They say that motivation does not equal satisfaction or performance. The model suggested by them encounters some of the simplistic traditional assumptions made about the positive relationship between satisfaction and performance.
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Which of the following is a characteristic of the motivation process stressed by the Porter Lawler theory?
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