 Show Detailed Answer Key Endocrine 3 1.A nurse is reinforcing teaching about exercise with a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I will carry a complex carbohydrate snack with me when I exercise." Rationale:The nurse should reinforce that the client should carry a simple carbohydrate such as hard candy or glucose tablets for use during exercise if the client becomes hypoglycemic. B. "I should exercise first thing in the morning before eating breakfast." Rationale:The nurse should reinforce that exercise should follow a meal. Exercising first thing in the morning on an empty stomach places the client at risk for hypoglycemia. C. "I should avoid injecting insulin into my thigh if I am going to go running." Rationale:The nurse should reinforce that the client should avoid injecting insulin into an area that will soon be exercised to avoid increasing the absorption rate of the insulin. D. "I will increase the intensity of my exercise routine if my urine is positive for ketones." Rationale:The nurse should reinforce that exercise should be avoided if ketones are present in the urine as this indicates an elevated blood glucose level or ketoacidosis. 2.A nurse is caring for a client who has Cushing's syndrome. Which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe? (Select all that apply.) A. Buffalo hump B. Purple striations C. Moon face D. Tremors E. Obese extremities Rationale:Buffalo hump is correct. Cushing's syndrome is a disease caused by an increased production of cortisol or by excessive use of corticosteroids. Buffalo hump, a collection of fat between the shoulders, is a common manifestation of Cushing's syndrome. Purple striations is correct. Purple striations on the skin of the abdomen, thighs, and breasts are a common manifestation of Cushing's syndrome. This is due to the collection of body fat in these areas. Moon face is correct. Moon face is a common manifestation of Cushing's syndrome. Clients who have this manifestation present with a round, red, full face. Tremors is incorrect. Tremors are not a common finding of Cushing's syndrome. Obese extremities is incorrect. Clients who have Cushing's syndrome have truncal obesity, a protuberant abdomen, with thin extremities, which is due to an alteration in protein metabolism. Created on:03/31/2021Page 1 Diabetes insipidus is an uncommon condition that causes excessive production of very diluted urine and, as a result, intense thirst. In healthy individuals, antidiuretic hormone (ADH, also called vasopressin) helps the kidneys correctly regulate the amount of water in the body. ADH is secreted by the hypothalamus (a small gland located at the base of the brain), stored in the pituitary gland, and then released into the bloodstream. The underlying problem in diabetes insipidus is either too little ADH reaching the kidneys or the failure of the kidneys to respond to it. For either reason, when a person has diabetes insipidus the kidneys are unable to concentrate the urine, and large amounts of dilute urine are released. The disease is separated into two categories:
Note that diabetes insipidus is not the same as diabetes mellitus, a more common and better-known disorder in the production of a different hormone, insulin, that can also lead to frequent urination. Central diabetes insipidus can be the result of damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland caused by:
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is the result of a defect in the kidneys, which may be caused by:
Symptoms of diabetes insipidus in children and adolescents may include:
Symptoms in infants may also include:
Diagnosis will usually begin with a complete medical history and physical examination. The doctor will ask about the child's daily fluid and food intake and about urination. If symptoms suggest the possibility of diabetes insipidus, tests may be ordered. These may include:
Treatment will focus first on identifying the cause of the condition when possible. Treatment for the symptoms of central diabetes insipidus begins with establishing the cause. Symptomatic management may include:
If nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is identified, referral to CHOP nephrologists (kidney specialists) is made. Treatment for this condition may include:
Treatment for both forms of diabetes insipidus also includes careful attention to fluid and sodium intake. Children and adolescents with diabetes insipidus need close monitoring to prevent dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Diabetes insipidus can be a temporary or a permanent condition, depending on what is causing the disease. Children with central diabetes insipidus, with proper management, can lead full, healthy lives. Children with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can also lead relatively normal lives with proper medical care and management, especially if the medical care is started early. The amount of follow-up required depends substantially on the underlying cause of the diabetes insipidus. Regardless of the cause, children with DI require ongoing attention to the amount of urination and thirst. Serum electrolytes as well as assessment of other pituitary hormones are required periodically. The Neuroendocrine Center at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia offers families a coordinated and multidisciplinary approach to treatment for neuroendocrine disorders like DI. Our team combines the expertise of many pediatric specialists to develop a treatment plan that is customized to meet your child’s needs. Our endocrinologists have substantial clinical experience in the diagnosis and management of diabetes insipidus, and are academic leaders in educating other clinicians about this condition through publications and lectures. Which of the following is a manifestation of diabetes insipidus?The symptoms of diabetes insipidus include: Extreme thirst that can't be quenched (polydipsia) Excessive amounts of urine (polyuria) Colourless urine instead of pale yellow.
What is the most important clinical manifestation of diabetes insipidus?The main complication of diabetes insipidus is dehydration, which happens when your body loses too much fluid and electrolytes to work properly.
What happens during diabetes insipidus?Diabetes insipidus happens when your body doesn't make enough antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or your kidneys don't use it properly. Your body needs ADH to retain appropriate amounts of water. Without ADH, your body loses water through urine. Diabetes mellitus is much more common than diabetes insipidus.
Which symptom should the nurse monitor the client for that is diagnosed with diabetes insipidus?The two main symptoms of diabetes insipidus are the frequent urge to pass high volumes of diluted urine and excessive thirst. These symptoms are also known as polyuria and polydipsia, respectively, and they are two of the three polys of diabetes.
|
Which manifestation does the nurse expect to find in a patient diagnosed with diabetes insipidus DI?
zusammenhängende Posts
Urheberrechte © © 2024 ketiadaan Inc.
