Show
Test automation for the modern enterpriseDigital enterprises connect business processes across diverse applications and technologies, and it all has to work flawlessly. Traditional testing methods are siloed, leaving the door open for integration risks that can derail end-to-end processes. Modern enterprises need modern ways to test across the enterprise. Tosca de-risks digital initiatives across your enterpriseTosca covers all your digital initiatives, including moving to the cloud, modernizing core business applications, and delivering exceptional customer experience. Deliver cloud and custom applications at DevOps speedsAutomate more testing, increase release velocity, and bring teams closer throughout the software development lifecycle.
Supported TechnologiesComplete coverage of your end-to-end business processesWhat makes Tosca unique in the market is its breadth of coverage — supporting over 160+ technologies and enterprise applications, ensuring your test automation scales across the enterprise. All the testing you need, all the timeTosca covers every flavor and level of testing, from API testing, exploratory testing, mobile testing, to system integration testing, and regression testing. It even supports performance testing through its integration with NeoLoad. FeaturesHow we do itVision AIModel-based test automation Risk-based test optimizationAutomation recording assistantService virtualizationTest data managementVision AI Based on patented convolutional neural networks, Vision AI sees and steers elements on virtually any technology – from cloud-native, enterprise apps, to simple designs and mockups. Model-based test automation Build codeless, resilient automated tests through a unique approach that separates the automation model from the underlying application. This way, changes to the application source code can be done frequently without impacting the test automation. Risk-based test optimization Prioritize testing for business-critical functionality, reduce overall test creation and maintenance costs, and make smarter “go/no-go” release decisions with risk-based test optimization. Automation recording assistant Free business users from manual testing by giving them an easy way to record their day-to-day activities that can then be converted into automated test cases. Service virtualization Service Virtualization solves the nightmare of trying to test responses from systems that are difficult to access/provision or that have not been built yet. This removes one of the major sources of testing delays, enabling automated tests to run at any time. Test data management Waiting for “good” test data is another nightmare that delays traditional testing. With Test Data Management, you can automatically create and provision on-demand (i.e., synthetic, masked, or imported) stateful data for even the most complex scenarios. Unified experience for continuous testingDiscover how Tosca combines with the wider Tricentis platform to multiply the automation benefits for all your enterprise initiatives.
GitLab provides Rake tasks for backing up and restoring GitLab instances. An application data backup creates an archive file that contains the database, all repositories and all attachments. You can only restore a backup to exactly the same version and type (CE/EE) of GitLab on which it was created. The best way to migrate your projects from one server to another is through a backup and restore. RequirementsTo be able to back up and restore, ensure that Rsync is installed on your system. If you installed GitLab:
gitaly-backup for repository backup and restoreThe The backup Rake task must be able to find this executable. In most cases, you don’t need to change the path to the binary as it should work fine with the default path
Backup timestampThe backup archive is saved in For example, if the backup name is Back up GitLabFor detailed information on backing up GitLab, see Backup GitLab. Restore GitLabFor detailed information on restoring GitLab, see Restore GitLab. Alternative backup strategiesIn the following cases, consider using file system data transfer or snapshots as part of your backup strategy:
When considering using file system data transfer or snapshots:
Example: Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS)
Example: Logical Volume Manager (LVM) snapshots + rsync
If you’re running GitLab on a virtualized server, you can possibly also create VM snapshots of the entire GitLab server. It’s not uncommon however for a VM snapshot to require you to power down the server, which limits this solution’s practical use. Back up repository data separatelyFirst, ensure you back up existing GitLab data while skipping repositories:
For manually backing up the Git repository data on disk, there are multiple possible strategies:
Prevent writes and copy the Git repository dataGit repositories must be copied in a consistent way. They should not be copied during concurrent write operations, as this can lead to inconsistencies or corruption issues. For more details, issue #270422 has a longer discussion explaining the potential problems. To prevent writes to the Git repository data, there are two possible approaches:
You can copy Git repository data using any method, as long as writes are prevented on the data being copied (to prevent inconsistencies and corruption issues). In order of preference and safety, the recommended methods are:
Online backup through marking repositories as read-only (experimental)One way of backing up repositories without requiring instance-wide downtime is to programmatically mark projects as read-only while copying the underlying data. There are a few possible downsides to this:
There is an experimental script that attempts to automate this process in the Geo team Runbooks project. Back up and restore for installations using PgBouncerDo not back up or restore GitLab through a PgBouncer connection. These tasks must bypass PgBouncer and connect directly to the PostgreSQL primary database node, or they cause a GitLab outage. When the GitLab backup or restore task is used with PgBouncer, the following error message is shown:
Each time the GitLab backup runs, GitLab starts generating 500 errors and errors about missing tables will be logged by PostgreSQL:
This happens because the task uses Since connections are reused with PgBouncer in transaction pooling mode, PostgreSQL fails to search the default Bypassing PgBouncerThere are two ways to fix this:
Environment variable overridesBy default, GitLab uses the database configuration stored in a configuration file
(
For example, to override the database host and port to use 192.168.1.10 and port 5432 with the Omnibus package:
See the PostgreSQL documentation for more details on what these parameters do. Migrate to a new serverYou can use GitLab backup and restore to migrate your instance to a new server. This section outlines a typical procedure for a GitLab deployment running on a single server. If you’re running GitLab Geo, an alternative option is Geo disaster recovery for planned failover. Prerequisites:
Prepare the new serverTo prepare the new server:
Prepare and transfer content from the old server
Restore data on the new server
Additional notesThis documentation is for GitLab Community and Enterprise Edition. We back up GitLab.com and ensure your data is secure. You can’t, however, use these methods to export or back up your data yourself from GitLab.com. Issues are stored in the database, and can’t be stored in Git itself. To migrate your repositories from one server to another with an up-to-date version of GitLab, use the import Rake task to do a mass import of the repository. If you do an import Rake task rather than a backup restore, you get all of your repositories, but no other data. TroubleshootingThe following are possible problems you might encounter, along with potential solutions. Restoring database backup using Omnibus packages outputs warningsIf you’re using backup restore procedures, you may encounter the following warning messages:
Be advised that the backup is successfully restored in spite of these warning messages. The Rake task runs this as the For more information, see:
When the secrets file is lostIf you didn’t back up the secrets file, you must complete several steps to get GitLab working properly again. The secrets file is responsible for storing the encryption key for the columns that contain required, sensitive information. If the key is lost, GitLab can’t decrypt those columns, preventing access to the following items:
In cases like CI/CD variables and runner authentication, you can experience unexpected behaviors, such as:
In this case, you must reset all the tokens for CI/CD variables and runner authentication, which is described in more detail in the following sections. After resetting the tokens, you should be able to visit your project and the jobs begin running again. Use the information in the following sections at your own risk. Verify that all values can be decryptedYou can determine if your database contains values that can’t be decrypted by using a Rake task. Take a backupYou must directly modify GitLab data to work around your lost secrets file. Disable user two-factor authentication (2FA)Users with 2FA enabled can’t sign in to GitLab. In that case, you must disable 2FA for everyone, after which users must reactivate 2FA. Reset CI/CD variables
You may need to reconfigure or restart GitLab for the changes to take effect. Reset runner registration tokens
Reset pending pipeline jobs
A similar strategy can be employed for the remaining features. By removing the data that can’t be decrypted, GitLab can be returned to operation, and the lost data can be manually replaced. Fix integrations and webhooksIf you’ve lost your secrets, the integrations settings pages and webhooks settings pages are probably displaying The fix is to truncate the affected tables (those containing encrypted columns). This deletes all your configured integrations, webhooks, and related metadata. You should verify that the secrets are the root cause before deleting any data.
Container Registry push failures after restoring from a backupIf you use the Container Registry, pushes to the registry may fail after restoring your backup on an Omnibus GitLab instance after restoring the registry data. These failures mention permission issues in the registry logs, similar to:
This issue is caused by the restore running as the unprivileged user To get your registry working again:
If you changed the default file system location for the registry, run Backup fails to complete with Gzip errorWhen running the backup, you may receive a Gzip error message:
If this happens, examine the following:
Backup fails with File name too long errorDuring backup, you can get the
This problem stops the backup script from completing. To fix this problem, you must truncate the filenames causing the problem. A maximum of 246 characters, including the file extension, is permitted. Truncating filenames to resolve the error involves:
Clean up remote uploaded filesA known issue caused object store uploads to remain after a parent resource was deleted. This issue was resolved. To fix these files, you must clean up all remote
uploaded files that are in the storage but not tracked in the
Truncate the filenames referenced by the databaseYou must truncate the files referenced by the database that are causing the problem. The filenames referenced by the database are stored:
Truncate the filenames in
the
Truncate the filenames in the references found:
Truncate the filenames on the filesystem. You must manually rename the files in your filesystem to the new filenames obtained from querying the Re-run the backup taskAfter following all the previous steps, re-run the backup task. Which group manages investigations and conducts forensic analysis of systems suspected of containing evidence related to an incident or crime?The computer investigations group manages investigations and conducts forensic analysis of systems suspected of containing evidence related to an incident or a crime.
What must be done under oath to verify that the information in the affidavit is true?Affidavits must always be notarized by a notary public. "Notarized" means that you have sworn under oath that the facts in the affidavit are true, the document has been signed in front of a notary public, and a notary public has signed and put a seal on the affidavit.
Is it true that forensics analysis of a 6 TB disk for example can take several days or weeks?A forensics analysis of a 6 TB disk, for example, can take several days or weeks. Requirements for taking the EnCE certification exam depend on taking the Guidance Software EnCase training courses.
What is most often the focus of digital investigations in the private sector?Most digital investigations in the private sector involve misuse of computing assets. If you turn evidence over to law enforcement and begin working under their direction, you have become an agent of law enforcement, and are subject to the same restrictions on search and seizure as a law enforcement agent.
|