When the knee is properly positioned for an AP projection the patella will lie?

75.When the ASIS to tabletop measurement isless than 19 cm,the central-ray angulation for anAP knee is:a.0 degreesb.5 degrees cephaladc.5 degrees caudadd.7 degrees caudad

76.How much should the leg be flexed for a lateral projection of the knee?

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Comprehensive Medical Terminology

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b.30 degreesc.10 to 20 degreesd.20 to 30 degrees77.Which of the following will ensure that the knee is in proper position for a lateral projection?1.) epicondyles are perpendicular to the IR2.) patella is perpendicular to the IR3.) leg is flexed 20 to 30 degrees

78.The central-ray angulation for a lateral projection of the knee is:

79.Which of the following projections of the knee best demonstrates the narrowing of a jointspace?a.APb.AP obliquec.laterald.AP of both knees with weight-bearing

80.Valgus and varus deformities of the knee can be evaluated with which of the followingprojections?

81.The central-ray angle for an AP, bilateral weight-bearing knee is:

c.5 degrees caudadd.5 to 7 degrees cephalad82.The central-ray angle for AP oblique projections of the knee is:

83.For an AP oblique projection of the knee, the limb is rotated:a.25 degreesb.30 degreesc.45 degreesd.30 to 40 degrees

84.Which of the following is clearly demonstrated on an AP oblique projection of the knee inmedial rotation?

85.Which of the following methods are used to demonstrate the intercondylar fossa?1.) Holmblad (PA axial)2.) Camp-Coventry (PA axial)3.) Settegast (tangential)

86.The patient position and central ray shown in the figure above will demonstrate the:

87.How much is the knee joint flexed for the PA axial projection (Holmblad method) of theintercondylar fossa?a.20 degreesb.45 degreesc.50 degreesd.70 degrees

88.How is the central ray directed for the PA axial projection (Holmblad method) of theintercondylar fossa?

Citation, DOI & article data

Citation:

Murphy A, Knipe H, Knee (lateral view). Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 18 Dec 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-72198

The lateral knee view is an orthogonal view of the AP view of the knee. The projection requires the patient to 'roll' onto the side of their knee, hence it is not an appropriate projection in trauma, in all suspected traumatic injuries of the knee, the horizontal beam lateral method should be utilized. 

On this page:

This is often performed on bed-bound patients with suspected arthritis, it is an orthogonal view of the AP projection and demonstrate the joint space, yet sacrifices any assessment of fluid levels. 

• the patient is laying on side of interest with the knee of interest closest to the table and the other lower limb rolled anteriorly
• affect knee is flexed slightly ≈ 30° (to the best of patient's ability)  anything more than 30° is less than ideal as the patella begins to move inferior and the soft tissues begin to compress 

• medial-lateral projection
• centering point
  • center to the knee joint 1.5-2.0 cm distal to the apex of the patella or at the tibial tuberosity if the patella is affected by certain injury patterns
• collimation
  • superior to include the distal femur
  • inferior to include the proximal tibia/fibula
  • anterior to include the skin margin 
  • posterior to include skin margin
• orientation  
  • landscape
• detector size
  • 35 cm x 43 cm
• exposure
  • 60-70 kVp
  • 7-10 mAs
• SID
  • 100 cm
• grid
  • no

A true lateral projection will have the following characteristic:

• superimposition of the medial and lateral condyles of the distal femur 
• an open patellofemoral joint space 
• slight superimposition of the fibular head with the tibia 

The distal femoral condyles have distinct features that can be used for differentiation and hence positional errors that can be corrected.

The medial condyle has a medial adductor tubercle, located superior to the medial epicondyle,  a bony protuberance that acts as the attachment point the adductor minimus and the hamstrings part of the adductor magnus.
The lateral condyle has the condylopatellar sulcus also known as the lateral notch, a groove in the lateral femoral condyle. The easy way to remember is femoral is flat.

• medial adductor tubercle is posterior to the lateral condyle
  •  rotate the knee externally to bring it anterior
• medial adductor tubercle is anterior to the lateral condyle
  • rotate the knee internally to bring it posteriorly

• medial condyle is proximal to the lateral condylar
  • perform adduction
• medial condyle is distal to the lateral condyle
  • perform abduction

For an interactive case exploring these concepts see here

References

Related articles: Imaging in practice

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