SmartBook Assignment – Chapter 7Justice is defined asthe degree to which an authority's decision making is considered fair.When people make a rational assessment based on perceptions of another party's reliability, they engage incognition-based trust. Show
Get answer to your question and much more Which of the following are dimensions by which we gauge an authority's track record? Get answer to your question and much more Unlike other forms of trust, affect-based trust is primarilyemotional Get answer to your question and much more Which of the following are among the factors by which employees judge whether an authority's decision making isfair? Get answer to your question and much more The three factors that influence trust levels are disposition-based trust, cognition-based trust, and _____-basedtrust. Get answer to your question and much more "A fair day's pay, for a fair day's work" is an equitable viewpoint that most accurately describes Get answer to your question and much more Presentation on theme: "Learning Goals What is trust? What are justice and ethics?"— Presentation transcript:1 2 Learning Goals
What is trust? What are justice and ethics?
3 Learning Goals, Cont’d How does trust affect job performance and organizational commitment? What steps can organizations take to become more trustworthy?
4 Trust, Justice, and Ethics 5 “America’s Most Admired Companies”
6 Discussion Questions Why are some authorities more trusted than others? Would you be willing to let that person have significant influence over your professional or educational future?
7 Trust Disposition-based trust means that your personality traits include a general propensity to trust others. Cognition-based trust means that
trust is rooted in a rational assessment of the authority’s trustworthiness. Affect-based trust means that it depends on feelings toward the authority that go beyond any rational assessment. 8 Disposition-Based Trust
9 Trust Propensities by Nation 10 Cognition-Based Trust 11 The Track Record
Competence is defined as the skills, abilities, and areas of expertise that enable an authority to be successful in some specific area. Doctor, lawyer Character is defined as the perception that the authority adheres to a set of values and principles that the trustor finds acceptable. Integrity Benevolence is defined as the belief that the authority wants to do good for the trustor, apart from any selfish or profit-centered
motives. Mentor-protégé OB on Screen Pirates of the Caribbean 12 Affect-Based Trust Often more emotional than rational. 13 Types of Trust Over Time 14 Factors that Influence Trust Levels
15 Justice Distributive justice reflects the perceived fairness of decision-making outcomes. Employees gauge distributive justice by asking whether decision outcomes, such as pay,
rewards, evaluations, promotions, and work assignments, are allocated using proper norms. Procedural justice reflects the perceived fairness of decision-making processes. Fostered when authorities adhere to rules of fair process. 16 Procedural Justice
Rules 17 Procedural Justice Does
procedural justice really matter—don’t people just care about the outcomes that they receive? Distributive justice and procedural justice combine to influence employee reactions. When outcomes are bad, procedural justice becomes enormously important. Procedural justice tends to be a stronger driver of reactions to authorities than distributive justice.
18 Combined Effects of Distributive and Procedural Justice
19 Justice, Cont’d Interpersonal justice reflects the perceived fairness of the treatment received by employees
from authorities. Interpersonal justice is fostered when authorities adhere to two particular rules. Respect rule pertains to whether authorities treat employees in a dignified and sincere manner. Propriety rule reflects whether authorities refrain from making improper or offensive remarks.
20 Justice, Cont’d Informational justice reflects the perceived fairness of the communications provided
to employees from authorities. Informational justice is fostered when authorities adhere to two particular rules. The justification rule mandates that authorities explain decision-making procedures and outcomes in a comprehensive and reasonable manner. The truthfulness rule requires that those communications be honest and candid.
21 The Effects of Informational and Interpersonal Justice on Theft During a Pay Cut
22 The Four Dimensions of Justice 23 Ethics Research on ethics seeks to explain why people behave in a manner consistent with generally
accepted norms of morality, and why they sometimes violate those norms. Whistle-blowing occurs when employees expose illegal actions by their employer. 76 percent of employees have observed illegal or unethical conduct on the job within the past 12 months.
24 The Four Component Model of Ethical Decision Making 25 The Six Facets of Moral Intensity
26 The Four Component Model of Ethical Decision Making, Cont’d 27 Stages of Cognitive Moral Development
28 The Four Component Model of Ethical Decision Making, Cont’d
29 The Four Component Model of Ethical Decision Making 30 Why Are Some Authorities More Trusted than Others? 31 How Important Is Trust?
Trust relates to performance because it increases an employees ability to focus. Trust also influences citizenship behavior and counterproductive behavior because it allows employees to develop social exchange relationships instead of economic exchange relationships with their employers. Economic exchange relationships that are based on narrowly defined, quid pro quo obligations that are specified in advance and have an explicit repayment schedule.
Social exchange relationships are based on vaguely defined obligations that are open-ended and long-term in their repayment schedule. 32 Effects of Trust on Performance and Commitment
33 Corporate Social Responsibility 34 Takeaways Trust is the willingness to be vulnerable to an authority based on positive expectations about the authority’s actions and intentions. Justice reflects the perceived fairness of an authority’s decision
making and can be used to explain why employees judge some authorities as more trustworthy than others. Ethics reflects the degree to which the behaviors of an authority are in accordance with generally accepted moral norms. Trust can be disposition-based, cognition-based, or affect-based. Trustworthiness is judged along three dimensions: competence, character, and benevolence.
35 Takeaways, Cont’d The fairness of an authority’s decision making can be judged along four dimensions: distributive justice, procedural justice, interpersonal justice, and informational justice. The four-component model of ethical decision making argues that ethical behavior depends on three concepts. Moral awareness
reflects whether an authority recognizes that a moral issue exists in a situation. Moral judgment reflects whether the authority can accurately identify the “right” course of action. Moral intent reflects an authority’s degree of commitment to the moral course of action.
36 Takeaways, Cont’d Trust has a moderate positive relationship with
job performance and a strong positive relationship with organizational commitment. Organizations can become more trustworthy by emphasizing corporate social responsibility, a perspective that acknowledges that the responsibility of a business encompasses the economic, legal, ethical, and citizenship expectations of society. Is defined as the degree to which an issue has ethical urgency?moral intensity captures the degree to which an issue has ethical urgency, while moral attentiveness captures the degree to which people chronically perceive and consider issues of morality during their experiences.
What term is used to describe the beliefs or opinions that are generally held about an organization or its brand?Customer perception is the opinions, feelings, and beliefs customers have about your brand. It plays an important role in building customer loyalty and retention as well as brand reputation and awareness.
What is the first step of the four component model of ethical decision making?The decision maker must ask questions related to each particular step, as well as think through factors that may influence his or her decision- making ability at that step. The first step, moral awareness or the “I feel” step, is the recognition that a situation contains a moral issue.
What term describes the process through which former or current employees expose illegal or immoral actions by their organization?Whistle blowing means calling attention to wrongdoing that is occurring within an organization. The Government Accountability Project lists four ways to blow the whistle: reporting wrongdoing or a violation of the law to the proper authorities.
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