The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another Show The theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the persons disposition Fundamental attribution error The tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition Feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predisposed us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events Central route to persuasion Occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts Peripheral route to persuasion Occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness Foot-in-the-door phenomenon The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request A set of explanations about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave Adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with the group standard Normative social influence Influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval Informal social influence Influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality Stronger responses on simple or well learned tasks in the presence of others The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts towards attaining a common goal than when individually accountable The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and an anonymity The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives And unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members A generalized belief about a group of people Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members "us" - people with whom we share a common identity "them" - those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup The tendency to favor our own group The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races The tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy Frustration-aggression principle The principle that frustration- the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal- creates anger, which can generate aggression. The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increasing liking of them An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined A condition in which people receive from a relationship proportion to what they give to it Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others Unselfish regard for the welfare of others The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize the benefits and minimize costs An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them Social-responsibility norm An expectation that people will help those dependent upon them A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationality pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior Mutual view was often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side is evil and aggressive Shared goals that override differences among people and require their corporation Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction-- a strategy designed to decrease international tensions
This preview shows page 15 - 18 out of 36 pages. 34.Which theory most clearly suggests that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providingsomeone to blame when things go wrong?A)discriminationB)the just-world phenomenonC)social scriptsD)scapegoat theoryAns:DAPA Outcome:1.1 Difficulty:EasyLO:44-1MCAT:8A, 8CPage:352Topic:Emotional roots of prejudiceType:Factual/Definitional35.According to the scapegoat theory, prejudice is likely to result fromDAPA Outcome:1.1 Get answer to your question and much more Difficulty:EasyLO:44-1MCAT:8A, 8CPage:542Topic:Emotional roots of prejudiceType:Factual/Definitional 36.Montel, a White university student, is on academic probation for poor grades. Ever since hereceived notice of his probation, Montel has become increasingly hostile toward racial minoritystudents and staff on campus. His increasing hostility can best be explained in terms ofC Get answer to your question and much more APA Outcome:1.1, 1.3Difficulty:MediumLO:44-1MCAT:8A, 8CPage:542Topic:Emotional roots of prejudiceType:Conceptual/Application37.Disparaging or belittling a despised outgroup provides people with a heightened sense ofC Get answer to your question and much more APA Outcome:1.3, 3.3Difficulty:DifficultLO:44-1MCAT:8A, 8CPage:543Topic:Emotional roots of prejudiceType:Factual/Definitional38.Although President Obama is of mixed race, White Americans typically perceive and labelhim as Black. Researchers believe this happens because White observers ________ thedistinctive physical features of the less-familiar Black minority.A)selectively attend toB)have negative attitudes regardingC)stereotypeD)have implicit associations about Ans:AAPA Outcome:2.2, 3.3 Difficulty:MediumLO:44-2MCAT:8A, 8CPage:543Topic:Cognitive roots of prejudice: forming categoriesType:Factual/Definitional39.People tend to perceive the members of an outgroup as ________ each other and themembers of an ingroup as ________ each other.B Get answer to your question and much more APA Outcome:1.1, 1.3Difficulty:MediumLO:44-2MCAT:8A, 8CPage:543Topic:Cognitive roots of prejudice: forming categoriesType:Factual/Definitional Upload your study docs or become a Course Hero member to access this document Upload your study docs or become a Course Hero member to access this document End of preview. Want to read all 36 pages? Upload your study docs or become a Course Hero member to access this document What is the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger?AP Psychology - Unit 14 Vocabulary Review. What are the cognitive roots of prejudice?What are the cognitive roots of prejudice? The cognitive roots of prejudice grow from our natural ways of processing information: forming categories, remembering vivid cases, and believing that the world is just and that our own and our culture's ways of doing things are the right ways.
What principle explains why we help children and others who Cannot give back as much in return?Reciprocity and Social Exchange
One explanation for such behavior is based on the principle of reciprocal altruism (Trivers, 1971). Reciprocal altruism is the idea that if we help other people now, they will return the favor should we need their help in the future.
What is an unjustifiable attitude towards a group called?Beliefs about the characteristics of the groups and the members of those groups are known as stereotypes. Prejudice refers to an unjustifiable negative attitude toward an outgroup. Stereotypes and prejudice may create discrimination.
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What is the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame?
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