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definitions Focus your studying with a path Get faster at matching terms Critics of Skinner's principles believed the approach dehumanized people by neglecting their personal freedom and seeking to control their actions. Skinner replied that people's actions are already controlled by external consequences, and that reinforcement is more humane than punishment as a means for controlling behavior. At school, teachers can use shaping techniques to guide students' behaviors, and they can use interactive software and websites to provide immediate feedback. (For example, the LearningCurve system available with this text provides such feedback and allows students to direct the pace of their own learning.) In sports, coaches can build players' skills and self-confidence by rewarding small improvements. At work, managers can boost productivity and morale by rewarding well-defined and achievable behaviors. At home, parents can reward desired behaviors but not undesirable ones. We can shape our own behavior by stating a realistic goal, planning how we will achieve it, monitoring the frequency of the desired behavior, reinforcing the desired behavior, and gradually reducing rewards as the behavior becomes habitual. Recommended textbook solutions Biology1st EditionKenneth R. Miller, Levine 2,591 solutions Biology1st EditionStephen Nowicki 1,895 solutions Flickr Creative Commons ImagesSome images used in this set are licensed under the Creative Commons through Flickr.com.
op con schedule of reinforcement where a response is rewarded after an unpredictable amount of time has passed. This schedule produces a slow, steady rate of response. very resistant to extinction checking Your Email: Typically, you check your email at random times throughout the day instead of checking every time a single message is delivered. Upgrade to remove ads Only ₩37,125/year
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Get faster at matching terms Operant and Instrumental Conditioning: Schedules Terms in this set (24)Cumulative Response increasing response to repeated dosage of a drug the number of responses, in a period of time Response Rate In survey research, the actual percentage of questionnaires completed and returned. whether the response is high (fast) rate or low (slow) rate Continuous Reinforcement Reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs. abbreviated CRF Intermittent (partial) Reinforcement occurs when a designated response is reinforced only some of the time In operant conditioning, any pattern of reinforcement that is not continuous. Includes fixed interval, fixed ratio, variable interval and variable ratio scedules. Produces greater resistance to extinction than a continuous scedule Ratio Schedule A schedule in which reinforcement is based on the number of times the behavior occurs the ratio of reinforced to non reinforced responses Interval Schedule A program by which reinforcement depends on the time interval elapsed since the last reinforcement An intermittent reinforcement schedule in which behavior are reinforced after a certain predictable interval (fixed) or unpredictable interval of time has passed (variable) Fixed Ratio (FR) A schedule of reinforcement requiring a fixed number of responses for reinforcement. reinforcement schedule in which every "Nth" performance of a behavior is reinforced Variable Ratio a schedule where reinforcement happens after a varied number of responses reinforcement schedule in which, ON AVERAGE, every "Nth" performance of a behavior is reinforced Post Reinforcement Pause absence of responding for a period of time following reinforcement associated primarily with FI and FR schedules Run Rate The rate at which a behavior occurs once it has resumed following reinforcement calculation of rate subtracting pauses in responding Fixed Interval (FI) Provides reinforcement for the first response following a fixed amount of time Variable Interval (VI) In operant conditioning, it is when behavior is reinforced at the first response made after a variable amount of time has elapsed since the last reinforcement. with the interval varying around a specified average Fixed Time (FT) Reinforcement delivered after amount of time with no contingency reinforcement schedule in which reinforcement is delivered independently of behavior at fixed intervals Variable Time (VT) Reinforcer given after some time varying around a mean.
Fixed Duration (FD) maintain a behavior for a fixed time to get a reward - stay exercise is good example reinforcement schedule in which reinforcement is contingent on the continuous performance of a behavior for a fixed period of time Variable Duration (VD) maintain a behavior for a changed period of time Period of duration varies around a mean. Required period of performance varies around some average. Kid playing the piano might end in 30, 40 or 50 mins DRL: Differential Reinforcement of low Rates A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement (a) follows each occurrence of the target behavior that is separated from the previous response by a minimum interresponse time (IRT), or (b) is contingent on the number of responses within a period of time not exceeding a predetermined criterion. ex: in a business meeting giving someone your undivided attention only when he waits his turn and speaks clearly and slowly might be just the right reinforcer. DRH: Differential Reinforcement of High Rates Restricts reinforcement to a response preceded by high rates of behavior Ex: This schedule is found in many high volume, high stress work environments, where there are many deadlines to meet and the amount of time allotted to meeting those deadlines is minimal. Such as emergency rooms and advertising agencies DRO: Differential Reinforcement of Zero Responses instead of punishment you reinforce other activities. Reinforcing other behaviors or removing the reinforcement when the activity occurs. ex: if a child can go a certain amount of time without taunting a sibling then the child will be rewarded by being allowed to attend the latest animated film. DRA: Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Responses A combination of reinforcement and extinction. If the behavior of a person is deemed undesirable, find another behavior to reinforce that will distract the person from the unwanted behavior. ex: severe scratching then find some other behavior to reinforce that will distract the person from the unwanted behavior like playing a video game. DRI: Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Responses involves reinforcing a behavior that is specifically incompatible with the target behavior. ex. reinforce rubbing the surface of the skin instead of scratching- rubbing and scratching are incompatible you cannot do both at the same time. as the rate of the rubbing increases the rate of scratching will necessarily decrease. Ratio Stretch/Strain - to extend the behavior, getting the maximum amount of rate. disruption of the pattern of responding due to stretching the ratio of reinforcement too abruptly or too far Partial Reinforcement Effect (PRE) A type of learning in which behavior is reinforced intermittently tendency of a behavior to be more resistant to extinction following partial reinforcement than following continuous reinforcement; also often referred to as partial reinforcement extinction effect, or PREE) Resistance to Extinction Occurs when an organism continues to make a response after delivery of the reinforcer has been terminated the extent to which responding persists after an extinction procedure has been implemented. Recommended textbook solutions
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BIOLOGY Boyle’s Law states that when a sample of gas is compressed at a constant temperature, the pressure P and volume V satisfy the equation PV = C, where C is a constant. Suppose that at a certain instant the volume is $600 \mathrm{cm}^{3},$ the pressure is 150 kPa, and the pressure is increasing at a rate of 20 kPa/min. At what rate is the volume decreasing at this instant? Verified answer
BIOLOGY Imagine that you find a tiny worm in the garden. How could you determine whether it is a flatworm or a roundworm? Verified answer BIOLOGY Which is not a bone in the middle ear? A. stapes, B. incus, C. cochlea, D. malleus. Verified answer
BIOLOGY n. Asexual reproduction What are the four criteria for life? Verified answer Other Quizlet setsAmerican Political Process Midterm Review 2018 (Un…80 terms KevinBenson18 Cardio Fitness Semester Test Review43 terms Mariah4405 Global Studies 113 Midterm39 terms juliettebrezany3 Classroom Assessment Ch. 218 terms hkleist Related questionsQUESTION where is the mouth of a blood fluke located? 14 answers QUESTION Omnivory is one of the smallest dietary adaptations among primates. There are two types of omnivores -- conspicuous omnivores (like baboons) and obligate omnivores (like chimps). 15 answers QUESTION Which mollusk depends on its use of cilia for gas exchange, food procurement, and removal of wastes? 3 answers QUESTION After one chimpanzee sees a second champ open a box that contains a food reward, the first animal opens a similar box with a great speed, this best illustrates 2 answers What is the schedule of reinforcement for a behavior that is reinforced after a set number of responses?A variable ratio schedule is a schedule of reinforcement where a behavior is reinforced after a random number of responses. This kind of schedule results in high, steady rates of responding.
What are the 4 schedules of reinforcement quizlet?Terms in this set (4). Fixed ratio. Behavior is reinforced after a set # of responses. ... . Variable ratio. Behavior is reinforced after an unpredictable # of responses.. Fixed interval. The first response after a fixed time period is reinforced.. Variable interval. The first response after a varying time interval is reinforced.. Which reinforcement schedule reinforces a response quizlet?in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a SPECIFIC TIME has elapsed. in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a SPECIFIED NUMBER OF RESPONSES/EVENTS.
What are the 3 schedules of reinforcement?Table 1: Different Types of Reinforcement Schedules.. TYPE OF. REINFORCEMENT.. Fixed interval. schedules.. Variable. interval. schedules.. |
What is the schedule of reinforcement for a behavior that is reinforced after a set number of responses quizlet?
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