What is the most probable treatment for a child diagnosed with nonparalytic strabismus Quizlet

What would the nurse include when planning postoperative teaching for a child who has had a tympanostomy with insertion of tubes?

a. Keeping the infant flat after feeding.

b. Giving over-the-counter decongestants.

c. Avoiding getting water in the ears.

d. Cleaning the ear canal with cotton-tipped applicators.

Answer: c. Avoiding getting water in the ears.

Rationale: After a tympanostomy, care should be taken to avoid getting water in the ears.

What might the nurse explain as a common treatment for amblyopia?

a. Patching the good eye to force the brain to use the affected eye.

b. Patching the affected eye to allow the refractory muscles to rest.

c. Using glasses that will slightly blur the image for the good eye.

d. Using corticosteroids to treat inflammation of the optic nerve.

Answer: a. Patching the good eye to force the brain to use the affected eye.

Rationale: Early detection and treatment are essential for the child with amblyopia. Treatment includes patching the good eye and using glasses to correct refractive errors.

What does the nurse explains to parents of a child with febrile seizures?

a. They occur when the body temperature exceeds 38.3 C (101 F).

b. They can be prevented by anticonvulsant medication.

c. They usually lead to the development of epilepsy.

d. They occur when the temperature rises quickly.

Answer: d. They occur when the temperature rises quickly.

Rationale: Febrile seizures occur in response to a rapid rise in temperature, often above 38.8 C (102 F).

An adolescent has just had a generalized seizure and collapsed in the school nurses office. When should the nurse should call 911?

a. The seizure lasts more than 5 minutes.

b. The child is sleepy and lethargic after the seizure.

c. The child fell at the onset of the seizure.

d. The child is confused and has slurred speech after the seizure.

Answer: a. The seizure lasts more than 5 minutes.

Rationale: If there are multiple seizures or if seizures last more than 5 minutes, call 911 because these are indicators of possible status epilepticus, a medical emergency.

A child diagnosed with epilepsy had a generalized tonic-clonic seizure that lasted 90 seconds. What would the nurse expect to assess after a generalized tonic-clonic seizure?

a. Restlessness

b. Sleepiness

c. Nausea

d. Anxiety

Answer: b. Sleepiness

Rationale: Following a generalized tonic-clonic seizure, the child may have some confusion and may sleep for a time (postictal lethargy) and then return to full consciousness.

The nurse observes that the legs of a child with cerebral palsy cross involuntarily, and the child exhibits jerky movements with his arms as he tries to eat. The nurse recognizes that he has which type of cerebral palsy?

a. Athetoid

b. Ataxic

c. Spastic

d. Mixed

Answer: c. Spastic

Rationale: Spasticity is characterized by tension in certain muscle groups, which makes voluntary movements of muscles jerky and uncoordinated.

What will the nurse teach parents when giving instructions for acute conjunctivitis?

a. Apply cool compresses to the affected eye several times a day.

b. Instill topical steroid eye drops for 1 week.

c. Clear drainage from the inner to the outer aspect of the eye.

d. Keep the eye patched until the inflammation resolves.

Answer: c. Clear drainage from the inner to the outer aspect of the eye.

Rationale: Eye secretions are always cleared from the inner canthus downward and away from the opposite eye (inner to outer direction).

The nurse urges the mother of a 6-month-old to get her child inoculated with Haemophilus influenzae type B. What does this immunization protect against?

a. Encephalitis

b. Influenza

c. Bacterial meningitis

d. Otitis media

Answer: c. Bacterial meningitis

Rationale: H. influenzae type B and conjugated pneumococcal vaccines have decreased the incidence of bacterial meningitis.

The nurse is caring for a 3-year-old with a head injury. Which assessment would lead the nurse to report the probability of increasing intracranial pressure (ICP)?

a. Temperature increase from 37.2 C (99 F) to 37.7 C (100 F).

b. Increase in blood pressure with an attendant decrease in pulse.

c. Increase in respirations.

d. Equilateral pupils.

Answer: b. Increase in blood pressure with an attendant decrease in pulse.

Rationale: Increasing blood pressure, accompanied by decreasing pulse, and accompanied by unequal pupils are indicators of ICP.

A child is diagnosed with nonparalytic strabismus. How will this disorder most likely be corrected?

a. Patching the unaffected eye

b. Corrective lenses

c. Laser treatment

d. Surgery

Answer: b. Corrective lenses

Rationale: In nonparalytic strabismus the refractory error is usually corrected with eye glasses.

What would the nurse include in teaching when preparing to teach parents about air travel instructions to prevent barotrauma in infants?

a. Using ear plugs during takeoff.

b. Omitting the meal just before takeoff.

c. Letting the infant nurse during descent.

d. Applying ear drops before takeoff.

Answer: c. Letting the infant nurse during descent.

Rationale: Encouraging an infant to swallow reduces the pressure in the ears during descent.

Which assessments would cause the pediatric nurse to suspect the probability of an ear infection in a 6- month-old child? (Select all that apply.)

a. Hypersensitivity to noise.

b. Irritability.

c. Reddened ear canal.

d. Rolls head from side to side.

e. Temperature of 39.4 C (103 F).

Answer: B, D, E

Rationale: Infants signal ear infections by being irritable, rolling their heads from side to side, spiking a temperature, and pulling at or rubbing their ears.

What will the nurse include then documenting a grand mal seizure? (Select all that apply.)

a. Presence of incontinence.

b. Current dose of antispasmodic medication.

c. Activity level prior to and following seizure.

d. Level of consciousness following seizure.

e. Length of seizure.

Answer: A, C, D, E

Rationale: Documentation on a seizure should include LOC following episode, activity prior to and following seizure, change in color, respiration, muscle tone, and length of seizure. Reporting of medication regimen is not necessary.

The nurse is educating parents on prevention of eyestrain in their 5-year-old child. What information will the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

a. Encourage books with large type.

b. Words in books should be closely spaced.

c. Provide adequate lighting without glare.

d. Be sure desks and chairs are adequate height.

e. Instruct child to squint when reading.

Answer: A, C, D

Rationale: Children who are beginning to read need books with large type in which the letters are spaced far apart. The lighting must be adequate and without glare. Chairs and desks must be of the proper height.

The nurse is performing a neurological assessment on a 10-month-old infant using a modified Glasgow Coma Scale. What score will the nurse give if the child is babbling?

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

Answer: d. 4

Rationale: If babbling, the 10-month-old infant receives a score of 4 for responses.

An 8-year-old near-drowning victim is rushed into the ED. What priorities of care will be implemented? (Select all that apply.)

a. Parental education regarding prevention.

b. Respiratory support.

c. Cardiovascular support.

d. Controlled rewarming.

e. Adequate cerebral oxygenation.

Answer: B, C, D, E

Rationale: Respiratory and cardiovascular support, controlled rewarming, and maintenance of adequate cerebral oxygenation are priorities of care. The parents should be offered support, explanations of the therapy, and referral to social services, religious, or community agencies for follow-up.

The sign that suggests possible damage to the cortex of the brain is ____________ posturing.

Answer: decorticate

Rationale: Decorticate posturing is a flexor rigidity of the arms, wrists, fingers, and feet. This posture suggests injury to the brain cortex.

The nurse records the finding of ______________ _____________ when the child with meningitis cries out in pain when his head is flexed toward his chest.

Answer: nuchal rigidity

Rationale: Stiffness of the neck resulting from inflamed meninges is a sign of meningitis called nuchal rigidity.

The cranial nerve responsible for allowing an infant to suck and swallow formula from a bottle is the __________________ nerve.

Answer: hypoglossal

Rationale: The hypoglossal (XII) nerve allows the infant to be able to suck and swallow. It is also responsible for tongue movement.

__________________ occurs when there is a change in the atmospheric pressure between the internal body systems and the surrounding environment.

Answer: Barotrauma

Rationale: Barotrauma occurs when there is a change in the atmospheric pressure between the internal body systems and the surrounding environment.