Lead poisoning (also known as plumbism) was common in Roman times because of the use of lead in water pipes and in wine containers. Show
What is Lead Poisoning?Lead poisoning is a worldwide pediatric problem.
Statistics and IncidencesAccording to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the percentage of confirmed blood lead levels (BLLs) ≥10 µg/dL in US children younger than 72 months fell from 7.61% in 1997 to 0.56% in 2013. via: World Health Organization
CausesLead toxicity may be caused by inorganic or organic lead. via: World Health Organization
Clinical ManifestationsThe clinical picture associated with lead poisoning is vague; symptoms are not specific enough to alarm the physician about lead toxicity.
Assessment and Diagnostic FindingsIn the early 1990s, both the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommended universal screening for lead toxicity in children at 1 and 2 years of age.
Medical ManagementTreatment of lead toxicity involves the prevention of further lead exposure, decontamination, chelation, and supportive therapy.
Pharmacologic ManagementMedications for a child who has lead poisoning include:
Nursing ManagementNursing care for a child who has lead poisoning include: Nursing AssessmentAssessment of a child who experiences lead poisoning involves:
Nursing DiagnosesBased on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnoses are:
Nursing Care Planning and GoalsThe major goals are:
Nursing InterventionsThe nursing interventions are:
EvaluationGoals are met as evidenced by:
Documentation GuidelinesDocumentation in a child who underwent lead poisoning include:
Practice Quiz: Lead PoisoningHere’s a 5-item quiz for Lead Poisoning study guide. Please visit our nursing test bank page for more NCLEX practice questions. 1. The nurse is caring for a 2-year-old who is being treated with chelation therapy, calcium disodium edetate, for lead poisoning. The nurse should be alert for which of the following side effects? A. Ototoxicity. 1. Answer: B. Nephrotoxicity.
2. Nurse Gloria is teaching the Mr. and Mrs. Diaz about the early signs and symptoms of lead poisoning; which of the following if stated by the couple would indicate the need for further understanding of the case? A.
Anorexia. 2. Answer: D. Seizures.
3. Nurse Kelly is teaching the parents of a young child how to handle poisoning. If the child ingests poison, what should the parents do first? A. Call an ambulance immediately. 3. Answer B. Call the poison control center.
4. The client with lead poisoning is being treated with Dimercaprol. Which of the following found in the client’s history should the nurse be alerted for? A. An allergy to egg. 4. Answer: C. An allergy to peanuts.
5. Nurse Betina knows that screening for lead poisoning begins when a child reaches which age? A. 6 months. 5. Answer: C. 18 months.
Which medication would the nurse anticipate will be prescribed for a toddler with lead poisoning?Use of chelating agents is recommended for children with venous lead levels of 45 μg/dL or higher; these include oral succimer and parenteral calcium disodium edetate (calcium EDTA) and British antilewisite (BAL; dimercaprol).
Which is the priority need that must be included in the nursing care for a child with pneumonia?Initial priorities in children with pneumonia include the identification and treatment of respiratory distress, hypoxemia, and hypercarbia. Grunting, flaring, severe tachypnea, and retractions should prompt immediate respiratory support.
Which food should the nurse recommend for a toddlerTo prevent rickets, make sure your child eats foods that contain vitamin D naturally — fatty fish such as salmon and tuna, fish oil and egg yolks — or that have been fortified with vitamin D, such as: Infant formula. Cereal.
Which immunization would the nurse anticipate administering to a 4 year old client?The IPV immunization series consists of 4 doses and is administered at the ages of 2 months, 4 months, 6 to 18 months, and 4 to 6 years.
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