What are the eight aspects of voice usage you should concentrate on in your speeches?

Q: What are the aspects of voice to consider in order to improve delivery?

The 5 Ps of vocal delivery Power: how loud or soft (including a whisper) you speak. Pace: how fast or slowly you speak. Pitch: how you use your voice to communicate emotion. Pause: how you use a quiet moment either for emphasis or to allow listeners to absorb what you are saying.

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What are the aspects of voice usage?
What are the five aspects of voice usage?
What are the 5 steps you should follow when practicing your speech delivery?
What are the aspects of voice to consider in order to improve delivery?

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1. In what ways is public speaking likely to make a difference in your life?	Public speaking is a way to express your ideas and to have an impact on issues that matter in society. It can make a difference in things people care about very much.
2. How is public speaking similar to everyday conversation?	You organize your thoughts logically, tailor your message to the audience, tell a story for maximum impact and adapt to feedback
3. How is public speaking different from everyday conversation?	Public speaking is more highly structured, requires more formal language and it requires a different method of delivery
4. Why is it normal--even desirable--to be nervous at the start of a speech?	Nervousness is a healthy sign they are getting “psyched up” for a good effort.
5. How can you control your nervousness and make it work for you in your speeches?	Acquire speaking experience, prepare, think positively, use the power of visualization, know that most nervousness is not visible and don’t expect perfection
6. What are the seven elements of the speech communication process? How do they interact to determine the success or failure of a speech?	Speaker, message, channel, listener, feedback, interference and situation—the speaker is the person who initiates a speech transaction. Whatever the speaker communicates is the message, which is sent by means of a particular channel. The listener receives
7. What is ethnocentrism? Why do public speakers need to avoid ethnocentrism when addressing audiences with diverse cultural, racial, or ethnic backgrounds?	Ethnocentrism is the belief that our own group or culture—whatever it may be—is superior to all other groups or cultures. In order to be successful speakers need to adapt their messages to the values and expectations of their listeners.
1. What is ethics? Why is a strong sense of ethical responsibility vital for public speakers?	Ethics is the branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs
2. What are the five guidelines for ethical speechmaking discussed in this chapter?	Make sure your goals are ethically sound, be fully prepared for each speech, be honest in what you say, avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language and put ethical principles into practice
3. What is the difference between global plagiarism and patchwork plagiarism? What are the best ways to avoid these two kids of plagiarism?	Global plagiarism-stealing your speech entirely from another source and passing it off as your own, Patchwork plagiarism-a speaker uses pieces from two or three sources, work on your speech as soon as possible, the longer you work on it the more apt you a
4. What is incremental plagiarism? How can you steer clear of it when dealing with quotations and paraphrases?	The speaker fails to give credit for particular parts of the speech that are borrowed from other people. Quotes- attribute the words to that person, Paraphrase- restate their ideas in your own words
5. What are the three guidelines for ethical listening discussed in this chapter?	Be courteous and attentive, avoid prejudging the speaker and maintain the free and open expression of ideas
1. What two major steps are discussed in this chapter for developing your introductory speech?	Focusing your topic and developing your topic
2. When organizing your introductory speech, you should divide it into what three sections?	Introduction, Body, Conclusion
3. What method of delivery does this chapter recommend for your introductory speech?	Extemporaneously- combining the careful preparation and structure of a manuscript presentation with the spontaneity and enthusiasm of an unrehearsed talk
4. What steps should you take when rehearsing your first speech?	Rehearse out loud, ask friend and family to listen and give feedback, time your speech (make sure it runs longer at home when timed)
5. What five elements of speech delivery are discussed in this chapter with regard to presenting your first speech?	Starting your speech, gestures, eye contact, voice, dealing with nerves
1. What is the difference between hearing and listening?	Hearing=physiological process, involving the vibration of sound waves on our eardrums and the firing of electrochemical impulses from the inner ear to the central auditory system of the brain. Listening=paying close attention to and making sense of what
2. How is listening connected with critical thinking?	Critical thinking and listening both separate fact from opinion, spot weaknesses in reasoning and judge the soundness of evidence
3. Why is it important to develop strong listening skills?	Listening is a main part of your life
4. What are the four main causes of poor listening?	Not concentrating, listening too hard, jumping to conclusions and focusing on delivery and personal appearance
5. What are seven ways to become a better listener?	Take listening seriously, be an active listener, resist distractions, don’t be diverted by appearance or delivery, suspend judgment, focus your listening and develop note taking skills
1. Why must a public speaker be audience-centered?	To gain a desired response from listeners
2. What does it mean to say that people are egocentric? What implications does the egocentrism of audiences hold for you as a public speaker?	They pay closer attention to things that mean the most to them. Values, beliefs and well-beings
3. What are the six demographic traits of audiences discussed in this chapter? Why is each important to audience analysis?	Age, gender, religion, sexual orientation, racial, ethnic, and cultural background and group membership. Useful tool in understanding the audience and provide important clues about audience.
4. What is situational audience analysis? What factors do you need to consider in situational audience analysis?	Builds on demographical audience analysis, identifies traits of the audience unique to the speaking situation at hand. Size, physical setting, disposition toward the topic, disposition toward the speaker and disposition toward the occasion.
5. How can you get information about an audience?	Observation, conversation, talking to previous speakers, questionnaires,
6. What are the three kinds of questions used in questionnaires? Why is it a good idea to use all three in audience analysis?	Fixed-alternative questions, scale questions and open-ended questions, receive specific and more detailed information about the audience and their thoughts on the topic
7. What methods can you use to adapt your speech to your audience before the speech? During the speech?	Assessing how your audience is likely to respond to what you say and adjusting what you say to make it as clear and convincing as possible. Condense your speech, adjust your delivery, keep your eye out for audience feedback if they look confused go back o
1. What are the three purposes of a speech of introduction? What guidelines should you follow in preparing such a speech?	Build enthusiasm for the upcoming speaker, build enthusiasm for the speakers topic and establish a welcoming climate that will boost the speakers credibility. Be brief, make sure your remarks are completely accurate, adapt your remarks to the occasion, ad
2. What is the main theme of a speech of presentation? Depending on the audience and occasion, what two other themes might you include in such a speech?	Given when someone receives an award, tells why someone was awarded that. Explain the award, praise the losers if the audience is aware of who the losers are
3. What are the three major traits of a good acceptance speech?	Brevity, humility and graciousness
4. What is the fundamental purpose of a commemorative speech? Why does a successful commemorative speech depend so much on the creative and subtle use of language?	Speeches of praise or celebration. The success depends largely on how well you put into language the thoughts and feelings appropriate to the occasion.
1. Why is it important that speeches be organized clearly and coherently?	It is closely connected to critical thinking, boost confidence and improve ability to deliver a speech
2. How many main points will your speeches usually contain? Why is it important to limit the number of main points in your speeches?	2 or 3, because listeners can’t keep track of a multitude of main points
3. What are the five basic patterns of organizing main points in a speech? Which are appropriate for informative speeches? Which is most appropriate for persuasive speeches? Which is used most often?	Chronological, spatial, problem-solution, topical and casual—spatial—casual—topical
4. What are three tips for preparing your main points?	Keep main points separate, try to use the same pattern of wording for main points, balance the amount of time devoted to main points
5. What is the most important thing to remember when organizing supporting materials in the body of your speech?	Make sure they are directly relevant to the main points
6. What are the four kinds of speech connectives? What role does each play in a speech?	Transitions: indicate when a though is completed—Internal Previews: let audience know what the speaker will take up next—Internal Summaries: reverse of internal previews, remind listeners what they just heard—Signposts: brief statements indicate where you
1. What are the four objectives of a speech introduction?	Get the attention and interest of your audience, reveal the topic of your speech, establish your credibility and goodwill, and preview the body of your speech
2. What are seven methods you can use in the introduction to get the attention and interest of you audience?	Relate the topic to the audience, state the importance of the topic, startle the audience, arouse the curiosity of the audience, question the audience, begin with a quotation, tell a story
3. Why is it important to establish your credibility at the beginning of your speech?	So the audience knows you are qualified to speak about the topic
4. What is a preview statement? Why should you nearly always include a preview statement in the introduction of your speech?	Identifies the main points to be discussed, is a smooth transition to the body
5. What are the six tips for you introduction?	Keep the intro brief, be on lookout for materials, be creative, don’t worry about exact wording until you finish the body, work out intro in detail, don’t start talking too soon make sure the audience has quieted down
6. What are the major functions of a speech conclusion?	To let the audience know you are ending the speech, reinforce the audience’s understanding of the central idea
7. What are two ways you can signal the end of your speech?	“in conclusion” “my purpose has been” “let me end by saying”, also by the manner of delivery
8. What are four ways to reinforce the central idea when concluding your speech?	Summarize, end with quotation, make a dramatic statement, and refer to intro
9. What are four tips for you conclusion?	Keep eye out for possible materials, conclude with a bang not a whimper, don’t be long-winded, don’t leave anything to chance
1. Why is it important to outline your speeches?	Make sure that related ideas are together, thoughts flow from one to another, and structure is coherent
2. What is a preparation outline? What are the eight guidelines discussed in this chapter for writing a preparation outline?	Detailed outline developed during process of speech preparation that includes the title, specific purpose, central idea, introduction, main points, sub points, connectives, conclusion, and bibliography of a speech—state specific purpose of your speech, id
3. What is a speaking outline? What are four guidelines for your speaking outline?	Brief outline used to jog a speakers memory during the presentation of a speech—follow the visual framework used in the preparation outline, make sure the outline is legible, keep the outline as brief as possible and give yourself cues for delivering the
1. How does language help create our sense of reality?	By giving meaning to events
2. What is the difference between denotative and connotative meaning? How might you use each to convey your message most effectively?	Denotative=precise, literal, and objective, describes the object, person, place or event to which the word refers: Connotative=variable, figurative, and subjective, gives words what they suggest or imply, give them their intensity and emotional power
3. What are four criteria for using language effectively in your speeches?	Accurately, Clearly, appropriately, vividly
4. What are three things you should do to use language clearly in your speeches?	Use familiar words, choose concrete words, and eliminate clutter
5. What are two ways to bring your speeches to life with vivid, animated language?	Imagery and parallelism
6. What does it mean to say you should use language appropriately in you speeches?	language should be appropriate to the occasion, to the audience, to the topic and to the speaker
7. Why is it important for a public speaker to use inclusive language? What four usages of inclusive language have become so widely accepted that no speaker	Inclusive language does not stereotype, demean, patronize, it is important to use because the US is so diverse and must be respectful to all: avoid the generic “he”, avoid the use of “man” when referring to both men and women, avoid stereotyping jobs and
1. What is nonverbal communication? Why is it important to effective public speaking?	Speech delivery is nonverbal communication. Expresses the speakers ideas clearly, engagingly and without distracting the audience
2. What are the elements of good speech delivery?	Speaking intelligibly, avoiding distracting mannerisms, and maintaining eye contact
3. What are the four methods of speech delivery?	Reading from a manuscript, reciting from memory, speaking impromptu, and speaking extemporaneously
4. What are the eight aspects of voice usage you should concentrate on in your speeches?	Volume, pitch, rate, pauses, vocal variety, pronunciation, articulation and dialect
5. What are four aspects of bodily action you should concentrate on in your speeches?	Personal appearance, movement, gestures, eye contact
6. What are five steps you should follow when practicing your speech delivery?	Go through preparation outline aloud, prepare speaking outline, practice speech aloud several times using only speaking outline, polish and refine delivery, give speech dress rehearsal under conditions as close as possible to those you will face in class
7. What steps should you take when preparing for a question-and-answer session? What should you concentrate on when responding to questions during the session?	Formulate answers to possible questions, practice delivery of your answers: approach with positive attitude, listen carefully, direct answers to the entire audience, be honest and straightforward and stay on track
1. What three brainstorming methods can you follow if you are having trouble choosing a topic for your speech?	Personal inventory, clustering, and Internet search
2. What are two general purposes of most classroom speeches? How do they differ?	Subjects you know a lot about and topics you want to know more about.
3. Why is determining the specific purpose such an important early step in speech preparation? Why is it important to include the audience in the specific purpose statement?	It helps keep the audience at the center of your attention as you prepare your speech. It helps relate the topic to the audience.
4. What are five tips for formulating your specific purpose?	Write the purpose statement as a full infinitive phrase, not as a fragment. Express your purpose as a statement, not as a question. Avoid figurative language in your purpose statement. Limit your purpose statement to one distinct idea. Make sure your spec
5. What are five questions to ask about your specific purpose?	Does my purpose meet the assignment? Can I accomplish my purpose in the time allotted? Is the purpose relevant to my audience? Is the purpose too trivial for my audience? Is the Purpose too technical for my audience?
6. What is the difference between the specific purpose and the central idea of a speech? What are four guidelines for an effective central idea?	Specific purpose= focuses on one aspect of a topic, Central idea= concise statement of what you expect to say: Should be expressed in a full sentence, Should not be in the form of a question, Should avoid figurative language, and should not be vague or ov
1. What are the four types of informative speeches discussed in the chapter? Give an example of a good specific purpose statement for each type.	Speeches about objects, speeches about processes, speeches about events, and speeches about concepts
2. Why must informative speakers be careful not to overestimate what the audience knows about the topic? What can you do to make sure your ideas don’t pass over the heads of your listeners?	The more you assume they know about the topic, the greater your chances of being misunderstood.
3. What should you do as an informative speaker to relate your topic directly to the audiences?	Use personal items
4. What two things should you watch out for in making sure your speech is not overly technical?	Straightforward language and easy to grasp ideas
5. What are three methods you can use to avoid abstractions in your informative speech?	Use description, comparisons and contrast
6. What are the three kinds of questions used in questionnaires? Why is it a good idea to use all three in audience analysis?	Fixed-alternative questions, scale questions and open-ended questions, receive specific and more detailed information about the audience and their thoughts on the topic
7. What methods can you use to adapt your speech to your audience before the speech? During the speech?	Assessing how your audience is likely to respond to what you say and adjusting what you say to make it as clear and convincing as possible. Condense your speech, adjust your delivery, keep your eye out for audience feedback if they look confused go back o
1. What are the three purposes of a speech of introduction? What guidelines should you follow in preparing such a speech?	Build enthusiasm for the upcoming speaker, build enthusiasm for the speakers topic and establish a welcoming climate that will boost the speakers credibility. Be brief, make sure your remarks are completely accurate, adapt your remarks to the occasion, ad
2. What is the main theme of a speech of presentation? Depending on the audience and occasion, what two other themes might you include in such a speech?	Given when someone receives an award, tells why someone was awarded that. Explain the award, praise the losers if the audience is aware of who the losers are
3. What are the three major traits of a good acceptance speech?	Brevity, humility and graciousness
4. What is the fundamental purpose of a commemorative speech? Why does a successful commemorative speech depend so much on the creative and subtle use of language?	Speeches of praise or celebration. The success depends largely on how well you put into language the thoughts and feelings appropriate to the occasion.
1. Why is it important that speeches be organized clearly and coherently?	It is closely connected to critical thinking, boost confidence and improve ability to deliver a speech
2. How many main points will your speeches usually contain? Why is it important to limit the number of main points in your speeches?	2 or 3, because listeners can’t keep track of a multitude of main points
3. What are the five basic patterns of organizing main points in a speech? Which are appropriate for informative speeches? Which is most appropriate for persuasive speeches? Which is used most often?	Chronological, spatial, problem-solution, topical and casual—spatial—casual—topical
4. What are three tips for preparing your main points?	Keep main points separate, try to use the same pattern of wording for main points, balance the amount of time devoted to main points
5. What is the most important thing to remember when organizing supporting materials in the body of your speech?	Make sure they are directly relevant to the main points
6. What are the four kinds of speech connectives? What role does each play in a speech?	Transitions: indicate when a though is completed—Internal Previews: let audience know what the speaker will take up next—Internal Summaries: reverse of internal previews, remind listeners what they just heard—Signposts: brief statements indicate where you
1. What are the four objectives of a speech introduction?	Get the attention and interest of your audience, reveal the topic of your speech, establish your credibility and goodwill, and preview the body of your speech
2. What are seven methods you can use in the introduction to get the attention and interest of you audience?	Relate the topic to the audience, state the importance of the topic, startle the audience, arouse the curiosity of the audience, question the audience, begin with a quotation, tell a story
3. Why is it important to establish your credibility at the beginning of your speech?	So the audience knows you are qualified to speak about the topic
4. What is a preview statement? Why should you nearly always include a preview statement in the introduction of your speech?	Identifies the main points to be discussed, is a smooth transition to the body
5. What are the six tips for you introduction?	Keep the intro brief, be on lookout for materials, be creative, don’t worry about exact wording until you finish the body, work out intro in detail, don’t start talking too soon make sure the audience has quieted down
6. What are the major functions of a speech conclusion?	To let the audience know you are ending the speech, reinforce the audience’s understanding of the central idea
7. What are two ways you can signal the end of your speech?	“in conclusion” “my purpose has been” “let me end by saying”, also by the manner of delivery
8. What are four ways to reinforce the central idea when concluding your speech?	Summarize, end with quotation, make a dramatic statement, and refer to intro
9. What are four tips for you conclusion?	Keep eye out for possible materials, conclude with a bang not a whimper, don’t be long-winded, don’t leave anything to chance
1. Why is it important to outline your speeches?	Make sure that related ideas are together, thoughts flow from one to another, and structure is coherent
2. What is a preparation outline? What are the eight guidelines discussed in this chapter for writing a preparation outline?	Detailed outline developed during process of speech preparation that includes the title, specific purpose, central idea, introduction, main points, sub points, connectives, conclusion, and bibliography of a speech—state specific purpose of your speech, id
3. What is a speaking outline? What are four guidelines for your speaking outline?	Brief outline used to jog a speakers memory during the presentation of a speech—follow the visual framework used in the preparation outline, make sure the outline is legible, keep the outline as brief as possible and give yourself cues for delivering the
1. How does language help create our sense of reality?	By giving meaning to events
2. What is the difference between denotative and connotative meaning? How might you use each to convey your message most effectively?	Denotative=precise, literal, and objective, describes the object, person, place or event to which the word refers: Connotative=variable, figurative, and subjective, gives words what they suggest or imply, give them their intensity and emotional power
3. What are four criteria for using language effectively in your speeches?	Accurately, Clearly, appropriately, vividly
4. What are three things you should do to use language clearly in your speeches?	Use familiar words, choose concrete words, and eliminate clutter
5. What are two ways to bring your speeches to life with vivid, animated language?	Imagery and parallelism
6. What does it mean to say you should use language appropriately in you speeches?	language should be appropriate to the occasion, to the audience, to the topic and to the speaker
7. Why is it important for a public speaker to use inclusive language? What four usages of inclusive language have become so widely accepted that no speaker can afford to ignore them?	Inclusive language does not stereotype, demean, patronize, it is important to use because the US is so diverse and must be respectful to all: avoid the generic “he”, avoid the use of “man” when referring to both men and women, avoid stereotyping jobs and
1. What is nonverbal communication? Why is it important to effective public speaking?	Speech delivery is nonverbal communication. Expresses the speakers ideas clearly, engagingly and without distracting the audience
2. What are the elements of good speech delivery?	Speaking intelligibly, avoiding distracting mannerisms, and maintaining eye contact
3. What are the four methods of speech delivery?	Reading from a manuscript, reciting from memory, speaking impromptu, and speaking extemporaneously
4. What are the eight aspects of voice usage you should concentrate on in your speeches?	Volume, pitch, rate, pauses, vocal variety, pronunciation, articulation and dialect
5. What are four aspects of bodily action you should concentrate on in your speeches?	Personal appearance, movement, gestures, eye contact
6. What are five steps you should follow when practicing your speech delivery?	Go through preparation outline aloud, prepare speaking outline, practice speech aloud several times using only speaking outline, polish and refine delivery, give speech dress rehearsal under conditions as close as possible to those you will face in class
7. What steps should you take when preparing for a question-and-answer session? What should you concentrate on when responding to questions during the session?	Formulate answers to possible questions, practice delivery of your answers: approach with positive attitude, listen carefully, direct answers to the entire audience, be honest and straightforward and stay on track
1. What three brainstorming methods can you follow if you are having trouble choosing a topic for your speech?	Personal inventory, clustering, and Internet search
2. What are two general purposes of most classroom speeches? How do they differ?	Subjects you know a lot about and topics you want to know more about.
3. Why is determining the specific purpose such an important early step in speech preparation? Why is it important to include the audience in the specific purpose statement?	It helps keep the audience at the center of your attention as you prepare your speech. It helps relate the topic to the audience.
4. What are five tips for formulating your specific purpose?	Write the purpose statement as a full infinitive phrase, not as a fragment. Express your purpose as a statement, not as a question. Avoid figurative language in your purpose statement. Limit your purpose statement to one distinct idea. Make sure your spec
5. What are five questions to ask about your specific purpose?	Does my purpose meet the assignment? Can I accomplish my purpose in the time allotted? Is the purpose relevant to my audience? Is the purpose too trivial for my audience? Is the Purpose too technical for my audience?
6. What is the difference between the specific purpose and the central idea of a speech? What are four guidelines for an effective central idea?	Specific purpose= focuses on one aspect of a topic, Central idea= concise statement of what you expect to say: Should be expressed in a full sentence, Should not be in the form of a question, Should avoid figurative language, and should not be vague or ov
1. What are the four types of informative speeches discussed in the chapter? Give an example of a good specific purpose statement for each type.	Speeches about objects, speeches about processes, speeches about events, and speeches about concepts
2. Why must informative speakers be careful not to overestimate what the audience knows about the topic? What can you do to make sure your ideas don’t pass over the heads of your listeners?	The more you assume they know about the topic, the greater your chances of being misunderstood.
3. What should you do as an informative speaker to relate your topic directly to the audiences?	Use personal items
4. What two things should you watch out for in making sure your speech is not overly technical?	Straightforward language and easy to grasp ideas
5. What are three methods you can use to avoid abstractions in your informative speech?	Use description, comparisons and contrast
6. What does it mean to say that informative speakers should personalize their ideas?	Dramatize them in human terms
7. Why is it important for informative speakers to be creative in thinking about ways to communicate their ideas?	You are much more likely to be successful
1. Why is it important to draw on your own knowledge and experience in gathering materials for your speeches?	Because we know best on those subjects we speak about
2. What are five resources for finding what you need in the library?	Librarians, catalogue, reference works, newspaper and periodical databases and academic databases
3. What are three criteria for evaluating the soundness of research materials that you find on the internet?	Authorship, sponsorship and recency
4. What are the three stages of a research interview? What should you do in each stage to help ensue a successful interview?	Before, during and after: Before-define the purpose, decide who to interview, arrange the interview, decide whether to record the interview, prepare the questions. During- dress appropriately, repeat the purpose, set up the recorder, keep it on track, lis
	The longer you wait the more problems you encounter, it also gives you plenty of time to think about what you find.
6. What is preliminary bibliography? Why is it helpful to you in researching a speech?	A list compiled early in the research process of works that look as if they might contain helpful information about a speech topic. They contain helpful information you may use in your speech.
7. What four things should you do to take research notes efficiently?	Take plenty of notes, record notes in a consistent format, make a separate entry for each note, and distinguish among direct quotations, paraphrases and your own ideas.
1. Why do you need supporting materials in your speeches?	To bolster the speaker’s point of view
2. What are the three kinds of examples discussed in this chapter? How might you use each kind to support your ideas?	Extended examples, brief examples and hypothetical examples. Extended- tell a story vividly and dramatically, brief- referred to in passing to illustrate a point, hypothetical- factual
3. What are five tips for using examples in your speeches?	Clarify your ideas, reinforce ideas, personalize ideas, make examples vivid and richly textured, practice delivery to enhance your extended examples
4. Why is it so easy to lie with statistics? What three questions should you ask to judge the reliability of statistics?	Because numbers change all the time: are they representative? Are the measures used correctly? Are they a reliable source?
5. What are six tips for using statistics in your speeches?	Quantify your ideas, use them sparingly, identify the sources, explain them, round off complicated statistics, and use visual aids
6. What is testimony? Explain the difference between expert testimony and peer testimony.	Quotations or paraphrases used to support a point. Expert testimony- Testimony from people who are recognized experts in their fields: Peer testimony- testimony from ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic.
7. What are four tips for using testimony in your speeches?	Quote or paraphrase accurately, use testimony from qualified sources, use it from unbiased sources, identify the people you quote or paraphrase
8. What four pieces of information do you usually need to provide when making oral source citations in a speech?	The book, magazine, newspaper, or web document you are citing; the author or sponsoring organization of the document; the author’s qualifications with regard to the topic; the date on which the document was published, posted or updated
1. What are the major advantages of using visual aids in your speeches?	Its more interesting and the audience can grasp it easier
2. What kinds of visual aids might you use in a speech?	Objects and models, photographs and drawings, graphs, charts, video, the speaker, and PowerPoint
3. What factors should you consider when planning to use PowerPoint in a speech?	Where to use PowerPoint to strengthen your speech and enhance ideas
4. What are questions of fact? How does a persuasive speech on a question of fact differ from an informative speech? Give an example of a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of fact.	They can be answered absolutely. An informative speech is nonpartisan and a persuasive speech is partisan. Did Lee Harvey Oswald act alone, or was he part of a conspiracy of the JFK shooting?
5. What are questions of value? Give an example of a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of value.	They demand value judgments. Is cloning morally justifiable?
6. What are questions of policy? Give an example of a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of policy.	Deal with specific courses of action. Ponder whether to vote for or against a political candidate as citizens.
7. Explain the difference between passive agreement and immediate action as goals for persuasive speeches on questions of policies.	Passive agreement- get your audience to agree with you that a certain policy is desirable. Immediate action- you want to do more than get your listeners to nod in agreement, you want to motivate them to take action
8. What are the three basic issues you must deal with when discussing a question of policy? What will determine the amount of attention you give to each of these issues in any particular speech?	Need, plan and practicality. The time depends on the topic and the audience
9. What four methods of organization are used most often in persuasive speeches on questions of policy?	Problem-solution, problem-cause-solution, comparative advantages order, Monroe’s motivated sequence
What are the five steps of Monroe’s motivated sequence? Why is the motivated sequence especially useful in speeches that seek immediate action from listeners?	Attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action. It is more detail oriented and follows the process of human thinking.
1. What is credibility? What two factors exert the most influence on an audience’s perception of a speaker’s credibility?	Credibility= the audiences perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic. Competence and character
2. What are the differences among initial credibility, derived credibility and terminal credibility?	Initial credibility= the credibility of the speaker before he or she starts to speak, derived credibility= the credibility of a speaker produced by everything she or he says and does during the speech, terminal credibility= credibility of the speaker at t
3. What are three ways you can enhance your credibility during your speeches?	Explain competence, establish common ground with audience, deliver speeches fluently expressively and with conviction
4. What is evidence? Why do persuasive speakers need to use evidence?	Evidence=supporting materials used to prove or disprove something, enhance credibility, and increase persuasiveness,
5. What are four tips for using evidence effectively in a persuasive speech?	use specific evidence, use novel evidence, use it from credible sources, make clear the point of evidence
6. What is reasoning from specific instances? Why is it important to supplement reasoning from specific instances with testimony or statistics?	Reasoning that moves from particular facts to a general conclusion. To reinforce the argument.
7. What is reasoning from principle? How is it different from reasoning from specific instances?	Reasoning that moves from a general principle to a specific conclusion. It moves from general to specific.
8. What is causal reasoning? Why is the relationship between causes and effects not always clear?	Reasoning that seeks to establish the relationship between causes and effects. Assumption may not always be right
9. What is analogical reasoning? Why is analogical reasoning frequently used in persuasive speeches on questions of policy?	Reasoning in which a speaker compares two similar cases and infers that what is true for the first case is also true for the second. Because a speaker can say it has worked for other cases
What are the ten logical fallacies discussed in this chapter?	Hasty generalization, false cause, invalid analogy, bandwagon, red herring, ad hominem, either-or, slippery slope, appeal to tradition, appeal to novelty
11. What is the role of emotional appeal in persuasive speaking? Identify three methods you can use to generate emotional appeal in your speeches.	To get the audience to feel emotional. Use emotional language, develop vivid examples, speak with sincerity and conviction

What are the aspects of voice usage?

These include rate, volume, pitch, articulation, pronunciation, and fluency. Our voice is important to consider when delivering our speech for two main reasons.

What are the five aspects of voice usage?

Page 1.

There are five elements of voice: diction, detail, imagery, syntax, tone..

Diction is the foundation of voice and contributes to all of its elements..

DETAIL..

Imagery – verbal representation of sensory experience..

Syntax - the way words are arranged within sentences..

What are the 5 steps you should follow when practicing your speech delivery?

5 Simple Steps for Public Speaking.

Step 1: Research and Preparation..

Step 2: Writing Your Speech..

Step 3: Practicing..

Step 4: Putting Together Visual Aids..

Step 5: Handling the Q&A..

What are the aspects of voice to consider in order to improve delivery?

The 5 P's of vocal delivery Power: how loud or soft (including a whisper) you speak. Pace: how fast or slowly you speak. Pitch: how you use your voice to communicate emotion. Pause: how you use a quiet moment either for emphasis or to allow listeners to absorb what you are saying.

What are the eight aspects of voice usage you should concentrate on in your speeches?

What are the aspects of voice usage?

What are the five aspects of voice usage?

What are the 5 steps you should follow when practicing your speech delivery?

What are the aspects of voice to consider in order to improve delivery?

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Which of the following refers to the aspects of the voice that convey information such as tone?

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