To create a two-variable data table to perform what-if analysis in Excel 2010, you enter two ranges of possible input values for the same formula: a range of values for the Row Input Cell in the Data Table dialog box across the first row of the table and a range of values for the Column Input Cell in the dialog box
down the first column of the table. You then enter the formula (or a copy of it) in the cell located at the intersection of this row and column of input values. The steps below for creating a two-variable data table follow a specific example (rather than using generic steps) to help you understand exactly how to use this feature. The following figure shows a Sales Projections worksheet in which two variables are used in calculating the projected sales for the year 2011: a growth rate as a
percentage of increase over last year's sales (in cell B3) and expenses calculated as a percentage of last year's sales (in cell B4). The formula in cell B5 is: =B2+(B2*B3)-(B2*B4). Sales projection worksheet with a series of possible growth and expense percentages to be plugged into a two-variable data table. The column of possible growth rates ranging from 1% to 5.5% is entered down column B in the range B8:B17, and a row of possible expenses percentages is entered in the range C7:F7. Follow these steps to complete the two-variable data table for this example:
The array formula {=TABLE(B4,B3)} that Excel creates for the two-variable data table in this example specifies both a Row Input Cell argument (B4) and a Column Input Cell argument (B3). Because this single array formula is entered into the entire data table range of C8:F17, keep in mind that any editing (in terms of moving or deleting) is restricted to the entire range. About This ArticleThis article is from the book:
About the book author:Greg Harvey, PhD, is president of Mind Over Media, Inc. He is the author of all editions of Excel For Dummies, Excel All-in-One For Dummies, Excel Workbook For Dummies, and Windows For Dummies Quick Reference. He's also an experienced educator. This article can be found in the category:
The Tableau functions in this reference are organized alphabetically. Click a letter to see functions that start with it. If no functions start with that letter, the functions that start with the next letter in the alphabet are shown. You can also press Ctrl+F (Command-F on a Mac) to open a search box that you can use to search the page for a specific function. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ABS(number)Returns the absolute value of the given number. Examples The second example returns the absolute value for all the numbers contained in the ACOS(number)Returns the arc cosine of the given number. The result is in radians. Example AREA(geometry, 'units')Returns the total surface area of a spatial polygon. Supported unit names: meters ("meters," "metres" "m"), kilometers ("kilometers," "kilometres," "km"), miles ("miles" or "mi"), feet ("feet," "ft"). Example ASCII(string)Return the ASCII code for the first character of Example
ASIN(number)Returns the arc sine of a given number. The result is in radians. Example ATAN(number)Returns the arc tangent of a given number. The result is in radians. Example ATAN2(y number, x number)Returns the arc tangent of two given numbers (x and y). The result is in radians. Example ATTR(expression)Returns the value of the expression if it has a single value for all rows. Otherwise returns an asterisk. Null values are ignored. AVG(expression)Returns the average of all the values in the expression. AVG can be used with numeric fields only. Null values are ignored. BUFFER(geometry, number, 'units')Returns distance measurement between two points in a specified unit. Supported unit names: meters ("meters," "metres" "m"), kilometers ("kilometers," "kilometres," "km"), miles ("miles" or "mi"), feet ("feet," "ft"). This function can only be created with a live connection and will continue to work when a data source is converted to an extract. Example CASECASE <expression> WHEN <value1> THEN <return1> WHEN <value2> THEN <return2> ... ELSE <default return> END Use the CASE function to perform logical tests and return appropriate values.
CASE is often easier to use than IIF or IF THEN ELSE. The CASE function evaluates Examples CEILING(number)Rounds a number to the nearest integer of equal or greater value. Example Availability by data source
CHAR(number)Returns the character encoded by the ASCII code Example COLLECT (spatial)An aggregate calculation that combines the values in the argument field. Null values are ignored. Note: The COLLECT function can only be used with spatial fields. Example CONTAINS(string, substring)Returns true if the given string contains the specified substring. Example CORR(expression 1, expression2)Returns the Pearson correlation coefficient of two expressions. The Pearson correlation measures the linear relationship between two variables. Results range from -1 to +1 inclusive, where 1 denotes an exact positive linear relationship, as when a positive change in one variable implies a positive change of corresponding magnitude in the other, 0 denotes no linear relationship between the variance, and −1 is an exact negative relationship. Availability by data source
For other data sources, consider either extracting the data or using WINDOW_CORR. See Table Calculation Functions. ExampleYou can use CORR to visualize correlation in a disaggregated scatter plot. The way to do this is to use a table-scoped level of detail expression. For example: With a level of detail expression, the correlation is run over all rows. If you used a formula like See Table-Scoped COS(number)Returns the cosine of an angle. Specify the angle in radians. Example COT(number)Returns the cotangent of an angle. Specify the angle in radians. Example COUNT(expression)Returns the number of items in a group. Null values are not counted. COUNTD(expression)Returns the number of distinct items in a group. Null values are not counted. This function is not available in the following cases: workbooks created before Tableau Desktop 8.2 that use Microsoft Excel or text file data sources, workbooks that use the legacy connection, and workbooks that use Microsoft Access data sources. Extract your data into an extract file to use this function. See Extract Your Data. COVAR(expression 1, expression2)Returns the sample covariance of two expressions. Covariance quantifies how two variables change together. A positive covariance indicates that the variables tend to move in the same direction, as when larger values of one variable tend to correspond to larger values of the other variable, on average. Sample covariance uses the number of non-null data points n - 1 to normalize the covariance calculation, rather than n, which is used by the population covariance (available with the COVARP function). Sample covariance is the appropriate choice when the data is a random sample that is being used to estimate the covariance for a larger population. Availabiltiy by data source
For other data sources, consider either extracting the data or using WINDOW_COVAR. See Table Calculation Functions. If expression1 and expression2 are the same—for example, COVAR([profit], [profit])—COVAR returns a value that indicates how widely values are distributed. Note: The value of COVAR(X, X) is equivalent to the value of VAR(X) and also to the value of STDEV(X)^2. ExampleThe following formula returns the sample covariance of Sales and Profit. COVARP(expression 1, expression2)Returns the population covariance of two expressions. Covariance quantifies how two variables change together. A positive covariance indicates that the variables tend to move in the same direction, as when larger values of one variable tend to correspond to larger values of the other variable, on average. Population covariance is sample covariance multiplied by (n-1)/n, where n is the total number of non-null data points. Population covariance is the appropriate choice when there is data available for all items of interest as opposed to when there is only a random subset of items, in which case sample covariance (with the COVAR function) is appropriate. Availability by data source
For other data sources, consider either extracting the data or using WINDOW_COVARP. See Table Calculation Functions. If expression1 and expression2 are the same—for example, COVARP([profit], [profit])—COVARP returns a value that indicates how widely values are distributed. Note: The value of COVARP(X, X) is equivalent to the value of VARP(X) and also to the value of STDEVP(X)^2. ExampleThe following formula returns the population covariance of Sales and Profit. DATE(expression)Returns a date given a number, string, or date expression. Examples Quotation marks are required in the second and third examples. DATEADD(date_part, interval, date)Returns the specified date with the specified number Example This expression adds three months to the date DATEDIFF(date_part, date1, date2, [start_of_week])Returns the difference between The Example The first expression returns 1 because when DATENAME(date_part, date, [start_of_week])Returns Examples DATEPARSE(format, string)Converts a string to a datetime in the specified format. Support for some locale-specific formats is determined by the computer's system settings. Letters that appear in the data and do not need to be parsed should be surrounded by single quotes (' '). For formats that do not have delimiters between values (for example, MMddyy), verify that they are parsed as expected. The format must be a
constant string, not a field value. This function returns This function is available for several connectors. For more information, see Convert a Field to a Date Field. Examples DATEPART(date_part, date, [start_of_week])Returns The Note: When the Examples DATETIME(expression)Returns a datetime given a number, string, or date expression. Example DATETRUNC(date_part, date, [start_of_week])Truncates the specified date to the accuracy specified by the date_part. This function returns a new date. For example, when you truncate a date that is in the middle of the month at the month level, this function returns
the first day of the month. The Examples DAY(date)Returns the day of the given date as an integer. Example DEGREES(number)Converts a given number in radians to degrees. Example DISTANCE(Geometry1, Geometry2, "Units")Returns distance measurement between two points in a specified unit. Supported unit names: meters ("meters," "metres" "m), kilometers ("kilometers," "kilometres," "km"), miles ("miles" or "miles"), feet ("feet," "ft"). This function can only be created with a live connection and will continue to work when a data source is converted to an extract. Examples DIV(integer1, integer2)Returns the integer part of a division operation, in which integer1 is divided by integer2. Example DOMAIN(string_url)Note : Supported only when connected to Google BigQuery Given a URL string, returns the domain as a string. ExampleDOMAIN('http://www.google.com:80/index.html') = 'google.com' ELSESee IF THEN ELSE. ELSEIFSee IF THEN ELSE. ENDUsed with functions like IF and CASE to indicate the end of the series of expressions. ENDSWITH(string, substring)Returns true if the given string ends with the specified substring. Trailing white spaces are ignored. Example EXP(number)Returns e raised to the power of the given number. Examples FIND(string, substring, [start])Returns the index position of Examples FINDNTH(string, substring, occurrence)Returns the position of the nth occurrence of substring within the specified string, where n is defined by the occurrence argument. Note: FINDNTH is not available for all data sources. Example FIRST( )Returns the number of rows from the current row to the first row in the partition. For example, the view below shows quarterly sales. When FIRST() is computed within the Date partition, the offset of the first row from the second row is -1.
 ExampleWhen the current row index is 3, FLOAT(expression)Casts its argument as a floating point number. Examples FLOOR(number)Rounds a number to the nearest integer of equal or lesser value. Example Availability by data source
FULLNAME( )Returns the full name for the current user. This is the Tableau Server or Tableau Cloud full name when the user is signed in; otherwise the local or network full name for the Tableau Desktop user. Example If manager Dave Hallsten is signed in, this example returns True only if the Manager field in the view contained Dave Hallsten. When used as a filter, this calculated field can be used to create a user filter that only shows data that is relevant to the person signed in to the server. GET_JSON_OBJECT(JSON string, JSON path)Note: Supported only when connected to Hadoop Hive. Returns the JSON object within the JSON string based on the JSON path. GROUP_CONCAT(expression)Note : Supported only when connected to Google BigQuery Concatenates values from each record into a single comma-delimited string. This function acts like a SUM() for strings. ExampleGROUP_CONCAT(Region) = "Central,East,West" HEXBINX(number, number)Maps an x, y coordinate to the x-coordinate of the nearest hexagonal bin. The bins have side length 1, so the inputs may need to be scaled appropriately. HEXBINX and HEXBINY are binning and plotting functions for hexagonal bins. Hexagonal bins are an efficient and elegant option for visualizing data in an x/y plane such as a map. Because the bins are hexagonal, each bin closely approximates a circle and minimizes variation in the distance from the data point to the center of the bin. This makes the clustering both more accurate and informative. Example HEXBINY(number, number)Maps an x, y coordinate to the y-coordinate of the nearest hexagonal bin. The bins have side length 1, so the inputs may need to be scaled appropriately. Example HOST(string_url)Note : Supported only when connected to Google BigQuery Given a URL string, returns the host name as a string. ExampleHOST('http://www.google.com:80/index.html') = 'www.google.com:80' IF THEN ELSEIF test THEN value END / IF test THEN value ELSE else END Use the IF THEN ELSE function to perform logical tests and return appropriate values. The IF THEN ELSE function evaluates a sequence of test conditions and returns the value for the first condition that is true. If no condition is true, the ELSE value is returned. Each test must be a boolean: either be a boolean field in the data source or the result of a logical expression. The final ELSE is optional, but if it is not provided and there is no true test expression, then the function returns Null. All of the value expressions must be of the same type. Examples IF THEN ELSEIFIF test1 THEN value1 ELSEIF test2 THEN value2 ELSE else END Use this version of the IF function to perform logical tests recursively. There is no built-in limit to the number of ELSEIF values you can use with an IF function, though individual databases may impose a limit on IF function complexity. While an IF function can be rewritten as a series of nested IIF statements, there are differences in how the expressions will be evaluated. In particular, an IIF statement distinguishes TRUE, FALSE and UNKNOWN, whereas an IF statement only worries about TRUE and not true (which includes both FALSE and UNKNOWN). Example When you create bins from a measure, Tableau creates bins of equal size by default. For example, say you have a measure that represents age. When you create bins from that measure, Tableau makes all the bins of equal size. You can specify how big you want the bins to be, but you cannot specify a separate range of values for each bin. A way around this constraint is to create a calculated field to define bins. Then you can create one bin for ages 0 - 20, another for ages 21 - 32, and so on. The following procedure shows how you could do that.
IIF(test, then, else, [unknown])Use the IIF function to perform logical tests and return appropriate values. The first argument, A boolean comparison may also yield the value UNKNOWN (neither TRUE nor FALSE), usually due to the presence of Null values in test. The final argument to IIF is returned in the event of an UNKNOWN result for the comparison. If this argument is left out, Null is returned. Examples IFNULL(expression1, expression2)The IFNULL function returns the first expression if the result is not null, and returns the second expression if it is null. Example <expression1> IN <expression2>Returns TRUE if <expression1> matches any value in <expression2>. Example INDEX( )Returns the index of the current row in the partition, without any sorting with regard to value. The first row index starts at 1. For example, the table below shows quarterly sales. When INDEX() is computed within the Date partition, the index of each row is 1, 2, 3, 4..., etc.
ExampleFor the third row in the partition,
INT(expression)Casts its argument as an integer. For expressions, this function truncates results to the closest integer toward zero. Examples When a string is converted to an integer it is first converted to a float and then rounded. ISDATE(string)The ISDATE function returns Examples ISFULLNAME(string)Returns true if the current user's full name matches the specified full name, or false if it does not match. This function uses the Tableau Server or Tableau Cloud full name when the user is signed in; otherwise it uses the local or network full name for the Tableau Desktop user. Example This example returns true if Dave Hallsten is the current user, otherwise it returns false. ISMEMBEROF(string)Returns TRUE if the current user is a member of the given group. This uses the logged in Tableau Server or Tableau Cloud site to resolve group membership, otherwise it always returns false. Example ISNULL(expression)The ISNULL function returns ExampleThe following example uses ISNULL in combination with IIF to replace null values with 0's. ISOQUARTER (date)Returns the ISO8601 week-based quarter of a given date as an integer. Example ISOWEEK (date)Returns the ISO8601 week-based week of a given date as an integer. Example ISOWEEKDAY (date)Returns the ISO8601 week-based weekday of a given date as an integer. Example ISOYEAR (date)Returns the ISO8601 week-based year of a given date as an integer. Example ISUSERNAME(string)Returns true if the current user's username matches the specified username, or false if it does not match. This function uses the Tableau Server or Tableau Cloud username when the user is signed in; otherwise it uses the local or network username for the Tableau Desktop user. Example This example returns true if dhallsten is the current user; otherwise it returns false. LAST( )Returns the number of rows from the current row to the last row in the partition. For example, the table below shows quarterly sales. When LAST() is computed within the Date partition, the offset of the last row from the second row is 5.
ExampleWhen the
current row index is 3 of 7, LEFT(string, number)Returns the left-most number of characters in the string. Example LEN(string)Returns the length of the string. Example LN(number)Returns the natural logarithm of a number. Returns LOG(number [, base])Returns the logarithm of a number for the given base. If the base value is omitted, base 10 is used. LOG2(number)Note : Supported only when connected to Google BigQuery Returns the logarithm base 2 of a number. ExampleLOG2(16) = '4.00' LOOKUP(expression, [offset])Returns the value of the expression in a target row, specified as a relative offset from the current row. Use FIRST() + n and LAST() - n as part of your offset definition for a target relative to the first/last rows in the partition. If The view below shows quarterly sales. When
Example LOWER(string)Returns Example LTRIM(string)Returns the string with any leading spaces removed. Example LTRIM_THIS(string, string)Note : Supported only when connected to Google BigQuery Returns the first string with any leading occurrence of the second string removed. Example MAKEDATE(year, month, day)Returns a date value constructed from the specified year, month, and date. Available for Tableau Data Extracts. Check for availability in other data sources. Example MAKEDATETIME(date, time)Returns a datetime that combines a date and a time. The date can be a date, datetime, or a string type. The time must be a datetime. This function is available only for MySQL-compatible connections (which for Tableau are, in addition to MySQL, Amazon Aurora and Amazon Aurora). Examples MAKELINE(geometry1,geometry2) MAKELINE(Geometry1,Geometry2)Generates a line mark between two spatial points; useful for building origin-destination maps. Example MAKEPOINT(Latitude,Longitude)Converts data from latitude and longitude columns into spatial objects. You can use MAKEPOINT to spatially-enable a data source so that it can be joined with a spatial file using a spatial join. To use MAKEPOINT, your data must contain latitude and longitude coordinates. Example MAKEPOINT(Xcoordinate,Ycoordinate,SRID)Converts data from projected geographic coordinates into spatial objects. SRID is a spatial reference identifier that uses ESPG reference system codes to specify coordinate systems. If SRID is not specified, WGS84 is assumed and parameters are treated as latitude/longitude in degrees. This function can only be created with a live connection and will continue to work when a data source is converted to an extract. Example MAKETIME(hour, minute, second)Returns a date value constructed from the specified hour, minute, and second. Available for Tableau Data Extracts. Check for availability in other data sources. Example MAX(a, b)Returns the maximum of
Example MAX(expression) or MAX(expr1, expr2)Usually applied to numbers but also works on dates. Returns the maximum of Examples MAX(number, number)Returns the maximum of the two arguments, which must be of the same type. Returns Examples MEDIAN(expression)Returns the median of an expression across all records. Median can only be used with numeric fields. Null values are ignored. This function is not available for workbooks created before Tableau Desktop 8.2 or that use legacy connections. Availability by data source It is also not available for connections using any of the following data sources:
For these data source types, you can extract your data into an extract file to use this function. See Extract Your Data. MID(string, start, [length])Returns the string starting at index position Examples MIN(a, b) Returns the minimum of Example MIN(expression) or MIN(expr1, expr2)Usually applied to numbers but also works on dates. Returns the minimum of Examples MIN(number, number)Returns the minimum of the two arguments, which must be of the
same type. Returns Examples MODEL_EXTENSION_BOOL(model_name, arguments, expression)Returns the Boolean result of model_name, a deployed analytics extension model. Each argument is a single string that defines the elements you use. Use expression to define the input fields that are sent to the model, and use aggregation functions (SUM, AVG, etc.) to aggregate their results. Define and order each input field as its own argument. Example MODEL_EXTENSION_INT(model_name, arguments, expression)Returns the integer result of model_name, a deployed analytics extension model. Each argument is a single string that defines the elements you use. Use expression to define the input fields that are sent to the model, and use aggregation functions (SUM, AVG, etc.) to aggregate their results. Define and order each input field as its own argument. Example MODEL_EXTENSION_REAL(model_name, arguments, expression)Returns the numeric result of model_name, a deployed analytics extension model. Each argument is a single string that defines the elements you use. Use expression to define the input fields that are sent to the model, and use aggregation functions (SUM, AVG, etc.) to aggregate their results. Define and order each input field as its own argument. Example MODEL_EXTENSION_STR(model_name, arguments, expression)Returns the string result of model_name, a deployed analytics extension model. Each argument is a single string that defines the elements you use. Use expression to define the input fields that are sent to the model, and use aggregation functions (SUM, AVG, etc.) to aggregate their results. Define and order each input field as its own argument. Example MODEL_PERCENTILE(target_expression, predictor_expression(s))Returns the probability (between 0 and 1) of the expected value being less than or equal to the observed mark, defined by the target expression and other predictors. This is the Posterior Predictive Distribution Function, also known as the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF). Example MODEL_QUANTILE(quantile, target_expression, predictor_expression(s))Returns a target numeric value within the probable range defined by the target expression and other predictors, at a specified quantile. This is the Posterior Predictive Quantile. Example MONTH(date)Returns the month of the given date as an integer. Example NOTPerforms logical negation on an expression Example NOW( )Returns the current date and time. The return varies depending on the nature of the connection:
Example OR Performs logical disjunction on two expressions Example PARSE_URL(string, url_part)Note: Supported only when connected to Hadoop Hive and Cloudera Impala. Returns a component of the given URL string where the component is defined by url_part. Valid url_part values include: 'HOST', 'PATH', 'QUERY', 'REF', 'PROTOCOL', 'AUTHORITY', 'FILE' and 'USERINFO'. ExamplePARSE_URL('http://www.tableau.com', 'HOST') = 'www.tableau.com' PARSE_URL_QUERY(string, key)Note: Supported only when connected to Hadoop Hive and Cloudera Impala. Returns the value of the specified query parameter in the given URL string. The query parameter is defined by the key. ExamplePARSE_URL_QUERY('http://www.tableau.com?page=1&cat=4', 'page') = '1' PERCENTILE(expression, number)Returns the percentile value from the given expression corresponding to the specified number. The number must be between 0 and 1 (inclusive)—for example, 0.66, and must be a numeric constant. Availability by data source This function is available for the following data sources.
For other data source types, you can extract your data into an extract file to use this function. See Extract Your Data. PI( )Returns the numeric constant pi: 3.14159. POWER(number, power)Raises the number to the specified power. Examples You can also use the ^ symbol: PREVIOUS_VALUE(expression)Returns the value of this calculation in the previous row. Returns the given expression if the current row is the first row of the partition. Example QuarterReturns the quarter of a given date as an integer. Example RADIANS(number)Converts the given number from degrees to radians. Example RANK(expression, ['asc' | 'desc'])Returns the standard competition rank for the current row in the partition. Identical values are assigned an identical rank. Use the optional With this function, the set of values (6, 9, 9, 14) would be ranked (4, 2, 2, 1). Nulls are ignored in ranking functions. They are not numbered and they do not count against the total number of records in percentile rank calculations. For information on different ranking options, see Rank calculation. ExampleThe following image shows the effect of the various ranking functions (RANK, RANK_DENSE, RANK_MODIFIED, RANK_PERCENTILE, and RANK_UNIQUE) on a set of values. The data set contains information on 14 students (StudentA through StudentN); the Age column shows the current age of each student (all students are between 17 and 20 years of age). The remaining columns show the effect of each rank function on the set of age values, always assuming the default order (ascending or descending) for the function.
RANK_DENSE(expression, ['asc' | 'desc'])Returns the dense rank for the current row in the partition. Identical values are assigned an identical rank, but no gaps are inserted into the number sequence. With this function, the set of values (6, 9, 9, 14) would be ranked (3, 2, 2, 1). RANK_MODIFIED(expression, ['asc' | 'desc'])Returns the modified competition rank for the current row in the partition. Identical values are assigned an identical rank. With this function, the set of values (6, 9, 9, 14) would be ranked (4, 3, 3, 1). RANK_PERCENTILE(expression, ['asc' | 'desc'])Returns the percentile rank for the current row in the partition. With this function, the set of values (6, 9, 9, 14) would be ranked (0.25, 0.75, 0.75, 1.00). Note: Unlike the other rank options, the default is ascending. RANK_UNIQUE(expression, ['asc' | 'desc'])Returns the unique rank for the current row in the partition. Identical values are assigned different ranks. With this function, the set of values (6, 9, 9, 14) would be ranked (4, 2, 3, 1). RAWSQL_BOOL("sql_expr", [arg1], …[argN])Returns a Boolean result from a given SQL expression. The SQL expression is passed directly to the underlying database. Use %n in the SQL expression as a substitution syntax for database values. ExampleIn the example, %1 is equal to [Sales] and %2 is equal to [Profit]. RAWSQL_DATE("sql_expr", [arg1], …[argN])Returns a Date result from a given SQL expression. The SQL expression is passed directly to the underlying database. Use %n in the SQL expression as a substitution syntax for database values. ExampleIn this example, %1 is equal to [Order Date]. RAWSQL_DATETIME("sql_expr", [arg1], …[argN])Returns a Date and Time result from a given SQL expression. The SQL expression is passed directly to the underlying database. Use %n in the SQL expression as a substitution syntax for database values. In this example, %1 is equal to [Delivery Date]. ExampleRAWSQL_DATETIME("MIN(%1)", [Delivery Date]) RAWSQL_INT("sql_expr", [arg1], …[argN])Returns an integer result from a given SQL expression. The SQL expression is passed directly to the underlying database. Use %n in the SQL expression as a substitution syntax for database values. In this example, %1 is equal to [Sales]. Example RAWSQL_REAL("sql_expr", [arg1], …[argN])Returns a numeric result from a given SQL expression that is passed directly to the underlying database. Use %n in the SQL expression as a substitution syntax for database values. In this example, %1 is equal to [Sales] Example RAWSQL_SPATIALReturns a Spatial from a given SQL expression that is passed directly to the underlying data source. Use %n in the SQL expression as a substitution syntax for database values. ExampleIn this example, %1 is equal to [Geometry]. RAWSQL_STR("sql_expr", [arg1], …[argN])Returns a string from a given SQL expression that is passed directly to the underlying database. Use %n in the SQL expression as a substitution syntax for database values. In this example, %1 is equal to [Customer Name]. Example RAWSQLAGG_BOOL("sql_expr", [arg1], …[argN])Returns a Boolean result from a given aggregate SQL expression. The SQL expression is passed directly to the underlying database. Use %n in the SQL expression as a substitution syntax for database values. ExampleIn the example, %1 is equal to [Sales] and %2 is equal to [Profit]. RAWSQLAGG_BOOL("SUM( %1) >SUM( %2)”, [Sales], [Profit]) RAWSQLAGG_DATE(“sql_expr", [arg1], …[argN])Returns a Date result from a given aggregate SQL expression. The SQL expression is passed directly to the underlying database. Use %n in the SQL expression as a substitution syntax for database values. In this example, %1 is equal to [Order Date]. Example
RAWSQLAGG_DATETIME("sql_expr", [arg1], …[argN])Returns a Date and Time result from a given aggregate SQL expression. The SQL expression is passed directly to the underlying database. Use %n in the SQL expression as a substitution syntax for database values. In this example, %1 is equal to [Delivery Date]. Example RAWSQLAGG_INT(“sql_expr”, [arg1,] …[argN])Returns an integer result from a given aggregate SQL expression. The SQL expression is passed directly to the underlying database. Use %n in the SQL expression as a substitution syntax for database values. In this example, %1 is equal to [Sales]. Example RAWSQLAGG_REAL("sql_expr", [arg1,] …[argN])Returns a numeric result from a given aggregate SQL expression that is passed directly to the underlying database. Use %n in the SQL expression as a substitution syntax for database values. In this example, %1 is equal to [Sales] Example RAWSQLAGG_STR("sql_expr", [arg1,] …[argN])Returns a string from a given aggregate SQL expression that is passed directly to the underlying database. Use %n in the SQL expression as a substitution syntax for database values. In this example, %1 is equal to [Discount]. Example REGEXP_EXTRACT(string, pattern)Returns the portion of the string that matches the regular expression pattern. This function is available for Text File, Hadoop Hive, Google BigQuery, PostgreSQL, Tableau Data Extract, Microsoft Excel, Salesforce, Vertica, Pivotal Greenplum, Teradata (version 14.1 and above), Snowflake, and Oracle data sources. For Tableau data extracts, the pattern must be a constant. For information on regular expression syntax, see your data source's documentation. For Tableau extracts, regular expression syntax conforms to the standards of the ICU (International Components for Unicode), an open source project of mature C/C++ and Java libraries for Unicode support, software internationalization, and software globalization. See the Regular Expressions(Link opens in a new window) page in the online ICU User Guide. Example REGEXP_EXTRACT_NTH(string, pattern, index)Returns the portion of the string that matches the regular expression pattern. The substring is matched to the nth capturing group, where n is the given index. If index is 0, the entire string is returned. This function is available for Text File, PostgreSQL, Tableau Data Extract, Microsoft Excel, Salesforce, Vertica, Pivotal Greenplum, Teradata (version 14.1 and above), and Oracle data sources. For Tableau data extracts, the pattern must be a constant. For information on regular expression syntax, see your data source's documentation. For Tableau extracts, regular expression syntax conforms to the standards of the ICU (International Components for Unicode), an open source project of mature C/C++ and Java libraries for Unicode support, software internationalization, and software globalization. See the Regular Expressions(Link opens in a new window) page in the online ICU User Guide. Example REGEXP_MATCH(string, pattern)Returns TRUE if a substring of the specified string matches the regular expression pattern. This function is available for Text File, Google BigQuery, PostgreSQL, Tableau Data Extract, Microsoft Excel, Salesforce, Vertica, Pivotal Greenplum, Teradata (version 14.1 and above), Impala 2.3.0 (through Cloudera Hadoop data sources), Snowflake, and Oracle data sources. For Tableau data extracts, the pattern must be a constant. For information on regular expression syntax, see your data source's documentation. For Tableau extracts, regular expression syntax conforms to the standards of the ICU (International Components for Unicode), an open source project of mature C/C++ and Java libraries for Unicode support, software internationalization, and software globalization. See the Regular Expressions(Link opens in a new window) page in the online ICU User Guide. Example REGEXP_REPLACE(string, pattern, replacement)Returns a copy of the given string where the regular expression pattern is replaced by the replacement string. This function is available for Text File, Hadoop Hive, Google BigQuery, PostgreSQL, Tableau Data Extract, Microsoft Excel, Salesforce, Vertica, Pivotal Greenplum, Teradata (version 14.1 and above), Snowflake, and Oracle data sources. For Tableau data extracts, the pattern and the replacement must be constants. For information on regular expression syntax, see your data source's documentation. For Tableau extracts, regular expression syntax conforms to the standards of the ICU (International Components for Unicode), an open source project of mature C/C++ and Java libraries for Unicode support, software internationalization, and software globalization. See the Regular Expressions(Link opens in a new window) page in the online ICU User Guide. ExampleREGEXP_REPLACE('abc 123', '\s', '-') = 'abc-123' REPLACE(string, substring, replacement)Searches Example RIGHT(string, number)Returns the right-most number of characters in Example ROUND(number, [decimals])Rounds
numbers to a specified number of digits. The ExampleThis example rounds every Some databases, such as SQL Server, allow specification of a negative RTRIM(string)Returns Example RTRIM_THIS(string, string)Note : Supported only when connected to Google BigQuery Returns the first string with any trailing occurrence of the second string removed. ExampleRTRIM_THIS('[-Market-]','-]') = '[-Market' RUNNING_AVG(expression)Returns the running average of the given expression, from the first row in the partition to the current row. The view below shows quarterly sales. When
Example RUNNING_COUNT(expression)Returns the running count of the given expression, from the first row in the partition to the current row. Example RUNNING_MAX(expression)Returns the running maximum of the given expression, from the first row in the partition to the current row.
Example RUNNING_MIN(expression)Returns the running minimum of the given expression, from the first row in the partition to the current row.
Example RUNNING_SUM(expression)Returns the running sum of the given expression, from the first row in the partition to the current row.
Example SCRIPT_BOOLReturns a Boolean result from the specified expression. The expression is passed directly to a running external service instance. In R expressions, use .argn (with a leading period) to reference parameters (.arg1, .arg2, etc.). In Python expressions, use _argn (with a leading underscore). ExamplesIn this R example, .arg1 is equal to SUM([Profit]): The next example returns True for store IDs in Washington state, and False otherwise. This example could be the definition for a calculated field titled IsStoreInWA. A command for Python would take this form: SCRIPT_INTReturns an integer result from the specified expression. The expression is passed directly to a running external service instance. In R expressions, use .argn (with a leading period) to reference parameters (.arg1, .arg2, etc.) In Python expressions, use _argn (with a leading underscore). ExamplesIn this R example, .arg1 is equal to SUM([Profit]): In the next example, k-means clustering is used to create three clusters: A command for Python would take this form: SCRIPT_REALReturns a real result from the specified expression. The expression is passed directly to a running external service instance. In R expressions, use .argn (with a leading period) to reference parameters (.arg1, .arg2, etc.) In Python expressions, use _argn (with a leading underscore). ExamplesIn this R example, .arg1 is equal to SUM([Profit]): The next example converts temperature values from Celsius to Fahrenheit.
A command for Python would take this form: SCRIPT_STRReturns a string result from the specified expression. The expression is passed directly to a running external service instance. In R expressions, use .argn (with a leading period) to reference parameters (.arg1, .arg2, etc.) In Python expressions, use _argn (with a leading underscore). ExamplesIn this R example, .arg1 is equal to SUM([Profit]): The next example extracts a state abbreviation from a more complicated string (in the original form 13XSL_CA, A13_WA): A command for Python would take this form: SIGN(number)Returns the sign of a number: The possible return values are -1 if the number is negative, 0 if the number is zero, or 1 if the number is positive. ExampleIf the average of the profit field is negative, then SIN(number)Returns the sine of an angle. Specify the angle in radians. Example SIZE()Returns the number of rows in the partition. For example, the view below shows quarterly sales. Within the Date partition, there are seven rows so the Size() of the Date partition is 7.
Example SPACE(number)Returns a string that is composed of the specified Example SPLIT(string, delimiter, token number)Returns a substring from a string, using a delimiter character to divide the string into a sequence of tokens. The string is
interpreted as an alternating sequence of delimiters and tokens. So for the string Examples Availability by data source Note: The split and custom split commands are available for the following data sources types: Tableau data extracts, Microsoft Excel, Text File, PDF File, Salesforce, OData, Microsoft Azure Market Place, Google Analytics, Vertica, Oracle, MySQL, PostgreSQL, Teradata, Amazon Redshift, Aster Data, Google Big Query, Cloudera Hadoop Hive, Hortonworks Hive, and Microsoft SQL Server. Some data sources impose limits on splitting string. The following table shows which data sources support negative token numbers (splitting from the right) and whether there is a limit on the number of splits allow per data source. A SPLIT function that specifies a negative token number and would be legal with other data sources will return this error with these data sources: “Splitting from right is not support by the data source.”
SQRT(number)Returns the square root of a number. Example SQUARE(number)Returns the square of a number. Example STARTSWITH(string, substring)Returns true if Example STDEV(expression)Returns the statistical standard deviation of all values in the given expression based on a sample of the population. STDEVP(expression)Returns the statistical standard deviation of all values in the given expression based on a biased population. STR(expression)Casts its argument as a string. Example SUM(expression)Returns the sum of all values in the expression. SUM can be used with numeric fields only. Null values are ignored. TAN(number)Returns the tangent of an angle. Specify the angle in radians.. Example THENSee IF THEN ELSE and CASE . TIMESTAMP_TO_USEC(expression)Note : Supported only when connected to Google BigQuery Converts a TIMESTAMP data type to a UNIX timestamp in microseconds. Example TLD(string_url)Note : Supported only when connected to Google BigQuery Given a URL string, returns the top level domain plus any country domain in the URL. Example TODAY( )Returns the current date. Example TOTAL(expression)Returns the total for the given expression in a table calculation partition. Detailed example Assume you are starting with this view:
You open the calculation editor and create a new field which you name Totality:
You then drop Totality on Text, to replace SUM(Sales). Your view changes such that it sums values based on the default Compute Using value:
This raises the question, What is the default Compute Using value? If you right-click (Control-click on a Mac) Totality in the Data pane and choose Edit, there is now an additional bit of information available:
The default Compute Using value is Table (Across). The result is that Totality is summing the values across each row of your table. Thus, the value that you see across each row is the sum of the values from the original version of the table. The values in the 2011/Q1 row in the original table were $8601, $6579, $44262, and $15006. The values in the table after Totality replaces SUM(Sales) are all $74,448, which is the sum of the four original values. Notice the triangle next to Totality after you drop it on Text:
This indicates that this field is using a table calculation. You can right-click the field and choose Edit Table Calculation to redirect your function to a different Compute Using value. For example, you could set it to Table (Down). In that case, your table would look like this:
TRIM(string)Returns the string with leading and trailing spaces removed. For example,
UPPER(string)Returns string, with all characters uppercase. Example USEC_TO_TIMESTAMP(expression)Note : Supported only when connected to Google BigQuery Converts a UNIX timestamp in microsseconds to a TIMESTAMP data type. Example USERDOMAIN()Returns the domain for the current user when the user is signed on to Tableau Server. Returns the Windows domain if the Tableau Desktop user is on a domain. Otherwise this function returns a null string. Example USERNAME( )Returns the username for the current user. This is the Tableau Server or Tableau Cloud username when the user is signed in; otherwise it is the local or network username for the Tableau Desktop user. Example If the manager dhallsten was signed in, this function would only return True when the Manager field in the view is dhallsten. When used as a filter this calculated field can be used to create a user filter that only shows data that is relevant to the person signed in to the server. VAR(expression)Returns the statistical variance of all values in the given expression based on a sample of the population. VARP(expression)Returns the statistical variance of all values in the given expression on the entire population. WEEK(date)Returns the week of a given date as an integer. Example WHENSee CASE WINDOW_AVG(expression, [start, end])Returns the average of the expression within the window. The window is defined by means of offsets from the current row. Use FIRST()+n and LAST()-n for offsets from the first or last row in the partition. If the start and end are omitted, the entire partition is used. For example, the view below shows quarterly sales. A window average within the Date partition returns the average sales across all dates.
Example WINDOW_CORR(expression1, expression2, [start, end])Returns the Pearson correlation coefficient of two expressions within the window. The window is defined as offsets from the current row. Use FIRST()+n and LAST()-n for offsets from the first or last row in the partition. If start and end are omitted, the entire partition is used. The Pearson correlation measures the linear relationship between two variables. Results range from -1 to +1 inclusive, where 1 denotes an exact positive linear relationship, as when a positive change in one variable implies a positive change of corresponding magnitude in the other, 0 denotes no linear relationship between the variance, and −1 is an exact negative relationship. There is an equivalent aggregation fuction: CORR. ExampleThe following formula returns the Pearson correlation of SUM(Profit) and SUM(Sales) from the five previous rows to the current row. WINDOW_COUNT(expression, [start, end])Returns the count of the expression within the window. The window is defined by means of offsets from the current row. Use FIRST()+n and LAST()-n for offsets from the first or last row in the partition. If the start and end are omitted, the entire partition is used. Example WINDOW_COVAR(expression1, expression2, [start, end])Returns the sample covariance of two expressions within the window. The window is defined as offsets from the current row. Use FIRST()+n and LAST()-n for offsets from the first or last row in the partition. If the start and end arguments are omitted, the window is the entire partition. Sample covariance uses the number of non-null data points n - 1 to normalize the covariance calculation, rather than n, which is used by the population covariance (with the WINDOW_COVARP function). Sample covariance is the appropriate choice when the data is a random sample that is being used to estimate the covariance for a larger population. There is an equivalent aggregation fuction: COVAR. ExampleThe following formula returns the sample covariance of SUM(Profit) and SUM(Sales) from the two previous rows to the current row. WINDOW_COVARP(expression1, expression2, [start, end])Returns the population covariance of two expressions within the window. The window is defined as offsets from the current row. Use FIRST()+n and LAST()-n for offsets from the first or last row in the partition. If start and end are omitted, the entire partition is used. Population covariance is sample covariance multiplied by (n-1)/n, where n is the total number of non-null data points. Population covariance is the appropriate choice when there is data available for all items of interest as opposed to when there is only a random subset of items, in which case sample covariance (with the WINDOW_COVAR function) is appropriate. There is an equivalent aggregation fuction: COVARP. See Tableau Functions (Alphabetical)(Link opens in a new window). ExampleThe following formula returns the population covariance of SUM(Profit) and SUM(Sales) from the two previous rows to the current row. WINDOW_MAX(expression, [start, end])Returns the maximum of the expression within the window. The window is defined by means of offsets from the current row. Use FIRST()+n and LAST()-n for offsets from the first or last row in the partition. If the start and end are omitted, the entire partition is used. For example, the view below shows quarterly sales. A window maximum within the Date partition returns the maximum sales across all dates.
Example WINDOW_MEDIAN(expression, [start, end])Returns the median of the expression within the window. The window is defined by means of offsets from the current row. Use FIRST()+n and LAST()-n for offsets from the first or last row in the partition. If the start and end are omitted, the entire partition is used. For example, the view below shows quarterly profit. A window median within the Date partition returns the median profit across all dates.
Example WINDOW_MIN(expression, [start, end])Returns the minimum of the expression within the window. The window is defined by means of offsets from the current row. Use FIRST()+n and LAST()-n for offsets from the first or last row in the partition. If the start and end are omitted, the entire partition is used. For example, the view below shows quarterly sales. A window minimum within the Date partition returns the minimum sales across all dates.
Example WINDOW_PERCENTILE(expression, number, [start, end])Returns the value corresponding to the specified percentile within the window. The window is defined by means of offsets from the current row. Use FIRST()+n and LAST()-n for offsets from the first or last row in the partition. If the start and end are omitted, the entire partition is used. Example WINDOW_STDEV(expression, [start, end])Returns the sample standard deviation of the expression within the window. The window is defined by means of offsets from the current row. Use FIRST()+n and LAST()-n for offsets from the first or last row in the partition. If the start and end are omitted, the entire partition is used. Example WINDOW_STDEVP(expression, [start, end])Returns the biased standard deviation of the expression within the window. The window is defined by means of offsets from the current row. Use FIRST()+n and LAST()-n for offsets from the first or last row in the partition. If the start and end are omitted, the entire partition is used. Example WINDOW_SUM(expression, [start, end])Returns the sum of the expression within the window. The window is defined by means of offsets from the current row. Use FIRST()+n and LAST()-n for offsets from the first or last row in the partition. If the start and end are omitted, the entire partition is used. For example, the view below shows quarterly sales. A window sum computed within the Date partition returns the summation of sales across all quarters.
Example WINDOW_VAR(expression, [start, end])Returns the sample variance of the expression within the window. The window is defined by means of offsets from the current row. Use FIRST()+n and LAST()-n for offsets from the first or last row in the partition. If the start and end are omitted, the entire partition is used. Example WINDOW_VARP(expression, [start, end])Returns the biased variance of the expression within the window. The window is defined by means of offsets from the current row. Use FIRST()+n and LAST()-n for offsets from the first or last row in the partition. If the start and end are omitted, the entire partition is used. Example XPATH_BOOLEAN(XML string, XPath expression string)Note: Supported only when connected to Hadoop Hive Returns true if the XPath expression matches a node or evaluates to true. Example XPATH_DOUBLE(XML string, XPath expression string)Note: Supported only when connected to Hadoop Hive Returns the floating-point value of the XPath expression. Example XPATH_FLOAT(XML string, XPath expression string)Note: Supported only when connected to Hadoop Hive Returns the floating-point value of the XPath expression. Example XPATH_INT(XML string, XPath expression string)Note: Supported only when connected to Hadoop Hive Returns the numerical value of the XPath expression, or zero if the XPath expression cannot evaluate to a number. Example XPATH_LONG(XML string, XPath expression string)Note: Supported only when connected to Hadoop Hive Returns the numerical value of the XPath expression, or zero if the XPath expression cannot evaluate to a number. Example XPATH_SHORT(XML string, XPath expression string)Note: Supported only when connected to Hadoop Hive Returns the numerical value of the XPath expression, or zero if the XPath expression cannot evaluate to a number. Example XPATH_STRING(XML string, XPath expression string)Note: Supported only when connected to Hadoop Hive Returns the text of the first matching node. Example YEAR (date)Returns the year of the given date as an integer. Example ZN(expression)Returns the expression if it is not null, otherwise returns zero. Use this function to use zero values instead of null values. Example Want to learn more about functions?Read the functions topics(Link opens in a new window). See alsoTableau Functions (by Category)(Link opens in a new window) Functions in Tableau(Link opens in a new window) Where would you setup the two substitution values in a two variable data table?A two-variable data table enables you to compare results for two variables at the same time but for only one result. Set up the substitution values for two variables: Use the top row for one variable's substitution values and the first column for the second variable's substitution values.
What is the name of the data analysis tool that provides results based on changing two variables?Regression analysis is an advanced method of data visualization and analysis that allows you to look at the relationship between two or more variables.
How many variables does Goal Seek change each time it is run?Note: Goal Seek works only with one variable input value. If you want to accept more than one input value; for example, both the loan amount and the monthly payment amount for a loan, you use the Solver add-in. For more information, see Define and solve a problem by using Solver.
What is the main difference between Goal Seek and variable data tables?The main difference between the two is that the goal seek function allows the user to use the desired result of a formula to find the possible input value necessary to achieve that result. While in a data table, you can change values in some of the cells and come up with different answers to a problem.
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Excel uses two substitution values laid out in a grid in two-variable data table.
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