During which stage of pregnancy does a pregnant woman usually have increased urination due to pressure on her bladder quizlet?

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1. The nurse explains that implantation is the embedding of the fertilized ovum in the uterine mucosa. This implantation usually occurs in the:
a. lower uterine wall.
b. side of the uterus.
c. fundus of the uterus.
d. body of the uterus.

ANS: C
Implantation usually occurs in the fundus of the uterus.

REF: Page 769 TOP: Implantation

2. When the patient is diagnosed with a tubal pregnancy, the nurse is aware that in this pregnancy, the patient will probably:
a. carry the pregnancy to term and have a cesarean delivery.
b. have to remain in bed for the remainder of the pregnancy.
c. spontaneously abort this ectopic pregnancy.
d. require surgery to remove the zygote.

ANS: D
Any pregnancy where implantation occurs outside the uterine cavity is called ectopic. Tubal pregnancies usually must be resolved by surgical removal of the zygote.

REF: Page 769 TOP: Pregnancy

3. The nurse uses a diagram to show the development of the embryonic stage of pregnancy, which usually lasts about:
a. 3 weeks.
b. 4 weeks.
c. 6 weeks.
d. 8 weeks.

ANS: D
The embryonic stage encompasses the first 8 weeks.

REF: Page 770 TOP: Pregnancy

4. The nurse is concerned about the patient who is in her first trimester of pregnancy and has been exposed to German measles, because this disease is capable of:
a. causing a spontaneous abortion.
b. causing birth defects.
c. causing high fever and convulsions.
d. interfering with placental implantation.

ANS: B
Rubella is a known teratogen, which can cause birth defects.

REF: Page 770 TOP: Teratogen

5. The nurse explains that the placenta functions as an endocrine gland, secreting estrogen, progesterone, and:
a. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
b. alpha-fetoprotein (AFP).
c. human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG).
d. luteinizing hormone (LH).

ANS: C
The placenta secretes HCG.

REF: Page 770 TOP: Placenta function

6. When lecturing to a class of prenatal women, the nurse explains that the fetus is protected from most bacterial invasions by the:
a. yolk sac.
b. placental barrier.
c. cotyledons.
d. chorionic villa.

ANS: B
The placental barrier protects the embryo/fetus from most bacteria, but not from viruses or drugs.

REF: Page 770 TOP: Placental barrier Step:

Implementation

7. The nurse explains that the maternity cycle is divided into three periods. The intrapartal period covers:
a. beginning of pregnancy to midterm.
b. conception to third trimester.
c. onset of labor to delivery of the baby.
d. onset of labor to delivery of the placenta.

ANS: D
The intrapartal period of the maternity cycle covers the onset of labor to delivery of the placenta.

REF: Page 785 TOP: Intrapartal period

8. A woman who has just discovered she is pregnant states that the first day of her last menstrual period was July 10. The nurse tells her that her expected date of birth (EDB) will be:
a. April 10.
b. April 17.
c. May 10.
d. October 17.

ANS: B
To determine the EDB (estimated date of birth), the woman should count from the first day of her last menstrual period. Count back 3 months and forward 7 days.

REF: Page 787
TOP: Estimated date of birth (EDB)

9. Which is a positive sign of pregnancy?
a. Positive pregnancy test
b. Positive Chadwick's sign
c. Ultrasonic tracing of the fetus
d. Positive Goodell's sign

ANS: C
A positive sign of pregnancy is an ultrasonic tracing of the fetus. All other items listed are probable signs of pregnancy.

REF: Page 787, Box 25-4

TOP: Positive signs of pregnancy

10. When the patient complains of frequency of urination, the nurse explains that frequency of urination early in the pregnancy occurs due to:
a. increased fluid intake.
b. the fetus's kidneys functioning.
c. retention of fluid.
d. increased circulating volume.

ANS: D
Early in pregnancy, the increase in circulating volume and the enlarging uterus placing pressure on the bladder cause urinary frequency.

REF: Pages 771, 780, Table 25-1 TOP: Frequency of urination

11. The pregnant woman asks about sexual activity during her pregnancy. The nurse states that sexual activity should be:
a. avoided after the first trimester.
b. ceased in the case of vaginal bleeding.
c. continued throughout the pregnancy.
d. limited to activity that does not include intercourse.

ANS: B
Sexual activity should cease until the cause of the vaginal bleeding is determined.

REF: Page 795 TOP: Sexual activity during pregnancy

12. A woman tells the nurse that this is her third pregnancy. She has had twin girls at full term and one miscarriage. The nurse records this information as:
a. G2, T2, L3.
b. G4, T3, A1, L1.
c. G3, T3, A2, L1.
d. G3, T1, A1, L2.

ANS: D
Standard obstetrical terminology is: G = gravida, T = term birth, P = preterm birth, A
= abortion, L = living children.

REF: Page 788, Box 25-5

TOP: Terminology Step: Assessment

13. A primigravida who is eager to feel the baby move asks the nurse when she can expect to feel movement. The nurse replies that first faint movements may be felt during gestational week:
a. 8.
b. 10.
c. 16.
d. 20.

ANS: C
At about 16 to 18 weeks, the sensation of these first movements is felt.

REF: Page 786 TOP: Quickening

14. A pregnant woman arrives for a visit to the physician. The nurse applies an amplified stethoscope to the abdomen and can hear the fetal heart tone. The nurse assesses that the fetus is at the fetal developmental week of:
a. 10.
b. 12.
c. 14.
d. 16.

ANS: D
During week 16, the fetal heart can be heard with an amplified stethoscope.

DIF: Cognitive Level: ApplicationREF: Page 773, Table 25-1 OBJ: 2 TOP: Fetal age

15. The nurse assures an anxious primigravida that during fetal development from week 34 and beyond, maternal antibodies are transferred to the baby. These provide immunity for the baby for:
a. 1 month.
b. 3 months.
c. 4 months.
d. 6 months.

ANS: D
The maternal antibodies that are transferred to the baby provide immunity for 6 months.

DIF: Cognitive Level: ApplicationREF: Page 779, Table 25-1 OBJ: 2 TOP: Pregnancy

16. Early in the first trimester, a woman may complain of morning sickness. The nurse suggests that this may be relieved by:
a. eating something with a high fat content.
b. eating dry crackers before getting up.
c. eating three well-balanced meals.
d. getting rest and taking antiemetics.

ANS: B
A remedy for morning sickness is to eat a few dry crackers before getting up.

REF: Page 772, Table 25-1 TOP: Morning sickness

17. The nurse explains that the increase in circulating volume experienced during pregnancy will cause:
a. shortness of breath.
b. frontal headaches.
c. decreased white blood cell count.
d. decreased hemoglobin.

ANS: D
Maternal circulating volume increases 30% to 40%, causing a virtual decrease in hemoglobin.

REF: Page 792, Table 25-5 TOP: Decreased Hgb

18. A woman entering the 22nd week of pregnancy complains to the nurse that feels she has become unsightly because of chloasma. The nurse recommends that to reduce the chloasma, the patient should:
a. use heavy makeup.
b. take extra doses of vitamin A.
c. avoid exposure to the sun.
d. reduce caffeine intake.

ANS: C

At week 22, skin pigment changes called chloasma are found. Avoiding exposure to the sun will reduce the pigmentation.

REF: Page 791 TOP: Chloasma

19. During the final weeks of pregnancy, urinary frequency may return due to the enlarged uterus compressing the bladder against the pelvic bones. The nurse suggests that the patient should:
a. decrease fluid intake.
b. use the knee-chest position.
c. sleep on her side.
d. avoid fluid intake in evening.

ANS: C
The patient should decrease pressure on the bladder at night by sleeping on her side.

DIF: Cognitive Level: ApplicationREF: Page 772, Table 25-1 OBJ: 5 TOP: Frequency

20. If a pregnant teenager presents with all the complaints below, the nurse recognizes that the one that could signal danger is:
a. painful hemorrhoids.
b. linea nigra.
c. visual disturbances.
d. low back pain.

ANS: C
Visual disturbances may be an indicator of increased blood pressure and retained fluids. These are indicators of eclampsia.

REF: Page 797
TOP: Danger signs

21. During the last trimester of pregnancy, the nurse recommends that the woman wear low-heeled shoes. This is in an effort to prevent or relieve:
a. lower back pain.
b. leg cramps.
c. leg swelling.
d. joint pain.

ANS: A

A remedy for backache is to wear low-heeled shoes.

REF: Page 780, Table 25-1 TOP: Low back pain

22. At a prenatal visit, a woman who is 32 weeks pregnant states that she is having difficulty sleeping. The nurse suggests she:
a. walk for 30 minutes every evening.
b. drink a glass of warm milk before bedtime.
c. drink 4 ounces of wine at dinner.
d. take an over-the-counter sedative.

ANS: B
A remedy for sleeplessness is to drink a glass of warm milk before bedtime.

DIF: Cognitive Level: ApplicationREF: Page 792, Table 25-4 OBJ: 5 TOP: Insomnia

23. The newly diagnosed primigravida who is 6 weeks pregnant states, "I don't feel like I have a real baby inside me." The nurse reassures her that at 6 weeks the embryo has a functioning:
a. brain.
b. lungs.
c. hands.
d. heart.

ANS: D
At 6 weeks, the fetus has a pumping heart.

REF: Page 787, Box 25-4 TOP: Fetal development

24. A newly confirmed pregnant patient asks the nurse what the dangers of smoking are to her baby. The nurse tells her that smoking can cause the fetus to have:
a. hearing deficits.
b. neuromuscular deformities.
c. cerebral palsy.
d. low birth weight.

ANS: D

Smoking has been proven to cause slow intrauterine growth and low birth weight.

REF: Page 789 TOP: Smoking

25. The father asks how soon the sex of the baby can be confirmed. The nurse answers that the genitalia are well defined at:
a. conception.
b. 2 weeks.
c. 6 weeks.
d. 9 weeks.

ANS: D
At 9 weeks the genitalia can be defined.

REF: Page 773, Table 25-1 TOP: Fetal sex determination

26. The physician decides to send the mother for a test to determine the fetal lung maturity. This fetal well-being test is called a(n):
a. biophysical profile.
b. alpha-fetoprotein.
c. amniocentesis.
d. ultrasound.

ANS: C
Amniocentesis helps determine the maturity of the fetal lungs.

REF: Page 783 TOP: Amniocentesis

27. When the young primigravida asks about how to adjust her diet for her pregnancy, the nurse teaches that the diet should be modified to include more:
a. leafy green vegetables and fruit.
b. beef and poultry.
c. foods high in sodium and potassium.
d. bread and grains.

ANS: A
A pregnant woman should eat foods containing roughage, such as raw fruits, vegetables, and cereals with bran.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 778, Table 25-1 OBJ: 8 TOP: Diet

28. The nurse stresses that a sign of a complication of pregnancy that must be reported to the physician at the first occurrence is:
a. leg cramps.
b. pelvic discomfort.
c. vaginal bleeding.
d. urinary frequency.

ANS: C
Vaginal bleeding at any time during pregnancy should be reported to the physician.

REF: Page 795 TOP: Danger indicators

29. The nurse uses a diagram to show how the arteries in the umbilical cord carry:
a. nutrients to the fetus from the placenta.
b. oxygenated blood to perfuse the placenta.
c. antibodies from the mother to the fetus.
d. deoxygenated blood back to the placenta.

ANS: D
The arteries of the umbilical cord are unique in that they carry deoxygenated blood back to the placenta.

REF: Page 770 TOP: Umbilical arteries

30. To assess an accurate fundal height, the nurse should instruct the patient to:
a. press her lower back against the examination table.
b. empty her bladder.
c. take a deep breath and hold it.
d. bear down.

ANS: B
The bladder should be emptied before the measurement of the fundal height.

REF: Page 782
TOP: Fundal height

31. The nurse concludes that the prenatal patient has no need for further instruction when she correctly states that amniocentesis can determine which of the baby's characteristics? Select all that apply.
a. Sex
b. Maturity
c. Approximate weight
d. Health
e. Genetic defects

ANS: A, B, D, E
The amniocentesis can reveal the sex, maturity, health, and some genetic defects.

REF: Page 781
TOP: Amniocentesis Step: Evaluation

32. The nurse instructor reminds the nursing student that the "Shiny Schultz" is a name given to the side of the placenta.

ANS:
fetal
The fetal side of the placenta is called the Shiny Schultz and the maternal side is called the Dirty Duncan.

REF: Page 770
TOP: Placental sides Step: Intervention

33. The chorion and the amnion are the two components of the
.

ANS:
fetal membrane
The fetal membrane is composed of the chorion and the amnion.

REF: Page 770 TOP: Fetal membrane

34. During the 30th week of gestation, the nurse would anticipate that the fundal height would be centimeters above the symphysis.

ANS:

30
thirty
The fundal height is equal to the weeks of gestation.

REF: Page 782
TOP: Fundal height

35. The nurse assesses a reactive result to a non-stress test when the fetal heart rate increases beats per minute.

ANS:
15
fifteen
The reactive criterion is that the fetal heart rate will increase 15 beats per minute when stimulated in the non-stress test.

REF: Pages 783-784 TOP: Non-stress test

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