At which age does an infant start to recognize familiar faces and objects such as his or her own hand?

Wondering when your baby will recognize your face, her teddy bear — and herself? Here's when children start to recognize familiar objects and people.

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Your baby is drawn to your face from the moment she’s born. (And you to hers!) If her eyes aren’t yet lighting up with excitement when you walk into the room though, don’t take it personally.

Newborns need their caregivers to grow, learn and thrive. So it’s no surprise that they’re hardwired to seek out faces and find them more fascinating than most anything else. But recognizing certain faces and objects — including yours, other caregivers and even her own — is a gradual process that takes longer to unfold.  

When do babies recognize familiar faces and objects?

Your little looker is born with facial and object recognition skills that will sharpen over the course of several months. As your infant begins to spend more time awake and alert, she'll observe and study the world around her. In time, she'll recognize favorite toys, familiar objects, people and, eventually, herself.

• At birth: Even though your baby doesn’t recognize you, she certainly likes the look of you. Studies have shown that even newborns, with their eyesight limited to about 12 inches, prefer to look at familiar faces — especially yours.
• Months 2 to 4: Your baby will start to recognize her primary caregivers' faces, and by the 4-month mark, she'll recognize familiar faces and objects from a distance. She’ll love looking in the mirror, too — but since she isn’t able to recognize herself yet, it’s a social activity: “Wouldn't you know it, that kid keeps showing up at the same place I do!” At this stage, engaging with the face staring back at her is all about fun.
• Month 6: Now halfway through her first year, your baby knows familiar faces and understands if someone is a stranger.
• Month 9: By this age, your baby will likely have favorite toys and objects and will be able to recognize and look for them even when partially hidden: "That's my bear peeking out from under that blanket!"
• Months 15 to 18: Self-recognition doesn't develop for most children until between ages 1 and 1 1/2. So even though your child will recognize many other familiar objects and people halfway through her first year, it takes quite a bit longer for her to look at an image of herself and think, "Hey, that's me!" As toddlers gain independence — walking and talking — they discover themselves as a distinct member of the family.

Activities to help your child recognize faces and objects

Your cutie hones her social and communication skills by interacting with others, especially you. Make the most of it with these simple playtime activities.

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• Get close. Gazing into your eyes is one of your newborn’s favorite pastimes. Give her plenty of opportunities to see your face up close, from about 8 to 12 inches away. Early on, that’s the distance from which she sees best.
• Imitate her funny faces. You’re probably doing this anyway (who could resist?), but cooing and making faces back and forth while locking eyes isn't just entertainment — it's a big way to help your honey learn that she exists separately from you.
• Have fun with mirrors. Your baby will love looking at herself in the mirror even before she knows it’s her. Set an unbreakable, child-safe mirror in front of her during tummy time or attach one to her stroller or changing table.
• Make playtime an opportunity for show-and-tell. With a younger baby, play "museum" by arranging favorite toys in a row and talking about them one by one: "This is Jessica’s bear. Jessica's bear is brown."
• Play peekaboo. As your baby grows and learns to recognize more of her playthings, you can graduate to peekaboo, hiding your face or toys behind a blanket or pillow and watching her face light up as she “finds” you or the toy. Little ones will start to get a kick out of the game’s surprise element (and let out some giggles!) around 3 months, and by 9 to 12 months, your sweetie might start to initiate the game herself. 
• Flip through photos. For older babies and toddlers, another fun way to promote self-recognition (and recognition of other beloved family faces) is to look through photo albums, pointing out photos of your child and other family members.

What not to worry about

As your baby learns to recognize familiar playthings and faces, she may also begin to show strong preferences for her favorites. It's no coincidence that many babies start to exhibit separation anxiety and stranger anxiety starting around 6 months, just when object recognition and object permanence both start to really click in baby's brain. And it’s normal for these feelings to intensify between 8 and 12 months, as your baby begins to morph into a more independent toddler.

Of course, if you have any concerns about your baby's development, bring them up with your pediatrician. In particular, mention to the doctor if your baby doesn't seem to be able to recognize familiar people by the 9-month mark.

From the What to Expect editorial team and Heidi Murkoff, author of What to Expect When You're Expecting. What to Expect follows strict reporting guidelines and uses only credible sources, such as peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions and highly respected health organizations. Learn how we keep our content accurate and up-to-date by reading our medical review and editorial policy.

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