The order in which children learn language structures is consistent across children and cultures. Show Starting before birth, babies begin to develop language and communication skills. At birth, babies recognize their mother's voice and can discriminate between the language(s) spoken by their mothers and foreign languages, and they show preferences for faces that are moving in synchrony with audible language. Newborns communicate through the use of oral language, which is followed by intentional vocalizations, gesturing, understanding, holophrasic speech, language errors, first words and cultural influences, two word sentences and telegraphic (text message) speech, and infant-directed speech. true or false (8-2) many major infant developmental milestones have to do with mobility and physical development true true or false 8-3 infants at 0 months are capable of making speech sounds false true or false 8-4 normally developing babies, including the baby in the video examples, show active play behavior at 3 months, such as manipulating objects and putting them in their mouths False true or false 8-5 at 6 months, many infants are just beginning to have enough balance skill and muscle tone to sit up on their own true true or false 8-6 infants by 9 months will typically have started walking false true or false 8-7 at about 12 months it is expected that infants should be able to stand on their own or they are developing atypically false true or false 9-1a infants have trouble saying /g/ and /k/ sounds, and these sounds tend to come out as /d/ and /t/ true Why are newborn infants unable to produce speech sounds? 9-1b a) their breath support is not sufficient for spoken language b) their oral cavity is the wrong shape for speech and it is instead specialized for feeding c) the cartilage surrounding the vocal folds are disproportionally large for the vocal tract at birth d) A and B only e) A,B and C E approximately how old are infants when they begin to produce full, canonical syllables? 9-2 a) 0-2 months d) 5-10 months Which of the following are typical signs of social engagement at about 7-8 months? 9-3 a) eye contact with others d) A and B only true or false 9-4 false true or false 9-5 the emergence of language requires that infants develop intersubjective awareness true true or false 9-6 mirror neurons are a part of the motor cortex thought to be important for learning through imitation, including learning of language true which of the following is a best practice for caregivers to promote language? 9-7 a) following a child's lead and attentional focus b) expanding a child's communicative attempts with attentional commentary c) talking with very loud volume d) A and B only e) A, B, and C d) A and B only true or false 9-8 research studies do not suggest overwhelming support for the use of media, including educational DVDs, to promote language learning true true or false 9-9 infants take statistics on the sounds in their language and use this information to construct phoneme categories true true or false 9-10 as infants progress through their first year, they specialize in the sounds of the language they are learning, gaining sensitivity to some aspects of the sound and losing sensitivity to others true which of the following are true statements about toddlers' first words? 10-1 a) when say their first word, a child might imitate a parent or other caregiver b) children say their first word typically around when they turn 1 year of age c) a child's first word might sound nothing like the adult form d) a child's first word may be used in a single, exclusive context b) children say their first word typically around when they turn 1 year of age true or false 10-2 the two-word stage occurs around 24 months (2 years) and marks the beginning of syntax true true or false 10-3 toddlers begin to use gestures with consistency meanings starting around 12 months of age true true or false 10-4 three-year-old children will typically have mastered around 10 phonemes false suppose a child says "Mewy had a wittle wamb" instead of "Mary had a little lamb". Which of the following kinds of substitution patterns foes this correspond to? 10-5a a) fronting b) gliding suppose a toddler says "detto" instead of "gecko" and says "dunty doo" instead of "gunky goo". which of the following kinds of substitution patterns does this correspond to? 10-5b a) fronting a) fronting suppose a child says "nana" instead of "banana". Which of the following kinds of patterns does this correspond to? 10-6 a) cluster reduction c) weak syllable deletion how many of the grammatical morphemes described by R. Brown (1973) will have toddlers typically acquired by 36 months? 10-7a a) 4 b) 5 what is the typical age of appearance. of the possessives inflectional morpheme as in "baby's bib" 10-7b a) 19-28 mos c) 31-34 mos around what age do children begin to produce utterances of two or more words? 11-1 a) 12 months d) 24 months true or false 11-3 Brown's stages are based on both MLU and grammatical development true in which of Brown's stages do yes-no questions emerge? 11-4 a) I c) III true or false 11-5 if a child says "gonna", as in "I'm gonna hit you", this word counts as one morpheme true how many morphemes are in the sentence "she ate turnips and like them"? 11-6 a) 5 d) 8 what is the MLU range expected for a child which is in Brown's stage III? 11-7 a) 1.01-1.49 d) 2.50-2.99 if a child learns the word for "pizza" to refer to her spaghetti, which kind of error is this? 11-9 a) overextension a) overextension true or false 11-10 the Quinean Conundrum has to do with the fact that there is endless ambiguity concerning the possible referents in the world for a particular word true an apparent bias of children to assume that a word refers to a whole entity (such as a whole rabbit), not just part of the entity (like the rabbit's tail) corresponds to which lexical principle? 11-12 a) reference c) object scope in the sentence "Jan baked cookies at home last Sunday" what is the theme? 12-1 a) Jan b) cookies true or false 12-2 Boys often lag girls in language development true Which of the following permit a comprehensive evaluation of language? 12-3 a) Macarthur-Bates CDI b) CELF-Preschool 2 c) IGDIs d) none of the above b) CELF-Preschool 2 true or false 12-7 during the preschool years children begin to produce contextualize language, which is a particularly important ability for success in school false letters for which the name of the letter (such a "B") contains the sound the letter makes (such a "buh") are learned earlier than letters for which this is not true. This called the _____ 12-8a a) own-name
advantage b) letter-name pronunciation effect true or false 12-8b children naturally focus on words on a printed page false true or false 12-9 phoneme blending, phoneme segmentation, phoneme counting, and phoneme manipulation are all phonological awareness skills that are mastered in preschool false w true or false 12-10 By the end of preschool age, children are expected to be almost 100% intelligible true true or false 12-11 the preschool years are associated with the emergence of Brown's stages II, III, and IV false Around what age would we normally expect to see that infants are frequently smiling spontaneously and starting to imitate both gesture and sounds? a) 4 months b) 6 months Which one of the following items is necessarily involved when children learn words through joint attention? a)
Responding orally c) making inferences true or false Newborn babies are able to produce some sounds such as hiccups, burps, and crying, where all of these have characteristics of speech sounds. false Which one of the following is not a characteristic of the "jargon stage"? a) Using syllables in conjunction with intonation of adult patterns b What is the characteristic of the period of infants' communicative development that we call "marginal babbling"? a) Beginning to control
phonation B Children of mothers who provide more ______ maternal language input reach language milestones sooner. (one-word answer) responsive In which period do infants normally start to control their phonation? a) Around 6 to 8 months c) around 1 to 4 months The term associated with loss of sensitivity to small acoustic differences among speech sounds during development is called _____________. (two-word answer) categorical perception true or false A typical sort of babbled utterance for young infants to say is "goo goo ga ga" with clear /g/ consonants. false At about what age does a child achieve a vocabulary size of about 50 words? a) Between 12 and 18 months b) between 18 and 24 months By what age does the irregular past tense form of verbs typically appear in a child's grammar? a) 19-28 mos d For which of the following does the type of substitution and the example not match? a) Fronting; Substituting a /d/, /t/, or /n/ sound for the /g/, /k/, or "ng" b) Gliding; substituting a /w/ or /y/ sound for "l" or "r" sounds c) Stopping; saying "wam" instead of "lamb" d) A place of articulation change ; substituting "s" sound in "sun" with "th" and saying "thun" c At which age (in months) is it expected that babies may start to crawl? a) 0 mos d) 9 months Newborns typically have acute hearing and are able to orient their gaze toward sounds or objects of interest. false true or false Newborn infants from birth to 2 months will often produce vowel-like segments but cannot yet produce "full" vowels in isolation. false Babbling involving mixing vowels (such as "ninoona" or "doodeeda") is known as: a) Reduplicative babbling C True or false Oral structure and function starts to approximate the adult configuration at about 3 years of age. false At what age does imperative pointing typically begin? a) 3 months C 9-month-olds can typically pull themselves to a standing position. true What is the earliest stage in an infant's development of joint reference and attention? a) Taking interest in manipulating objects in the world around them c) Attending to social partners d) Use of intentional communication e) Incorporating language C What type of communicative act is typically used to call attention to objects? a) Preintentional communication D Which of the following parental behaviors have been shown through research to be correlated with infants having a larger vocabulary later on? a) The parent engages in longer periods of joint attention b) The parent engages in shorter, more varied periods of joint attention C) The parent engages in imperative and declarative pointing d) The parent presents educational DVDs for the infant to watch and listen to A Several "indicators of responsiveness" were presented that can be considered "best practices" for caregivers to interact with infants in order to promote language development. Which of the following are consistent with these guidelines? a) Using a variety of questions or a variety of labels b) Expanding on communicative attempts and extending the input c) Redirecting an infant's attention to a variety of different objects in the environment d) Using the same question or same word multiple times e) A and B only f)A, B, and C only E Fetal heart rate differs when hearing his/her own mother's voice compared with that of a
stranger. true Fetuses show evidence of recognizing speech previously spoken. true Around 3-6 months, an infant may typically start to crawl. False 3-month-old infants are generally unable to
hold up their heads. false Infants pay more attention to spoken language when it has a "sing-song" tone of voice typical of speech addressed to a baby, compared with a more monotone, "adult-directed" style. true Infants can perceive pure tones before birth. true After about a year of life, babies exposed to English will have a different pattern of sensitivity to acoustic information than babies exposed to the Hindi language. true Babies who are growing up hearing the Hindi language will typically have greater sensitivity to small changes in voice onset time than babies who are growing
up hearing English. true In newborn infants the cartilages in the larynx are disproportionately small for body size. True false Which of the following are criteria for first words? a) Producing a word with a clear purpose b )Producing a pronunciation similar to the adult form of the
word d) Both A and B only e)A, B, and C E A gesture in which the meaning changes, depending on context, is referred to as a/an: a) Imperative gesture C
Around what age does a child speak his/her first two-word phrase? 24 months A toddler starts to use gesture-word combinations around 24 months; when these start to be produced, gesture-gesture combinations stop being used. true Which of the following are "substitution" patterns that involve typical patterns of mispronunciation during toddlerhood? a) Fronting E A gesture which indicates a precise referent and has a stable meaning is referred to as a/an: a)Imperative gesture D If a toddler says "wittle wamb" instead of "little lamb", this reflects which of the following typical phonological patterns? a) Fronting B If a toddler says "too" or "chew" instead of "shoe", or says "tiks" instead of "six", this reflects which of the following typical phonological patterns? a) Fronting C About how many consonant phonemes will a three-year-old child typically have mastered? b If a toddler says "nake" or "sake" instead of "snake", or says "teet" instead of "reet" instead of "treat", this reflects which of the following typical phonological patterns? a) Fronting D If a toddler says "da" instead of "dog", or says "kuh" instead of "cup", this reflects which of the following typical phonological patterns? a) Final consonant deletion A If a toddler says "diss" instead of "kiss", or says "doo doo" instead of "goo goo", this reflects which of the following typical phonological patterns? a)Fronting A If a toddler says "buhbuh" instead of "bunny", or says "soso" instead of "sofa", this reflects which of the following typical phonological patterns? a) Final consonant deletion E If a child says "dog" as "gog", or says "bub" instead of "cub", this reflects which of the following typical phonological patterns? a)Final consonant deletion C If a toddler says "nana" instead of "banana" or says "loon" instead of "balloon", this reflects which of the following typical phonological patterns? a) Final consonant deletion C By the time of adulthood, assimilation should
have fully disappeared from a person's speech. false By what age does the plural "-s" grammatical morpheme typically appear? a) 19-28 mos B The general term for a child developmental speech pattern that involves saying a speech sound with any difference in tongue and/or lip placement than is required is known as: a)Fronting D By what age does the preposition "on" typically appear in a child's grammar? C By what age does the present progressive "-ing" grammatical morpheme typically appear? a)19-28 mos A By what age does the possessive " 's" grammatical morpheme (as in "Mommy's") typically appear? a)19-28 mos C
By what age do contractible and uncontractible auxiliaries, as well as the uncontractible copula, typically appear in a child's grammar? a)19-28 mos E By what age do articles ("the, a, an") typically appear in a child's grammar? a) 19-28 mos D At what age do hearing children produce many of the sounds of their language and speak their first words?Babies communicate using sounds and gestures. In the first year of life, babies go from babbling to playing with sounds, copying sounds and putting sounds together. First words might start at around 12 months.
At what age do children usually produce their first words?Most children speak their first word between 10 to 14 months of age. By the time your baby is a year old, he or she is probably saying between one to three words. They will be simple, and not complete words, but you will know what they mean. They may say “ma-ma,” or “da-da,” or try a name for a sibling, pet, or toy.
When children start to learn language the first step of learning is quizlet?Thus, the first step in children's language learning is phonological development: the mastery of the sound system of their language. -The smallest units of meaning are called morphemes. Morphemes, alone or in combination, constitute words. The word dog, for example, contains one morpheme.
At what age does babbling first appear quizlet?Terms in this set (15) Babbling begins from birth characterised by gurgling and cooing. By 5-7 months of age they seem to experiment with sounds and produce a large amount of different ones, many of their own creation. The sounds produced by infants at this stage are similar across countries.
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At what age do hearing children produce many of the sounds of their language and speak their first words quizlet?
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