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How does science know what it knows?DECODING SCIENCEHow does science know what it knows?You want answers. Science asks questions.Got an important decision coming up? Just curious about how the world works? Science can help. But science isn’t about being 100% sure. In science, we learn by asking questions.
Science is a process.WONDERAsk questions & spark ideasTESTObserve & experimentCONFIRMTry it again or see if others can
Science changes what we know.Science challenges—and changes—what we know. To test ideas and search for answers, scientists observe and experiment. Through this process, we update and expand our knowledge. After all, plenty of things scientists “knew” 100 years ago turned out to be wrong. If we keep asking questions and challenging what we know, just think how much we can learn in the next 100 years! To learn from science, we:
Science is a team sport.Scientists spend a lot of time doing similar studies over and over, testing and building on each other’s work. When many studies come to similar conclusions, we can be more confident that those conclusions are right. This can lead to scientific consensus and help build knowledge. But what happens if studies point to different conclusions? When studies disagree, it’s useful to try to find out why. Sometimes, frustration leads to new discoveries! By working together and sharing information, we can make science stronger and have more confidence in the results. Finding Hope in FailureCan disagreement lead to discovery? In one scientist’s quest to cure cancer, hope rises from the ashes of failure. Repeat After MeWhy scientists repeat studies—and why that’s harder than you might think Why can we trust the information provided by scientific research?Science is the best way we know to develop reliable knowledge. It’s a collective and cumulative process of assessing evidence that leads to increasingly accurate and trustworthy information. READ MORE
Science can help you.If scientific knowledge is always changing, how can we use science to inform decisions? Think of science like a giant web of knowledge. Any particular strand could break or change, but the overall web holds up. Our web of knowledge grows stronger as we do more studies and become more confident in their results. People use science to inform lots of decisions. You might look to science to learn what products are safe to use or what foods are healthy to eat. Doctors use science to decide how to diagnose and treat disease. Farmers use science to decide what crops to plant. Science can’t make these decisions for you. But it can help. It’s a good idea to look at the overall body of knowledge, think critically, and consider the context. Science can offer many useful answers. But remember, there are always more questions to ask! Test your knowledge about how science works The materials on this page are based on Reproducibility and Replicability in Science, a consensus report of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The study and these materials were funded by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and the National Science Foundation and vetted by experts in the practice, interpretation, and application of science. RELATEDWhich research method would be most effective at helping you identify whether there is a causal relationship between these two variables?The use of a controlled study is the most effective way of establishing causality between variables. In a controlled study, the sample or population is split in two, with both groups being comparable in almost every way. The two groups then receive different treatments, and the outcomes of each group are assessed.
Why might a researcher add a factor when replicating a previously published study?Why might a researcher add a factor when replicating a previously published study? A researcher can replicate and expand a study by repeating the previous study in every way except adding an additional factor. A two-factor study compares three different treatment conditions (factor 1) for males and females (factor 2).
What does reliability refer to in the context of scientific research?Reliability is the extent to which an experiment, test, or any measuring procedure yields the same result on repeated trials.
What is the term for a type of analysis that does not influence a person's behavior multiple choice question?they can also make use of. data that was collected for use in another manner, such as census data. what is term for a type of analysis that does NOT influence a person's behavior? nonreactive. which of the following statements are part of the American Sociological Association's Code of Ethics?
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Why do scientists try through their research to find evidence that our conclusions are wrong?
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