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- Social Science
- Sociology
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Terms in this set (30)
Which term is used by sociologists to refer to any of the full range of socially defined positions within a large group or society
a. status
b. culture
c. social structure
d. Gemeinschaft
A
Social interaction is
a. the process of
learning norms, values, beliefs, and other requirements for the effective participation in social groups
b. the way in which society is organized into predictable relationships
c. the ways in which people respond to one another
d. a series of relationships linking a person directly to others and therefore indirectly to still more people
C
Which term is used by sociologists to refer to a set of expectation for people who occupy a given social position or status?
a. social role
b. structural role
c. achieved role
d. ascribed role
A
Which sociological perspective would likely contend that the role of the mass media is to provide socialization, enforce social norms through public events, and create social stability and cohesion through collective experiences?
a. functionalist
perspective
b. conflict perspective
c. interactionist perspective
d. feminist perspective
A
The difficulty that arises when the same social position imposes conflicting demands and expectations is known as
a. role conflict
b. role strain
c. role exit
d. resocialization
B
Which sociological perspective is more likely to study the media's influence on society from the microlevel to determine how social behavior is shaped?
a. functionalist perspective
b. conflict perspective
c. interactionist perspective
d. feminist perspective
C
Which sociological perspective would most likely be concerned with manipulation of "photo ops" to create an image of self-serving reality?
a.
functionalist perspective
b. conflict perspective
c. interactionist perspective
d. feminist perspective
C
Which sociological perspective would most likely to emphasize that the mass media exacerbate many divisions in our society, including those based on gender, race, ethnicity, and social class?
a. functionalist perspective
b. conflict and feminist perspective
c. interactionist
perspective
d. global perspective
B
Which of the following statements about an ascribed status is correct?
a. it is easy to change when an individual becomes older
b. it has the same social meaning in every society
c. it is based on an individual's skills
d. it is biological in origin, but significant mainly because of the social meaning attached to it within a given culture
D
Which of the following would the functionalist perspective most likely view as creating the greatest collective experience?
a. a college student studying quietly in the library
b. a person exercising in a public park
c. the terrorist attach of September 11, 2001
d. police arresting a shoplifter
C
Which sociological emphasizes that societies literally could not operate if massive numbers of people defied standards of appropriate conduct?
a. labeling perspective
b. interactionist perspective
c. conflict perspective
d. functionalist perspective
D
What term is used to refer crimes committed by individuals in the course of their daily business activities?
a. professional crime
b. organized crime
c.
index crimes
d. white-collar crimes
D
Which of the following theories offers a view of conformity and deviance that suggests that our connection to members of society leads us to conform systematically to society's norms?
a. theory of differential association
b. anomie theory of deviance
c. labeling theory
d. control theory
D
According to study by Stanley Milgram, individuals will
a. not conform to the attitudes and behaviors of their peers
b. obey the commands of people viewed as legitimate authority figures, even if the behavior may harm another individual
c. in most instances, disobey the commands of people viewed as legitimate figures if the behavior may harm another individual
d. conform to the attitudes and behaviors of their peers even if such attitudes and behaviors are
racist
B
"Sanctions" are defined as
a. loss of direction when the social control of individual behavior has become ineffective
b. penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm
c. rules made by a government
d. justifications for deviant behavior
B
Social control carried out by authorized agents-- such as police officers, judges, school administration, and employers is called
a. formal social control
b. informal social control
c. neutralization
d. conformity
A
The term " social control" refers to
a. justification for deviant behavior
b. behavior that violates the norms of a group
c. penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm
d. techniques and strategies for
preventing deviant human behavior in any society
D
Social control carried out casually by people through such means as laughter, smiles, and ridicule is known as
a. neutralization
b. conformity
c. formal social control
d. informal social control
D
Which sociological perspective would most likely be concerned with the stigmatizing nature of formal social controls that require convicted sex-offenders to register with police agencies and have their pictures published in newspapers to make their identities publicly known?
a. interactionist perspective
b. functionalist perspective
c. global perspective
d. conflict perspective
A
A single woman who engages in illegal acts of prostitution in order to support herself and her children is
a. committing a victimless crime
b. committing a corporate crime
c. a white-collar criminal
d. a professional criminal
A
Which of the following terms is used by sociologists to refer to a structured ranking of groups of people that perpetuates unequal rewards and power in society?
a. social mobility
b. stratification
c. hypergamy
d. status
B
A system of enforced servitude in which some people are owned by other people is known as
a. feudalism
b. slavery
c. communism
d. a caste system
B
Which of the following terms is used to refer to hereditary systems of rank that are relatively fixed, immobile, and generally religiously dictated?
a. tenure
b. slavery
c. castes
d.feudalism
C
According the Schaefer text, what level of college education serves as less of a guarantee of upward mobility than in the past?
a. A.A./A.A.S.
b. B.A./B.S.
c. M.A./M.S.
d. Ph.D.
B
Research concerning the degree of a social mobility within the occupational structure of the U.S. indicates that
a. occupational mobility has been common among males
b. much of the social mobility in the U.S. covers a very "great distance"
c. occupational mobility among the African Americas is no longer sharply limited by racial discrimination
d. all of these
A
A class system employs a social ranking based primarily on
a. age
b. caste
c. economic position
d. religious and ethnic
background
C
Max Weber referred to people's opportunities to provide themselves with material goods, positive living conditions, and favorable experiences as
a. power
b. wealth
c. life chances
d. status
C
A system of stratification under peasants were required to work land released to them by nobles in exchange for military protection was known a
a. estate system
b. slavery system
c. caste system
d. fedual system
A
Which of the following refers to the movement of individuals or groups from one position of society's stratification system to another?
a, social mobility
b. life chances
c. relative poverty
d. social distribution
A
A woman is born into a homeless, single-parent family. She is very talented and as an adult, becomes a wealthy, world-acclaimed pianist. This scenario most closely represents which type of stratification system?
a. caste
b. class
c. estate
d. slavery
B
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Verified questions
SOCIOLOGY
Predict which of the following are drives (D), which are reflexes (R), which are instincts (I), and which are creations of culture (C). a. eye blinking in dust storm b. need for sleep c. reaction to a loud noise d. socialism e. reproduction f. racial inequality.
Verified answer
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Which of the following is not an example of sport? a. a baseball game between two major league teams b. a baseball game between two minor league teams c. a spontaneous race between two cyclists d. a swim meet involving amateur athletes.
Verified answer
SOCIOLOGY
Many individuals in the history of the United States have been able to influence the political process because of their personal wealth. Examples include Andrew Carnegie, John D Rockefeller, and – more recently – Microsoft founder Bill Gates. Capitalism encourages the accumulation of wealth. Do you think the government should put limits on how much wealth any one individual or organization can control? Why or why not?
Verified answer
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Statistically, out of 500 people, how many would belong to the upper class?
Verified answer
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