Which of these is not a potential benefit to the seller of using an installment land contract?

Mich. Comp. Laws §565.351 et seq.

Mich. Comp. Laws §565.351

A contract for the sale of land or any interest in that land shall be executed by the vendor named in the contract, and acknowledged before any judge or before any notary public within this state, and the officer taking the acknowledgment shall endorse a certificate of the acknowledgment and the date of making the acknowledgment under his or her hand.

Mich. Comp. Laws §565.352

If any such contract be executed in any other state, district or territory, the same shall be executed and acknowledged in the same manner as provided in §9 of chapter 150 of the Compiled Laws of 1871, for the execution of deeds in any other state, district, or territory.

Mich. Comp. Laws §565.353

If any such contract be executed in any foreign country, it may be executed and acknowledged according to the provisions contained in §11 of chapter 150 Compiled Laws of 1871, providing for the execution of deeds in any foreign country.

Mich. Comp. Laws §565.354

Any contract executed and acknowledged, according to the foregoing provisions, shall, with the certificates [certificate] thereto attached, be entitled to be recorded in the office of the register of deeds of the county where the lands lie, and the recording of the same shall have the same force and effect, as to subsequent encumbrancers and purchasers, as the recording of deeds and mortgages as now provided by law.

Mich. Comp. Laws §565.356

As used in this act:

(a) “Assignee” means assignee of the vendor named in a land contract, a succeeding assignee, or a land contract mortgagee who became the absolute holder of the land contract as a result of security enforcement procedures.

(b) “Grantee” means grantee of the vendor named in a land contract, a succeeding grantee, or a grantee pursuant to a mortgage foreclosure of a mortgage upon the land but subordinate to the land contract.

(c) “Land contract mortgage” means a mortgage granted by a vendor or a vendee.

(d) “Land contract mortgagee” means the holder of a land contract mortgage granted by a vendor or vendee, or his or her heirs, successors, or assigns.

(e) “Nonmortgaging vendee” means a vendee who has not entered into a land contract mortgage granted by his or her vendor.

(f) “Nonmortgaging vendor” means a vendor who has not entered into a land contract mortgage granted by his or her vendee.

(g) “Real estate mortgage” means a mortgage granted upon an interest in real property, other than a mortgage upon a vendor's or vendee's interest in a land contract unless the vendor and the vendee join in or subject their respective interests to a single mortgage. A land contract mortgage is not a real estate mortgage.

(h) “Third parties” means persons or entities other than the vendor, vendee, nonmortgaging vendor, nonmortgaging vendee, assignee, grantee, or land contract mortgagee, who have or claim an interest in or encumbrance upon real property or a vendor's or vendee's interest which is subject to a land contract mortgage.

(i) “Vendee” means the vendee named in the land contract and the vendee's heirs, successors, or assigns.

(j) “Vendor” means the vendor named in the land contract and the vendor's heirs, successors, or assigns.

Mich. Comp. Laws §565.357

(1) A vendor or a vendee under a land contract may grant a land contract mortgage to secure any debt or obligation that may be secured by a real estate mortgage. This subsection does not alter the effect of any contractual provisions which prohibit or result in a default upon the mortgage, sale, assignment, or further encumbrance of a vendor's or vendee's interest in a land contract which would otherwise be enforceable.

(2) For the purposes of §§6 to 11, the respective interests of a vendor or a vendee subject to a land contract mortgage includes all of the respective rights of a vendor or vendee including, without limitation, the vendor's rights to payments and the vendee's rights to conveyance. For the purposes of §§6 to 11, the interests of vendors and vendees subject to a land contract mortgage are real property interests.

(3) Unless otherwise provided by the parties, a land contract mortgage encumbers all of the vendor's or vendee's interests that are mortgaged, whether real, personal, or mixed, in the same manner and to the same extent as a real estate mortgage.

(4) This act does not apply to real estate mortgages unless the parties otherwise agree.

(5) This act is in addition to existing rights and remedies at law with respect to the financing and encumbering of the vendor's and vendee's interests in land contracts.

Mich. Comp. Laws §565.358

(1) Any document that would be sufficient to constitute a real estate mortgage upon an interest in real property shall constitute a land contract mortgage upon the vendor's or vendee's interest.

(2) A land contract mortgage shall be in a form and shall be executed, acknowledged, and recorded in the same manner as provided for real estate mortgages.

(3) A land contract mortgage need not specifically identify the interest encumbered as a vendor's or vendee's interest.

(4) A land contract mortgage that is recorded in the manner provided for real estate mortgages is perfected for all purposes, without filing, under the uniform commercial code, 1962 PA 172, MCL 440.1101 to 440.11102, any notice to the nonmortgaging vendor or the nonmortgaging vendee or the taking of possession of the original land contract document or otherwise. A land contract mortgage perfected in accordance with this section takes priority as a matter of law over all other mortgages, liens, security, or other interests in such vendor's or vendee's interests except those as to which a real estate mortgage would be subordinate.

Mich. Comp. Laws §565.359

(1) A land contract mortgage may be enforced in accordance with any existing procedure for the enforcement of a real estate mortgage, including, without limitation, foreclosure by advertisement and judicial foreclosure. Upon completion of a foreclosure by advertisement or judicial foreclosure of a land contract mortgage and the expiration of the applicable redemption period, the successful bidder at foreclosure shall succeed to all of the mortgaged interests of the respective foreclosed vendor or vendee.

(2) Other rights and remedies that may be available to a real estate mortgagee, including, without limitation, future advance mortgages, assignments of rents, or receiverships may, in a proper case, be applied in favor of a land contract mortgagee.

(3) All remedies that existed before the effective date of §§6 to 11 shall continue to apply. However, a land contract mortgage made pursuant to this act may, at the option of the land contract mortgagee, also be enforced as provided in this act.

Mich. Comp. Laws §565.360

(1) A land contract mortgage shall not, absent voluntary subordination as provided by law, encumber or otherwise affect the rights or remedies of the nonmortgaging vendor or the nonmortgaging vendee except as otherwise provided in subsection (2) or (3).

(2) If the vendee's interest is encumbered by a recorded land contract mortgage, the nonmortgaging vendor shall do all of the following: (a) Provide the same notices with respect to the remedies of forfeiture and foreclosure to the land contract mortgagee as are required to be provided to the vendee. (b) Name the land contract mortgagee as a party in interest in any legal proceeding, the effect of which would be to terminate the vendee's interest, and thus the land contract mortgagee's lien. (c) Accept from the land contract mortgagee any cure of any default that the nonmortgaging vendor would be obligated to accept from the vendee.

(3) A nonmortgaging vendee, when the vendor's interest has been subjected to a land contract mortgage, shall continue to make payments in accordance with the land contract's terms to the vendor or assignee until any of the following occur: (a) Notice to the vendee of the completion of foreclosure and the expiration, without redemption, of the applicable redemption period with respect to the land contract mortgage, after which all payments shall be made to the successful bidder at the foreclosure, or the successful bidder's heirs, successors, and assigns. However, if the vendee has actual notice of the foreclosure sale, installment payments shall be made during the redemption period as provided in §6058 of the revised judicature act of 1961, 1961 PA 236, MCL 600.6058. (b) If the land contract mortgage contains a collateral assignment of the payments of the vendee under the land contract, delivery to the vendee of a notice of default signed under oath by the land contract mortgagee asserting that a default exists under the land contract mortgage together with a copy of the recorded land contract mortgage containing the collateral assignment and a demand that all further payments under the land contract be made to the land contract mortgagee, after which all payments shall thereafter be made in accordance with that notice.

(4) A third party asserting a prior lien or interest to that of a land contract mortgagee whose land contract mortgage has been recorded shall do all of the following: (a) Provide to the land contract mortgagee copies of all notices that must be provided to the vendor or vendee as a prerequisite to the assertion or enforcement of the third party rights or remedies, but only to the extent that those notices would be required to be provided if the vendor or vendee were the fee owner of the real property and the land contract mortgage were a mortgage upon the fee. (b) Name the land contract mortgagee as a party in interest in any legal proceeding, the effect of which would be to terminate, assert, or enforce a prior lien or encumbrance upon the vendor's or vendee's interest that is subject to the land contract mortgage. (c) Accept from the land contract mortgagee any payment, performance, or cure that the third party would be obligated to accept from the vendor or the vendee.

Mich. Comp. Laws §565.361

(1) When the vendee named in a land contract, or his or her heirs, successors, or assigns, has fully paid and performed the obligations under the contract that are a precondition to the sale and conveyance of the land, the vendor named in the contract shall make conveyance of the land to the vendee by a deed of conveyance as specified in the land contract, or, if the form of the deed is not specified in the land contract, by an appropriate deed. Until the vendor named in the contract has ceased in law to be bound by the provisions of the contract, the obligation to convey the land remains a continuing executory obligation on the part of the vendor.

(2) The vendor named in the land contract who has assigned his or her interest in the contract or sold or mortgaged the land subject to the contract, whether absolutely or as collateral security, shall remain fully obligated to deliver a deed of conveyance as provided in subsection (1). However, if the assignee assumed the conveyancing obligation of the vendor, the original vendor is only secondarily liable for that obligation.

(3) When the vendee named in a land contract, or his or her heirs, successors, or assigns, has fully paid and performed the obligations that are a precondition to the sale and conveyance of the land subject to the contract, the assignee and all succeeding assignees, including the holder of a land contract vendor's interest who has become the absolute holder of that interest as a result of security enforcement procedures after an assignment of the vendor's interest as collateral security, and the grantee, and all succeeding grantees including any grantee pursuant to a mortgage foreclosure regarding a mortgage made upon the land but subject to the land contract in any deed of the land given subject to the land contract by the vendor, shall make the conveyance of the land to the vendee. The conveyance shall be made as specified in the land contract if the vendor's assignee or grantee has assumed the vendor's continuing executory conveyancing obligation, or by quitclaim deed if the vendor's assignee or grantee has not assumed the vendor's conveyancing obligation. However, an assignee named in the contract who has not assumed the conveyancing obligation of the vendor and who has reassigned the entire vendor's interest and, therefore, retains no further interest, whether absolute or as security, has no obligation to provide a deed of conveyance.

(4) When the vendee named in the land contract, or his or her heirs, successors, or assigns, has fully paid and performed the obligations under the contract that are a precondition to the sale and conveyance of the land, the land contract mortgagee under any land contract mortgage of the land made by the vendor subject to the land contract, or the assignee of any assignment for collateral security purposes of the vendor's interest under the land contract, shall execute a discharge of the land contract mortgage or a release of the security assignment in the same manner as now provided by law for the discharge of mortgages.

(5) When the vendor named in the land contract has ceased in law to be bound by the provisions of the contract, and is entitled to a release from the contract, the vendee named in the contract, or his or her heirs, successors, or assigns, including, without limitation, any land contract mortgagees or other parties claiming a lien or security interest upon or in the vendee's interests in the contract, shall, when requested by the vendor, execute a discharge of the contract in the same manner as now provided by law for the discharge of mortgages.

(6) A person who is required under this section to enter into a conveyance or discharge and who fails or refuses to make the conveyance or discharge is subject to the same penalties, and to any other penalties or remedies existing before the effective date of this act, as are now provided by law for a refusal to discharge a real estate mortgage after the real estate mortgage has been fully paid. The party entitled to the conveyance or discharge may enforce the conveyance or discharge as provided in §44 of 1846 RS 65, MCL 565.44, for enforcing the discharge of mortgages. The petition or bill asking for the discharge shall contain all the material averments regarding the matter as required by that section in regard to mortgages, as applicable to land contracts. However, a land contract is not invalid for want of acknowledgment or recording.

(7) This section does not render a title unmarketable if that title would otherwise have been marketable.

(8) For the purposes of this act, a mortgage, deed, or land contract is subject to another real estate interest if, by its terms or by an independent voluntary subordination, it is subordinate to the other real estate interest or, as a matter of law, it would be automatically subordinate to the other real estate interest.

Mich. Comp. Laws §600.3101 et seq.

Mich. Comp. Laws §600.3101

The circuit court has jurisdiction to foreclose mortgages of real estate and land contracts. However, the procedures set forth in this chapter shall not apply to mortgages of real estate and land contracts held by the Michigan state housing development authority.

Mich. Comp. Laws §600.3105

(1) Foreclosure proceeding. If a judgment has been obtained in any other civil action for the money, or part thereof, demanded in the complaint in an action to foreclose a mortgage on real estate or a land contract, no proceeding shall be had in the action to foreclose unless the sheriff or other proper officer has returned an execution as unsatisfied, in whole or in part, and certified that he can find no property of the defendant out of which to satisfy the execution except the mortgaged premises.

(2) Proceeding at law. After a complaint has been filed to foreclose a mortgage on real estate or land contract, while it is pending, and after a judgment has been rendered upon it, no separate proceeding shall be had for the recovery of the debt secured by the mortgage, or any part of it, unless authorized by the court.

(3) Consolidation of suits. When a complaint is filed to foreclose a trust mortgage or deed of trust given to secure notes, bonds, or other evidences of indebtedness, the court may at any time before final judgment require all cases begun subsequent to the filing of the foreclosure complaint, by plaintiffs holding notes, bonds, or other evidences of indebtedness secured by the mortgage, to be consolidated with the action to foreclose, and the court may adjudicate the rights of the individual security holders.

Mich. Comp. Laws §600.3110

Whenever a complaint is filed for the satisfaction or foreclosure of any mortgage on real estate or land contract, upon which there is due any interest or any portion or installment of the principal and there are other portions or installments to become due subsequently, the complaint shall be dismissed upon the defendant's bringing into court, at any time before the judgment of sale, the principal and interest due, with costs.

Mich. Comp. Laws §600.3115

Whenever a complaint is filed for the foreclosure or satisfaction of any mortgage on real estate or land contract, the court has power to order a sale of the premises which are the subject of the mortgage on real estate or land contract, or of that part of the premises which is sufficient to discharge the amount due on the mortgage on real estate or land contract plus costs. But the circuit judge shall not order that the lands subject to the mortgage be sold within six months after the filing of the complaint for foreclosure of the mortgage or that the lands which are the subject of the land contract be sold within three months after the filing of the complaint for foreclosure of the land contract.

Mich. Comp. Laws §600.3120

If, after a judgment of sale is entered against him, the defendant brings into court the principal and interest due with costs, the proceedings in the action shall be stayed; but the court shall enter a judgment of foreclosure and sale to be enforced by a further order of the court upon a subsequent default in the payment of any portion or installment of the principal, or of any interest thereafter to become due.

Mich. Comp. Laws §600.3125

All sales of land on foreclosure of a land contract or mortgage on real estate shall be made by the county clerk of the county in which the judgment was rendered or of the county where the land or some part of the land is situated, by a deputy county clerk, or by some other person duly authorized by the order of the court. These sales shall be at public sale between the hour of 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. and shall take place at the courthouse or place of holding of the circuit court in the county in which the land or some part of it is situated or at any other place the court directs. The sale is subject to §6091.

Mich. Comp. Laws §600.3130

(1) The person making the sale shall execute deeds specifying the names of the parties in the action, the date of the land contract or mortgage, when and where it was recorded, a description of the premises sold, and the amount for which each parcel of land described in the deed was sold; and he shall indorse upon each deed the time it becomes operative if the premises are not redeemed according to law. Unless the premises or any parcel of them are redeemed within the time limited for redemption the deed shall become operative as to all parcels not redeemed, and shall vest in the grantee named in the deed, his heirs, or assigns all the right, title, and interest which the mortgagor had at the time of the execution of the mortgage or at any time thereafter.

(2) The deed of sale as soon as practicable and within 20 days after the sale shall be deposited with the register of deeds of the county in which the land therein described is situated, and the register shall indorse upon the deed the time it was received and shall record the deed at length in a book to be provided in his office for that purpose and shall index the deed in the regular index of deeds, and the fee for recording the deed shall be included among the other costs and expenses allowed by law. If the premises or any parcel of them are redeemed the register of deeds shall write on the face of the record the work “Redeemed” and he shall write at what date the entry is made and sign the entry with his official signature.

Mich. Comp. Laws §600.3135

(1) Application of proceeds; surplus. The proceeds of every sale under a judgment shall be applied to the discharge of the debt adjudged by the court to be due and of the costs awarded; and if there is any surplus it shall be brought into court for the use of the defendant, or of the person entitled to it, subject to the order of the court.

(2) Investment of surplus. If the surplus or any part of it remains in the court for the term of three months without being applied for, the circuit court may direct that it be put out at interest under the direction of the court for the benefit of the defendant, his representatives, or assigns, to be paid to them by the order of the court.

Mich. Comp. Laws §600.3140

(1) The mortgagor, the mortgagor's heirs or personal representative, or any person that has a recorded interest in the property lawfully claiming from or under the mortgagor or the mortgagor's heirs or personal representative may redeem the entire premises sold as ordered under §3115 by paying, within six months after the sale, to the purchaser or the purchaser's personal representative or assigns, or to the register of deeds in whose office the deed of sale is deposited as provided in the court rules, for the benefit of the purchaser, the amount that was bid with interest from the date of the sale at the interest rate provided for by the mortgage.

(2) The vendee of a land contract, the vendee's heirs or personal representative, or any person lawfully claiming from or under the vendee or the vendee's heirs or personal representative may redeem the entire premises sold as ordered under §3115 within six months after the sale by paying to the purchaser or the purchaser's personal representative or assigns, or to the register of deeds in whose office the deed of sale is deposited as provided in the court rules, for the benefit of the purchaser, the amount that was bid with interest from the date of the sale at the interest rate provided for by the land contract.

(3) A register of deeds shall not determine the amount necessary for redemption under this section. The purchaser shall attach an affidavit with the deed to be recorded under this section that states the exact amount required to redeem the property, including any daily per diem amounts, and the date by which the property must be redeemed must be stated on the certificate of the auctioneer. The purchaser may include in the affidavit the name of a designee responsible on behalf of the purchaser to assist the person redeeming the property in computing the exact amount required to redeem the property. The designee may charge a fee as stated in the affidavit and may be authorized by the purchaser to receive redemption money. The purchaser shall accept the amount computed by the designee.

(4) If redemption money is paid to the register of deeds under this section, the person redeeming the property shall pay a fee of $5 to the register of deeds for the care and custody of the redemption money.

(5) If payments are made as provided under this section, the deed of sale is void. If a distinct lot or parcel separately sold is redeemed, leaving a portion of the premises unredeemed, the deed of sale is void only as to the portion or portions of the premises that are redeemed.

(6) The amount stated in any affidavits recorded under this section shall be the amount necessary to satisfy the requirements for redemption under this section.

Mich. Comp. Laws §600.3145

The court may make provision in any judgment of foreclosure for the adding to the amount determined in the judgment to be due, any sum or sums paid at any time after the foreclosure and prior to the expiration of the period of redemption, as taxes assessed against the property and/or the portion of the premium of any insurance policy covering any buildings located on the premises as is required to keep the policy in force until the expiration of the period of redemption, if under the terms of the mortgage it would have been the duty of the defendants determined to be personally liable to have paid the taxes or insurance premium had the mortgage not been foreclosed. In case of any such payment which is made prior to the entry of the order confirming the commissioner's report of sale, determination of the additional liability shall be made in the order. In case of any such payment made after the entry of the order proof of the payment may be made by filing with the register of deeds with whom the deed of sale is deposited, an affidavit of payment by the purchaser or some one in his behalf having knowledge of the facts together with a receipt evidencing the payment of the taxes, or, in case of insurance premiums, an affidavit of an agent of the insurance company stating the making of the payment and also what portion of the payment covers the premium for the period prior to the expiration of the period of redemption. Redemption shall not be effected after the determination, or filing of affidavit and receipt, or affidavits, as the case may be, except upon payment of the additional sum or sums. In case the property is not redeemed the taxes or premiums paid after the confirmation of sale shall not be added to or included in the deficiency judgment.

Mich. Comp. Laws §600.3150

In the original judgment in foreclosure cases the court shall determine and adjudge which defendants, if any, are personally liable on the land contract or for the mortgage debt. The judgment shall provide that upon the confirmation of the report of sale that if either the principal, interest, or costs ordered to be paid, is left unpaid after applying the amount received upon the sale of the premises, the clerk of the court shall issue execution for the amount of the deficiency, upon the application of the attorney for the plaintiff, without notice to the defendant or his attorney. The court may order and compel the delivery of the possession of the premises to the purchaser at the sale.

Mich. Comp. Laws §600.3155

In any forfeiture, foreclosure, or specific performance case based upon a mortgage on real estate or land contract the court may fix and determine the minimum price at which the real property covered by the mortgage or land contract may be sold at the sale under the forfeiture, foreclosure, or specific performance proceedings.

Mich. Comp. Laws §600.3160

If the land contract or mortgage debt is secured by the obligation or other evidence of debt of any other person besides the vendee or mortgagor, the plaintiff may make that person a party to the action, and the court may order payment of the balance of the debt remaining unsatisfied, after a sale of the mortgaged premises, against this other person as well as against the vendee or mortgagor, and may enforce this judgment as in other cases.

Mich. Comp. Laws §600.3165

(1) If the defendant does not bring into court the amount due, with costs, or if for any other cause a judgment is entered for the plaintiff, and if it appears that the premises can be sold, in parcels, without injury to the interests of the parties, the judgment shall direct as much of the premises subject to the mortgage or land contract to be sold as is sufficient to pay the amount then due on the mortgage or land contract, with costs, and the judgment shall remain as security for any subsequent default.

(2) If there is any default subsequent to the judgment, in the payment of any portion or installment of the principal or of any interest due upon the mortgage or land contract, the court may, upon the petition of the plaintiff, by a further order founded upon the first judgment, direct a sale to be made of as much of the premises subject to the mortgage or land contract as is sufficient to satisfy the amount due, with costs of the petition and subsequent proceedings on it, and the same proceedings may be had as often as a default happens.

(3) If it appears to the court that the premises subject to the mortgage or land contract are so situated that a sale of the whole premises will be most beneficial to the parties the judgment shall be entered for the sale of the whole premises in the first instance. In this case the proceeds of the sale shall be applied to the interests, portion, or installment of the principal due as well as towards the whole or residue of the sum secured by the mortgage or land contract and not due and payable at the time of the sale. And if the residue does not bear interest the court may direct that the residue be paid with a rebate of the legal interest for the time during which the residue will not be due and payable; or the court may direct that the balance of the proceeds of the sale, after paying the sum due with costs, be put out at interest for the benefit of the plaintiff, to be paid to him as the installments or portions of the principal, or the interest become due, and the surplus for the benefit of the defendant, his representatives, or assigns, to be paid to them on the order of the court.

Mich. Comp. Laws §600.3170

(1) Authority of trustee to bid in at foreclosure for bondholders, effect on acquisition on rights of parties. When a complaint is filed in any circuit court for the foreclosure of any trust mortgage or deed of trust given to a trustee or trustees to secure bonds or other obligations issued and authenticated as set forth in the trust instrument, and on the sale of the mortgaged property had under the judgment on the complaint, no bid is made or appears to be obtainable for a sum which in the judgment of the court represents the then fair and reasonable value of the interest in the premises of the holders of the bonds or other obligations secured by the trust mortgage or deed in trust, the court may authorize the trustee or trustees to bid for and acquire the mortgaged property for a sum which in the judgment of the court represents the then fair and reasonable value of the interest. The court shall authorize the trustees to bid only if the court believes that to do so will be for the best interest of the holders of the bonds or obligations as a whole, and only if the persons requesting the authorization shall be representative in number of the persons holding bonds or obligations and hold at least a majority in value of the bonds or obligations. The authorization shall be made on the hearing on the report of the proceedings had in relation to the sale under the foreclosure judgment and may authorize that the bid be made in open court at the hearing or at any further offering for sale if the court directs any further offering for sale to be made. The acquisition by the trustee is subject to all rights of redemption by the mortgagor and other parties. The bid and acquisition and full title if not redeemed shall be for and on behalf of all holders of the bonds or other obligations secured by the mortgage and then outstanding according to their several and respective interests and the property shall be held and administered accordingly. The bid shall be satisfied by a pro rata credit on each bond or other obligation to the extent of the net distribution which would have been distributed on the bonds or other obligations if the bid were to be paid in cash.

(2) Management after acquisition, powers and duties of trustee; disposal; report, accounting. Any property so acquired shall be managed and administered by the trusts under and in accordance with the rules and principles of law and equity pertaining to express trusts generally subject to the jurisdiction of the court to be exercised in the cause by proceedings subsequent to the judgment and order. The trustee shall be allowed all proper expenses and disbursements and reasonable compensation to be approved by the court. The trustee has power and authority to repair, maintain, and operate or lease the property until a sale or other disposal of the property is approved or directed. The trustee may borrow money for the payment of the portion of the bid required to be paid in cash and for any other purpose of the trust or for the benefit of the holders of the bonds, obligations, or beneficial certificates under the trust and secure that borrowed money by mortgage of the property of the trust. This mortgage shall be superior to and binding upon the interests of the holders of the bonds or obligations or beneficial certificates provided for by this section. It is the duty of the trustee to negotiate and effect a sale or other disposal of the property at the earliest time at which it can be done without sacrifice of the fair and reasonable value of the property. Any sale may be for cash or in whole or in part for bonds, notes, debentures, stocks, or other securities. No operating contract which is for more than 2 years or borrowing of money, mortgage, sale, or other disposal shall be made except by and with the approval and authorization of the court upon consent of or due notice to a majority in interest of the then beneficiaries of the trust. The court in the order authorizing the trustee to bid and acquire the property as provided above or by any order made subsequent to it may provide any other terms, conditions, powers, duties, and authority of the trust and of the trustee not inconsistent with the foregoing and any limitations on the foregoing which the court considers just and which are approved by a majority in interest of the beneficiaries of the trust. The court may likewise provide for the surrender and cancellation or for the pro rata cancellation, as the case may be, of the bonds or other obligations and for the issuance of certificates evidencing the beneficial interests in and under the trust. Upon a sale or other disposal of all the trust property and the complete consummation of the disposal the trustee shall render in writing a full and complete report and account of the administration of the trust and of the distribution of the assets of the trust upon which a hearing shall be had after due notice to the holders of beneficial interests whose appearances are then on file. If any trust continues more than 1 year an account and report of its administration shall be rendered when required by the court but at least annually and when any report has been made the final account and report required above shall be required to cover only from the date of the then last account and report.

(3) Construction of section; supplementation by court rule. This section is intended to be remedial and to be liberally construed and to be supplemented by rule of court if necessary or expedient to the accomplishment or furtherance of its intents and purposes.

Mich. Comp. Laws §600.3175

(1) Action by owner. When a recorded mortgage on real property, land contract, or tax lien (except tax liens held by the state or any political subdivision of the state) on lands or property has been paid or satisfied or when 15 years have elapsed since the debt or lien secured by the mortgage, land contract, or tax lien became due and payable or since the last payment made upon it, and no civil action or proceedings have been commenced to collect the same and in case of tax deeds when no service of notice to interested persons (of any kind) has been filed with the county clerk, the owner of the land or property may institute an action in the circuit courts to discharge the mortgage, land contract or tax lien.

(2) Evidence of payment, lapse of 15 years, judgment. If it appears to the court at the trial, either by the production in evidence of the original mortgage, land contract, tax lien, bond or bonds, promissory notes to secure the payment of which the mortgage was given, or by any other competent evidence, that the debt or lien secured by the mortgage, land contract, or tax lien has been fully paid both in principal and interest; or if it appears to the court by competent evidence that the debt or lien has been past due for 15 years, or that 15 years have elapsed since the last payment was made on the debt or lien and that no action or proceeding has been commenced to foreclose or perfect the mortgage, land contract, or tax lien the court shall enter judgment to that effect which contains within it the names of the witnesses and the nature of the evidence by which the facts have been made to appear. A minute of this shall be entered in the court's journal. A copy of the judgment, signed by the judge of the court and attested by the clerk of the court under the seal of the court shall be delivered to the plaintiff and may be recorded in the office of the register of deeds for the county or counties in which the mortgage, land contract, or tax lien is recorded in the same manner and with the same effects in all respects as if it were a formal discharge of the mortgage, land contract, or tax lien duly executed by the mortgagee or owner of the land contract or tax lien.

Mich. Comp. Laws §600.3180

Actions under this chapter are equitable in nature.

Mich. Comp. Laws §600.3185

(1) If a defendant in an action to foreclose a mortgage on real estate or a land contract is a service member and either the defendant entered into the mortgage or land contract before becoming a service member or the defendant is deployed in overseas service, the court on its own motion may, or on motion of or in behalf of the service member shall, do either or both of the following, unless the court determines that the ability of the defendant to comply with the terms of the obligation secured by the mortgage or land contract is not materially affected by the service member's military service: (a) Stay proceedings in the action until six months after the end of the service member's period of military service. (b) Issue another order that is equitable to conserve the interests of the parties.

(2) This section does not apply to a mortgage or land contract entered into before the effective date of the amendatory act that added this section.

(3) As used in this section: (a) “Active duty” means full-time duty in the active military service of the United States. Active duty includes full-time training duty, annual training duty, and attendance, while in the active military service, at a school designated as a service school by law or by the secretary of the military department concerned. Active duty does not include full-time national guard duty. (b) “Military service” means any of the following: (i) Active duty. (ii) If the service member is a member of the national guard, service under a call to active service authorized by the president or secretary of defense of the United States for a period of more than 30 consecutive days under 32 USC §502(f) to respond to a national emergency declared by the president and supported by federal money. (iii) A period during which the service member is absent from active duty because of sickness, wounds, leave, or other lawful cause. (c) “Period of military service” means the period beginning on the date on which the service member enters military service and ending on the date on which the service member is released from military service or dies while in military service. (d) “Service member” means an individual who is in military service and is a member of the armed services or reserve forces of the United States or a member of the Michigan national guard.

Mich. Comp. Laws §600.5726

A person entitled to any premises may recover possession thereof by a proceeding under this chapter after forfeiture of an executory contract for the purchase of the premises but only if the terms of the contract expressly provide for termination or forfeiture, or give the vendor the right to declare a forfeiture, in consequence of the nonpayment of any moneys required to be paid under the contract or any other material breach of the contract. For purposes of this chapter, moneys required to be paid under the contract shall not include any accelerated indebtedness by reason of breach of the contract.

Mich. Comp. Laws §600.5728

(1) Possession may be recovered under §5726 only after the vendee or person holding possession under him has been served with a written notice of forfeiture and has failed in the required time to pay moneys required to be paid under the contract or to cure any other material breach of the contract. Unless the parties have agreed in writing to a longer time, the person served with a notice of forfeiture shall have 15 days thereafter before he is required to pay moneys required to be paid under the contract and cure other material breaches of the contract or to deliver possession of the premises.

(2) The notice of forfeiture shall state the names of the parties to the contract and the date of its execution, give the address or legal description of the premises, specify the unpaid amount of moneys required to be paid under the contract and the dates on which payments thereof were due, specify any other material breaches of the contract and shall declare forfeiture of the contract effective in 15 days, or specified longer time, after service of the notice, unless the money required to be paid under the contract is paid and any other material breaches of the contract are cured within that time. The notice shall be dated and signed by the person entitled to possession, his attorney or agent.

Mich. Comp. Laws §600.5730

The notice of forfeiture provided for in §5728 may be served by delivering it personally to the vendee or person holding possession under him or by delivering it on the premises to a member of his family or household or an employee, of suitable age and discretion, with a request that it be delivered to the vendee or person holding possession under him, or by sending it by first-class mail addressed to the last known address of the vendee or the person holding under him. If the notice is mailed, the date of service for purposes of this chapter is the next regular day for delivery of mail after the day when it was mailed. If notice cannot be served by one of these methods, it may be served by publication under the provisions of Act No. 235 of the Public Acts of 1929, being §554.301 and §554.302 of the Compiled Laws of 1948 and the date of the third publication is the date of service.

Mich. Comp. Laws §600.5732

Pursuant to applicable court rules, a court having jurisdiction over summary proceedings may provide for pleadings and motions, issue process and subpoenas, compel the attendance and testimony of witnesses, enter and set aside defaults and default judgments, allow amendments to pleadings, process, motions and orders, order adjournments and continuances, make and enforce all other writs and orders and do all other things necessary to hear and determine summary proceedings.

Mich. Comp. Laws §600.5733

(1) The court in which a summary proceeding is commenced shall issue a summons, which may be served on the defendant by any officer or person authorized to serve process of the court. The summons shall command the defendant to appear for trial in accordance with the provisions of subsection (2) unless by local court rule the provisions of subsection (4) have been made applicable.

(2) A summons issued under this section shall command the defendant to appear for trial as follows: (a) Within 30 days of the issuance date of the summons in proceedings under §5726, in which event the summons shall be served not less than 10 days before the date set for trial. (b) Within 10 days of the issuance date of the summons in all other proceedings, in which event the summons shall be served not less than three days before the date set for trial.

(3) If a summons issued under this section is not served within the time provided by subsection (2), additional summons shall be issued at the plaintiff's request in the same manner and with the same effect as the original summons.

(4) Instead of the provisions of subsection (2), a court by local rule may provide for the application of this subsection to summary proceedings commenced in the court, in which event the summons shall command the defendant to appear as follows: (a) Within 10 days after service of the summons upon the defendant in proceedings under §5726. (b) Within five days after service of the summons upon the defendant in all other proceedings.

(5) A summons issued under subsection (4) remains in effect until served or quashed or until the action is dismissed, but additional summons as needed for service may be issued at any time at the plaintiff's request.

(6) Except as otherwise provided by court rule, a summary proceeding shall be heard within seven days after the defendant's appearance or trial date and shall not be adjourned beyond that time other than by stipulation of the parties either in writing or on the record.

(7) An action to which §5714(1)(b) applies shall be heard at the time of the defendant's appearance or trial date and shall not be adjourned beyond that time except for extraordinary reasons.

Mich. Comp. Laws §600.5738

Any party to summary proceedings may demand a trial by jury within the time and manner provided by court rule. Procedures for selecting, impaneling and otherwise governing jurors in such proceedings shall be the same as for a trial by jury in other civil actions in the same court.

Mich. Comp. Laws §600.5739

(1) Except as provided by court rules, a party to summary proceedings may join claims and counterclaims for money judgment for damages attributable to wrongful entry, detainer, or possession, for breach of the lease or contract under which the premises were held, or for waste or malicious destruction to the premises. The court may order separate summary disposition of the claim for possession, without prejudice to any other claims or counterclaims. A claim or counterclaim for money judgment shall not exceed the amount in controversy that otherwise limits the jurisdiction of the court.

(2) If the court awards damages for physical injury to the premises under subsection (1) by making an award for or based on the cost of repairs, the court shall award damages for labor expended by a landlord or property manager in repairing the premises in the same manner as it would if the repairs were performed by a third party. A landlord's or property manager's labor under this subsection shall be compensated at a rate the court determines to be reasonable based on usual and customary charges for the repairs.

(3) If the court determines that the landlord breached the lease or contract under which the premises were held by failing to repair the premises and awards damages under subsection (1) by making an award for or based on the cost of repairs, the court shall award damages for labor expended by the tenant in repairing the premises in the same manner as it would if the repairs were performed by a third party. A tenant's labor under this subsection shall be compensated at a rate the court determines to be reasonable based on usual and customary charges for the repairs.

Mich. Comp. Laws §600.5741

If the jury or the judge finds that the plaintiff is entitled to possession of the premises, or any part thereof, judgment may be entered in accordance with the finding and may be enforced by a writ of restitution as provided in this chapter. If it is found that the plaintiff is entitled to possession of the premises, in consequence of the nonpayment of any money due under a tenancy, or the nonpayment of moneys required to be paid under an executory contract for purchase of the premises, the jury or judge making the finding shall determine the amount due or in arrears at the time of trial which amount shall be stated in the judgment for possession. In determining the amount due under a tenancy the jury or judge shall deduct any portion of the rent which the jury or judge finds to be excused by the plaintiff's breach of the lease or by his breach of one or more statutory covenants imposed by §39 of chapter 66 of the Revised Statutes of 1846, as added, being §554.139 of the Compiled Laws of 1948. The statement in the judgment for possession shall be only for the purpose of prescribing the amount which, together with taxed costs, shall be paid to preclude issuance of the writ of restitution. The judgment may include an award of costs, enforceable in the same manner as other civil judgments for money in the same court.

Mich. Comp. Laws §600.5744

(1) Subject to the time restrictions of this section, the court entering a judgment for possession in a summary proceeding shall issue a writ commanding a court officer appointed by or a bailiff of the issuing court, the sheriff or a deputy sheriff of the county in which the issuing court is located, or an officer of the law enforcement agency of the local unit of government in which the issuing court is located to restore the plaintiff to and put the plaintiff in full, peaceful possession of the premises by removing all occupants and all personal property from the premises and doing either of the following: (a) Leaving the property in an area open to the public or in the public right-of-way. (b) Delivering the property to the sheriff as authorized by the sheriff.

(2) Abandonment of the premises that is the subject of a writ under subsection (1) and of any personal property on the premises must be determined by the officer, bailiff, sheriff, or deputy sheriff serving the writ.

(3) On conditions determined by the court, a writ of restitution may be issued immediately after the entry of a judgment for possession if any of the following is pleaded and proved, with notice, to the satisfaction of the court: (a) The premises are subject to inspection and certificate of compliance under the housing law of Michigan, 1917 PA 167, MCL 125.401 to 125.543, and the certificate or temporary certificate has not been issued and the premises have been ordered vacated. (b) Forcible entry was made contrary to law. (c) Entry was made peaceably but possession is unlawfully held by force. (d) The defendant came into possession by trespass without color of title or other possessory interest. (e) The tenant, willfully or negligently, is causing a serious and continuing health hazard to exist on the premises or is causing extensive and continuing injury to the premises and is neglecting or refusing either to deliver up possession after demand or to substantially restore or repair the premises. (f) The action is an action to which §5714(1)(b) applies.

(4) If a judgment for possession is based on forfeiture of an executory contract for the purchase of the premises, a writ of restitution must not be issued until the expiration of 90 days after the entry of judgment for possession if less than 50% of the purchase price has been paid or until the expiration of six months after the entry of judgment for possession if 50% or more of the purchase price has been paid.

(5) If subsections (3) and (4) do not apply, a writ of restitution must not be issued until the expiration of 10 days after the entry of the judgment for possession.

(6) If an appeal is taken or a motion for new trial is filed before the expiration of the period during which a writ of restitution must not be issued and if a bond to stay proceedings is filed, the period during which the writ must not be issued is tolled until the disposition of the appeal or motion for new trial is final.

(7) If a judgment for possession is for nonpayment of money due under a tenancy or for nonpayment of money required to be paid under or any other material breach of an executory contract for purchase of the premises, the writ of restitution must not be issued if, within the time provided, the amount stated in the judgment, with the taxed costs, is paid to the plaintiff and other material breaches of the executory contract for purchase of the premises are cured.

(8) Issuance of a writ of restitution following entry of a judgment for possession because of the forfeiture of an executory contract for the purchase of the premises forecloses any equitable right of redemption that the purchaser has or could claim in the premises.

Mich. Comp. Laws §600.5747

If the plaintiff fails to prosecute his complaint, or if upon trial or motion the plaintiff is found not entitled to possession of the premises, judgment shall be rendered for the defendant for his costs, which shall be taxed and collected in the same manner as other civil judgments for money in the same court.

Mich. Comp. Laws §600.5750

The remedy provided by summary proceedings is in addition to, and not exclusive of, other remedies, either legal, equitable or statutory. A judgment for possession under this chapter does not merge or bar any other claim for relief, except that a judgment for possession after forfeiture of an executory contract for the purchase of premises shall merge and bar any claim for money payments due or in arrears under the contract at the time of trial and that a judgment for possession after forfeiture of such an executory contract which results in the issuance of a writ of restitution shall also bar any claim for money payments which would have become due under the contract subsequent to the time of issuance of the writ. The plaintiff obtaining a judgment for possession of any premises under this chapter is entitled to a civil action against the defendant for damages from the time of forcible entry or detainer, or trespass, or of the notice of forfeiture, notice to quit or demand for possession, as the case may be.

Mich. Comp. Laws §600.5753

Any party aggrieved by the determination or judgment of the court under this chapter may appeal to the circuit court of the same county. The appeal shall be made in the same manner as an appeal in other civil actions from the same court, with bond and procedure as provided by court rules.

Mich. Comp. Laws §600.5756

(1) If the complaint is for the recovery of possession of premises only, the fee for filing a proceeding under this chapter is $45.

(2) If a claim for a money judgment is joined with a claim for the recovery of possession of premises, the plaintiff shall pay a supplemental filing fee in the same amount as established by law for the filing of a claim for a money judgment in the same court.

(3) Of each filing fee collected under this section, at the end of each month, the clerk of the district court shall transmit $17 to the treasurer of the district funding unit in which the action was commenced, of which not less than $5 shall be used by the district funding unit to fund a drug treatment court if one is planned, established, or operated in that judicial district. If the entire amount attributable to the $5 portion is not needed for the operation of a drug treatment court, the balance that is not needed for that purpose shall be used for the operation of the district court. If a drug treatment court is not planned, established, or operated in that judicial district, all $17 shall be used for the operation of the district court. The clerk of the district court shall transmit the balance of the filing fee to the state treasurer for deposit in the civil filing fee fund created by §171.

(4) At the end of each month, the clerk of the district court shall transmit each supplemental filing fee collected under this section in the same manner as a fee under §83712 for the filing of a claim for money judgment for the same amount is transmitted.

Mich. Comp. Laws §600.5757

A fee of $15 shall be charged for each writ of restitution, garnishment, attachment, or execution and for each judgment debtor discovery subpoena issued.

Mich. Comp. Laws §600.5759

(1) In proceedings under this chapter, costs may be allowed in the same amounts as are provided by law in other civil actions in the same court, except that the costs provided by §2441 shall not apply. The court may also allow as taxable costs an amount not exceeding the following: (a) For a motion that results in dismissal or judgment, $75. (b) For a judgment taken by default or consent, $75. (c) For the trial of a claim for possession only, $150. (d) For the trial of a claim for a money judgment only, $150. (e) For a trial including both a claim for possession and a claim for a money judgment, $150.

(2) In determining taxable costs in tenancy cases, the judge shall take into consideration whether the jury or judge found that a portion of the rent allegedly due to the plaintiff was excused by reason of the plaintiff's breach of the lease or breach of his or her statutory covenants.

Mich. Court Rule 4.202

(A) Applicable Rules. Except as provided by this rule and MCL 600.5701 et seq., a summary proceeding to recover possession of premises after forfeiture of an executory contract for the purchase of premises as described in MCL 600.5726 is governed by the Michigan Court Rules.

(B) Jurisdiction. (1) Status of Premises. The proceeding may be brought when the premises are vacant or are in the possession of (a) the vendee, (b) a party to the contract, (c) an assignee of the contract, or (d) a third party. (2) Powers of Court. The court may do all things necessary to hear and resolve the proceeding, including but not limited to (a) hearing and deciding all issues, (b) ordering joinder of additional parties, (c) ordering or permitting amendments or additional pleadings, and (d) making and enforcing writs and orders.

(C) Necessary Parties. The plaintiff must join as defendants (1) the vendee named in the contract, (2) any person known to the plaintiff to be claiming an interest in the premises under the contract, and (3) any person in possession of the premises, unless that party has been released from liability.

(D) Complaint. The complaint must: (1) comply with the general pleading requirements; (2) allege (a) the original selling price, (b) the principal balance due, and (c) the amount in arrears under the contract; (3) state with particularity any other material breach claimed as a basis for forfeiture; and (4) have attached to it a copy of the notice of forfeiture, showing when and how it was served on each named defendant.

(E) Summons. The summons must comply with MCR 2.102 and MCL 600.5735, and command the defendant to appear and answer or take other action permitted by law within the time permitted by statute after service of the summons on the defendant.

(F) Service of Process. The defendant must be served with a copy of the complaint and summons under MCR 2.105.

(G) Recording. All executory contract summary proceedings conducted in open court must be recorded by stenographic or mechanical means, and only a reporter or recorder certified under MCR 8.108(G) may file a transcript of the record in a Michigan court.

(H) Answer; Default. (1) Answer. The answer must comply with general pleading requirements and allege those matters on which the defendant intends to rely to defeat the claim or any part of it. (2) Default. (a) If the defendant fails to appear, the court, on the plaintiff's motion, may enter a default and may hear the plaintiff's proofs in support of judgment. If satisfied that the complaint is accurate, the court must enter a default judgment under MCL 600.5741, and in accord with subrule (J). The default judgment must be mailed to the defendant by the court clerk and must inform the defendant that (if applicable) (i) he or she may be evicted from the premises; (ii) he or she may be liable for a money judgment. (b) If the plaintiff fails to appear, a default and judgment as to costs under MCL 600.5747 may be entered. (c) If a party fails to appear, the court may adjourn the hearing for up to seven days. If the hearing is adjourned, the court must mail notice of the new date to the party who failed to appear. (3) Use of Videoconferencing Technology. For any hearing held under this subchapter, in accordance with MCR 2.407, the court may allow the use of videoconferencing technology by any participant as defined in MCR 2.407(A)(1).

(I) Joinder; Removal. (1) A party may join a claim or counterclaim for equitable relief or a money claim or counterclaim described by MCL 600.5739. A money claim must be separately stated in the complaint. A money counterclaim must be labeled and separately stated in a written answer. If such a joinder is made, the court may order separate summary disposition of the claim for possession, as described by MCL 600.5739. (2) A court with a territorial jurisdiction which has a population of more than one million may provide, by local rule, that a money claim or counterclaim must be tried separately from a claim for possession unless joinder is allowed by leave of the court pursuant to subrule (I)(3). (3) If adjudication of a money counterclaim will affect the amount the defendant must pay to prevent the issuance of a writ of restitution, the counterclaim must be tried at the same time as the claim for possession, subrules (I)(1) and (2) notwithstanding, unless it appears to the court that the counterclaim is without merit. (4) If a money claim or counterclaim exceeding the court's jurisdiction is introduced, the court, on motion of either party or on its own initiative, shall order, in accordance with the procedures in MCR 4.002, removal of that portion of the action, if the money claim or counterclaim is sufficiently shown to exceed the court's jurisdictional limit.

(J) Judgment. The judgment (1) must comply with MCL 600.5741; (2) must state when, and under what conditions, if any, a writ of restitution will issue; (3) must state that an appeal or postjudgment motion to challenge the judgment may be filed within 10 days; (4) may contain such other terms and conditions as the nature of the action and the rights of the parties require; and (5) Notice. The plaintiff must mail or deliver a copy of the judgment to the parties. The time period for applying for the order of eviction does not begin to run until the judgment is mailed or delivered.

(K) Order of Eviction. (1) Request. When the time stated in the judgment expires, a party awarded possession may apply for an order of eviction. The application must: (a) be written; (b) be verified by a person having knowledge of the facts stated; (c) if any money due under the judgment has been paid, show the conditions under which it was accepted; and (d) state whether the party awarded judgment has complied with its terms. (2) Hearing Required if Part of Judgment Has Been Paid. An order of eviction may not be issued if any part of the amount due under the judgment has been paid unless a hearing has been held after the defendant has been given notice and an opportunity to appear.

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