The arrangement of a network that comprises nodes and connecting lines via sender and receiver is referred to as network topology. The various network topologies are: Show Mesh Topology:In a mesh topology, every device is connected to another device via a particular channel. In Mesh Topology, the protocols used are AHCP (Ad Hoc Configuration Protocols), DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), etc. Figure 1: Every device is connected to another via dedicated channels. These channels are known as links.
Advantages of this topology:
Problems with this topology:
Star Topology:In star topology, all the devices are connected to a single hub through a cable. This hub is the central node and all other nodes are connected to the central node. The hub can be passive in nature i.e., not an intelligent hub such as broadcasting devices, at the same time the hub can be intelligent known as an active hub. Active hubs have repeaters in them. Coaxial cables or RJ-45 cables are used to connect the computers. In Star Topology, many popular Ethernet LAN protocols are used as CD(Collision Detection), CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access), etc. Figure 2: A star topology having four systems connected to a single point of connection i.e. hub. Advantages of this topology:
Problems with this topology:
Bus Topology:Bus topology is a network type in which every computer and network device is connected to a single cable. It is bi-directional. It is a multi-point connection and a non-robust topology because if the backbone fails the topology crashes. In Bus Topology, various MAC (Media Access Control) protocols are followed by LAN ethernet connections like TDMA, Pure Aloha, CDMA, Slotted Aloha, etc. Figure 3: A bus topology with shared backbone cable. The nodes are connected to the channel via drop lines. Advantages of this topology:
Problems with this topology:
Ring Topology:In this topology, it forms a ring connecting devices with exactly two neighboring devices. A number of repeaters are used for Ring topology with a large number of nodes, because if someone wants to send some data to the last node in the ring topology with 100 nodes, then the data will have to pass through 99 nodes to reach the 100th node. Hence to prevent data loss repeaters are used in the network. The data flows in one direction, i.e.., it is unidirectional, but it can be made bidirectional by having 2 connections between each Network Node, it is called Dual Ring Topology. In-Ring Topology, the Token Ring Passing protocol is used by the workstations to transmit the data. Figure 4: A ring topology comprises 4 stations connected with each forming a ring. The most common access method of ring topology is token passing.
The following operations take place in ring topology are :
Advantages of this topology:
Problems with this topology:
Tree Topology :This topology is the variation of the Star topology. This topology has a hierarchical flow of data. In Tree Topology, protocols like DHCP and SAC (Standard Automatic Configuration ) are used. Figure 5: In this, the various secondary hubs are connected to the central hub which contains the repeater. This data flow from top to bottom i.e. from the central hub to the secondary and then to the devices or from bottom to top i.e. devices to the secondary hub and then to the central hub. It is a multi-point connection and a non-robust topology because if the backbone fails the topology crashes. Advantages of this topology :
Problems with this topology :
Hybrid Topology :This topological technology is the combination of all the various types of topologies we have studied above. It is used when the nodes are free to take any form. It means these can be individuals such as Ring or Star topology or can be a combination of various types of topologies seen above. Each individual topology uses the protocol that has been discussed earlier. Hybrid Topology Figure 6: The above figure shows the structure of the Hybrid topology. As seen it contains a combination of all different types of networks. Advantages of this topology :
Problems with this topology :
Which topologies use pointA mesh topology is a point-to-point connection where nodes are interconnected. In this form of topology, data is transmitted via two methods: routing and flooding.
Which topology connects every device to each other?A tree topology is a type of structure in which all the computers are connected with each other in hierarchical fashion.
Which network topology has a pointA mesh topology is an intricate and elaborate structure of point-to-point connections where the nodes are interconnected. Mesh networks can be full or partial mesh.
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