Which of the following statements best describes a difference between the views of functionalist and conflict theorist on credential ism?

________ is formal training and instruction provided in a classroom setting.

a. Schooling
b. Knowledge transmission
c. Higher education
d. Affirmative action e. Tracking

a. Schooling

_______ transmits attitudes, knowledge, beliefs, values, norms, and skills to a society's members. '

a. Functionalism
b. Education
c. Curricula
d. Credentialism
e. Religion

b. Education

Which of the following is a change undergone by U.S. education and schooling since the beginning of the twentieth century?

a. Women and racial-ethnic groups have dropped out of colleges and universities.
b. Student diversity in colleges has decreased
c. Community colleges have flourished.
d. Cheating has become rare in colleges and graduate schools.

c. Community colleges have flourished.

According to functionalists, a manifest function of education is that it ________
a. decreases job competition
b. brings unmarried people together e. offers business opportunities
c. increases societal cohesion
d. creates social networks

c. increases societal cohesion

According to functionalists, which of the following is a latent function of education?

a. Schools are socialization agencies that teach children how to get along with others.
b. Education transmits knowledge and culture.
c. Education promotes cultural innovation. d. Education benefits taxpayers.
e. Schools provide childcare for the growing number of single-parent families.

e. Schools provide childcare for the growing number of single-parent families.

Conflict theorists maintain that education ________.

a. reduces achievement gaps
b. creates and perpetuates social inequality e. makes a big difference in lifetime earnings
c. provides people with an opportunity for upward mobility
d. contributes to society's stability, solidarity, and well-being

b. creates and perpetuates social inequality e. makes a big difference in lifetime earnings

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between the views of functionalists and conflict theorists on credentialism?

a. Functionalists maintain that credentialism gives rise to achievement gaps, while conflict theorists contend that credentialism reduces achievement gaps.
b. Functionalists maintain that for many positions, people succeed because of ability or other factors, while conflict theorists contend that credentialism stimulates upward social mobility.
c. Functionalists maintain that credentialism rewards people for their accomplishments, while conflict
theorists contend that for many positions, people can gain skills on the job with a few weeks of training.
d. Functionalists maintain that credentialism does not account for efficiency, while conflict theorists contend that credentialism sorts out those who are the most qualified for jobs.
e. Functionalists maintain that credentialism restricts upward social mobility, while conflict theorists contend that credentialism offers a great sense of achievement.

c. Functionalists maintain that credentialism rewards people for their accomplishments, while conflict
theorists contend that for many positions, people can gain skills on the job with a few weeks of training.

Which of the following statements reflects feminist theories on education?

a. Education teaches roles and values through everyday behavior.
b. Education contributes to a society's stability and cohesion.
c. Education reinforces social class inequality. d. Education is unimportant for a society's survival.
e. Education produces inequality based on gender.

e. Education produces inequality based on gender.

Which of the following is a common criticism of feminist theories of education?

a. They devote too much attention to issues such as why boys are more disruptive in elementary school.
b. They overstate the importance of social class achievement gaps.
c. They overstate the importance of credentialism and credential inflation.
d. They address women's education barriers but not their choices.
e. They are more interested in men's than in women's gender gaps.

d. They address women's education barriers but not their choices.

Which of the following is one of the reasons that U.S. teachers aren't as effective as they could be?

a. U.S. teachers are recruited from the top third of their classes.
b. U.S. educational policies are student-focused and egalitarian.
c. Teachers in the United States are paid well and have considerable job security.
d. U.S. teachers have more advanced degrees than their counterparts in other countries.
e. In the United States, average class size is considerably higher than in countries ranking at the top of academic performance.

e. In the United States, average class size is considerably higher than in countries ranking at the top of academic performance.

Stanley is the founder of a new religious movement (NRM). His followers believe that he is the reincarnation of a Christian prophet, and they have devoted their lives to him. He is viewed as a supernatural being who serves as a mediator between them and God. In this case, Stanley is most likely a(n) _____.

a. charismatic leader
b. transactional leader
c. permanent deacon
d. authoritarian leader
e. secular leader

a. charismatic leader

_____ refers to the ways people demonstrate their religious beliefs.

a. Tracking
b. Spirituality
c. Secularization
d. Religiosity
e. Credentialism

d. Religiosity

Who wrote The Sacred and the Profane?

a. Karl Marx
b. Emile Durkheim
c. John Calvin
d. John Wesley
e. Max Weber

b. Emile Durkheim

Which of the following is true of religious participation in the United States?

a. Non-Christians have the highest rates of religious participation.
b. Men are more likely to be religious than women.
c. Many people are more likely to believe in a religion than to practice it by attending services regularly.
d. Mormons have the lowest rates of attending worship services regularly.
e. White people are more religious than any other group in the United States.

c. Many people are more likely to believe in a religion than to practice it by attending services regularly.

In the context of social class, which of the following statements is true of religion?

a. People with higher educational levels are more religious than those with less education.
b. As education increases, the importance of religion generally decreases.
c. As income increases, the importance of religion also increases.
d. People with less education are generally nonreligious. e. Education and religion are not correlated.

b. As education increases, the importance of religion generally decreases.

___________ is a process in which religion loses its social and cultural influence.
a. Agnostification
b. Secularization
c. Fundamentalism
d. Consciousness
e. Diversity

b. Secularization

According to functionalists, in which of the following ways does society benefit from religion?

a. Religion decreases gender discrimination and inequality.
b. Religion provides equal access for all groups.
c. Religion rewards people for their individual accomplishments.
d. Religion acts as the opium of the people.
e. Religion provides meaning in life and offers hope for the future.

e. Religion provides meaning in life and offers hope for the future.

In which of the following ways does religion promote social control?

a. Many religious organizations help the poor and sick. b. Religion helps people cope with the daily struggles of survival.
c. Many religious people try to follow societal rules for fear of punishment in the afterlife.
d. Communal worship and rituals increase social contacts and help people develop a sense of identity.
e. Religion provides meaning in life and offers hope for the future.

c. Many religious people try to follow societal rules for fear of punishment in the afterlife.

Conflict theorists believe that religion __________.

a. promotes and reinforces social inequality
b. is not innate but socially constructed
c. plays a role in bringing consensus and harmony in society
d. is the most common means of learning
e. provides meaning in life and offers hope for the future

a. promotes and reinforces social inequality

______ refers to an acceptance of a system of beliefs that prevents people from protesting oppression.

a. Affirmative action
b. Spirituality
c. Symbolism
d. False consciousness
e. Valuation

d. False consciousness

Feminist theorists agree with conflict theorists that religion __________.

a. can promote social change
b. offers hope for the future
c. can foster violence and inequality
d. is innate, not socially constructed
e. provides meaning in life c. can foster violence and inequality

c. can foster violence and inequality

How do symbolic interactionists view religion?

a. For symbolic interactionists, religion promotes and reinforces social inequality.
b. For symbolic interactionists, religion is not innate but socially constructed.
c. Symbolic interactionists recognize that religion can be dysfunctional when it harms individuals.
d. Symbolic interactionists see religion as a tool that dominant groups use to control society.
e. Symbolic interactionists imply that religion is indispensable to leading a good life.

b. For symbolic interactionists, religion is not innate but socially constructed

Which religion has the most members worldwide?
a. Buddhism
b. Christianity
c. Hinduism
d. Islam
e. None of these

b. Christianity

Which is the second largest religion in the world?

a. Buddhism
b. Christianity
c. Hinduism
d. Islam
e. None of these

d. Islam

_________ is the state of physical, mental, and social well-being.

a. Disease
b. Medicine
c. Epidemiology
d. Health
e. Illness

d. Health

Which of the following statements best describes social epidemiology?

a. It examines how societal factors affect the distribution of disease within a population.
b. It refers to the prevention, management, and treatment of illness within a society.
c. It refers to any physical or mental impairment that limits a person's ability to perform a basic life activity and function well in a society.
d. It is the study of long-term or lifelong illnesses that develop gradually or are present from birth.
e. It examines how a society ranks people based on their access to valued resources such as wealth, power, and
prestige.

a. It examines how societal factors affect the distribution of disease within a population.

_____ is the number of new cases of a health problem that occurs in a given population during a given time period.

a. Preference
b. Frequency
c. Incidence
d. Epidemic
e. Prevalence

c. Incidence

Which of the following best describes prevalence?

a. It is a ranking of various countries by health outcomes. b. It is a disorder that impacts a person's normal condition.
c. It is the total number of cases of an illness or health problem within a population at a particular point in time.
d. It is the prevention, management, and treatment of illness. e. It is the number of new cases of a health problem that occurs in a given population during a given time period.

c. It is the total number of cases of an illness or health problem within a population at a particular point in time.

_____ is the prevention, treatment, and management of illness.

a. Health care
b. Disability
c. Social epidemiology
d. Health
e. Medicine

a. Health care

Which of the following groups of countries has the highest life expectancy at birth?

a. High-income countries
b. Low-income countries
c. Lower-middle-income countries
d. Middle-income countries
e. Upper-middle-income countries

a. High-income countries

Which of the following statements is true about global health disparities?

a. High-income populations have lower infant mortality rates than low-income populations.
b. Chronic malnutrition is more prevalent in high-income countries than in low-income countries.
c. High-income populations spend less on health care than do low-income populations.
d. Low-income populations live longer than high-income populations.
e. Death rate due to chronic malnutrition has decreased in low-income countries, but it has increased in high-
income countries.

a. High-income populations have lower infant mortality rates than low-income populations.

In the context of global health disparities, which of the following statements is true of the United States?

a. It ranks first in the world on a number of health measures.
b. It spends the least amount on health care of all developed nations.
c. It ranks last or near-last on key health areas compared with 16 other high-income countries.
d. It is considered a low-income country by the World Bank.
e. Other countries have a "health disadvantage" compared to the United States.

c. It ranks last or near-last on key health areas compared with 16 other high-income countries.

Which of the following statements is true of chronic diseases?

a. Chronic diseases include chicken pox.
b. Chronic diseases strike suddenly.
c. Chronic diseases disappear rapidly.
d. Chronic diseases are long-term illnesses.
e. Chronic diseases decrease as people age.

d. Chronic diseases are long-term illnesses.

Which of the following is a difference between chronic and acute diseases?

a. Unlike acute diseases, chronic diseases decrease as people age.
b. Unlike acute diseases, chronic diseases can cause death and incapacitation.
c. Unlike acute diseases, chronic diseases are never present at birth.
d. Unlike chronic diseases, acute diseases are lifelong illnesses.
e. Unlike chronic diseases, acute diseases strike suddenly and disappear rapidly.

e. Unlike chronic diseases, acute diseases strike suddenly and disappear rapidly.

Who among the following suffers from an acute disease?

a. Katie, who has high blood pressure
b. Jeremy, who has asthma
c. Syed, who has dementia
d. Mia, who has chicken pox
e. Gina, who has diabetes

d. Mia, who has chicken pox

_______ is the single most common mental health problem among adolescents.

a. Anxiety
b. Bulimia
c. Dementia
d. Schizophrenia
e. Depression

a. Anxiety

Which of the following statements is true of the impact of social class on health?

a. The lower the family income, the greater the likelihood of adults experiencing two or more chronic diseases as early as age 45.
b. The lower the family income, the lesser the likelihood of a sedentary lifestyle because of limited recreational
facilities.
c. The lower the family income, the lesser the likelihood of stress.
d. The lower the family income, the lesser the likelihood of occupational injuries.
e. The lower the family income, the greater the access to health care services.

a. The lower the family income, the greater the likelihood of adults experiencing two or more chronic diseases as early as age 45.

Which of the following groups experiences the highest infant mortality rate in the United States?

a. Latinos
b. Pacific Islanders
c. Whites
d. African Americans
e. Asian Americans

d. African Americans

Which of the following ethnic groups has the highest life expectancy rates?

a. Latinos
b. Asians
c. African Americans
d. Native Americans
e. Indian Americans

a. Latinos

Which of the following groups is least likely to die from illicit drugs and prescription drug abuse in the U.S.?

a. Native Americans
b. Asians
c. Alaska Natives
d. African Americans
e. Latinos

e. Latinos

Which of the following is one of the top three preventable lifestyle health hazards in the United States?

a. Smoking
b. Epidemic diseases
c. Vitamin deficiency
d. Dehydration
e. Purging

a. Smoking

Which of the following is one of the reasons smoking prevention is difficult in the United States?

a. Low availability of cigarettes and cigars
b. High spending on tobacco control programs
c. Cigarette ads are banned
d. The tobacco industry spends billions each year on marketing
e. Cigarettes are difficult to acquire

d. The tobacco industry spends billions each year on marketing

Which of the following is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United States?

a. Mescaline
b. Marijuana
c. Cocaine
d. Heroin
e. Ecstasy

b. Marijuana

________ is a social institution that deals with illness, injury, and other health problems.

a. Health care
b. Medicine
c. Insurance
d. Politics
e. The family

b. Medicine

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) produced the most significant gains in coverage for _____.

a. American Indians
b. Whites
c. Latinos
d. Asians
e. African Americans

c. Latinos

Which of the following is a benefit of the Affordable Care Act (ACA)?

a. Pre-existing conditions are covered.
b. Some major insurers have dropped out of exchanges. c. People who don't have any health insurance risk paying a penalty.
d. It is impossible to compare health coverage offered by different insurers.
e. There are time limits on care.

a. Pre-existing conditions are covered

Which of the following statements is true of health insurance in the United States?

a. The majority of Americans get health insurance from the government.
b. More than 40 percent of Americans get their health insurance through Medicaid.
c. Medicare pays the medical costs of Americans on the basis of income.
d. Employer-based health insurance coverage has deteriorated.
e. Medicaid provides medical care exclusively for people aged 45 years and over.

b. More than 40 percent of Americans get their health insurance through Medicaid.

Which of the following countries spends the most on health care?

a. The United States
b. India
c. China
d. Russia
e. The United Kingdom

a. The United States

Which of the following is a difference between other high-income countries and the United States, with respect to health care?

a. In the United States, the federal government processes most health care bills.
b. In most high-income countries, pharmaceutical companies set whatever prices they like for prescription drugs.
c. In most high-income countries, the government and nonprofits have considerable power in setting prices
for health care providers and services.
d. In the United States, virtually no hospitals make a profit.
e. In Canada and other high-income countries, bills are submitted to many different insurance providers.

c. In most high-income countries, the government and nonprofits have considerable power in setting prices for health care providers and services.

26. Which of the following statements is true about hospitals in the United States?

a. They are all nonprofit.
b. They are the most expensive part of the health system.
c. Hospital executives are poorly compensated.
d. They are government owned and operated.
e. Nonprofits especially do not bring in any revenue.

b. They are the most expensive part of the health system.

Which of the following is most likely a reason for the United States spending more per capita on health care than other developed countries?

a. Low availability of medicines
b. Low population growth rate
c. High prescription prices
d. Low disability rates
e. High rate of inflation

c. High prescription prices

Which of the following statements best exemplifies the functionalist perspective on health and medicine?

a. A drive for profit ignores people's health needs.
b. Illness and disease are socially constructed.
c. Men control women's health.
d. Health and medicine are critical for a society's survival.
e. The medical establishment is a powerful social control agent.

d. Health and medicine are critical for a society's survival.

Talcott Parsons (1951) introduced the concept of the _____, a social role that excuses people from normal obligations because of illness.

a. gatekeeper role
b. sick role
c. symbolic role
d. institutional role
e. fundamental role

b. sick role

Which of the following statements best exemplifies conflict theories of health and medicine?

a. Labeling people as ill increases their likelihood of being stigmatized.
b. A drive for profit ignores people's health needs.
c. Illness is dysfunctional because it prevents people from performing social roles.
d. Women are less likely than men to receive quality health care.
e. Illness and disease are socially constructed.

b. A drive for profit ignores people's health needs.

Unlike functionalists, conflict theorists believe that the medical system _____.

a. reinforces social inequality
b. is driven by a concern for people's well-being
d. is driven by the need to invent new medicines
c. is devised against pharmaceutical lobbyists
e. ensures a society's survival

a. reinforces social inequality

According to the _____ perspective, men control women's health.

a. functionalist
b. fundamentalist
c. feminist
d. constructivist
e. symbolic interactionist

c. feminist

Which of the following statements best characterizes the symbolic interactionist perspective on health and illness?

a. Illness and medicine are social constructions that can change over time.
b. Women are less likely than men to receive high-quality health care.
c. Sick people are expected to seek professional help and get well.
d. A drive for profits ignores people's health needs.
e. Men control women's health.

a. Illness and medicine are social constructions that can change over time.

_____is a process that defines a nonmedical condition or behavior as an illness, disorder, or disease that requires
medical treatment.

a. Industrialization
b. Medicalization
c. Declassification
d. Evaluation
e. Diagnosis

b. Medicalization

_____ is the scientific study of human populations.

a. Epidemiology
b. Physiology
c. Geology
d. Demography
e. Biometrics

d. Demography

A(n) _____ is a group of people who share a geographic territory.

a. tribe
b. enclave
c. population
d. demographic
e. citizenry

c. population

_____ is the number of babies born during a specified period in a particular society.

a. Infertility
b. Fertility
c. Birth rate
d. Replacement rate
e. Population growth

b. Fertility

Which of the following statements is true of crude birth rate?

a. It is the rate at which a population of 1,000 people double their number.
b. It counts the number of babies who live beyond the age of three for every 1,000 people.
c. It is based on the age and marital status of women.
d. It is based on the populations of the least developed countries.
e. It is based on the total population rather than more specific measures.

e. It is based on the total population rather than more specific measures.

The total fertility rate is the _____.

a. rate at which a population doubles in size
b. average number of children born to a woman during her lifetime
c. median age at which women have their first child
d. total number of children who have lived beyond the age of five years
e. number of live births for every 1,000 people in a population in a given year

b. average number of children born to a woman during her lifetime

_____ is the number of deaths in a population during a specified period.

a. Funereality
b. Mortality
c. Morbidity
d. Fertility
e. Migration

b. Mortality

The crude death rate is defined as _____.

a. the average age at which people die in a population b. the total number of deaths in a population in a given year
c. the average number of child mortality per day in a country
d. the number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population in a given year
e. the number of still births for every 100 people in a population in a given year

d. the number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population in a given year

_____ is the movement of people into or out of a specific geographic area.

a. Geography
b. Mortality
c. Fertility
d. Migration
e. Immigration

d. Migration

A _____ is the proportion of men to women in a population.

a. gender calculation
b. sex ratio
c. gender ratio
d. patriarchal ratio
e. fertility rate

b. sex ratio

A population pyramid is a graphic depiction of _____.

a. a population's racial and ethnic trends at a given point in time
b. a population's emigration and immigration trends at a given point in time
c. a population's age and sex distribution at a given point in time
d. a population's economic and natural resources at a given point in time
e. a population's crude birth and death rates at a given point in time

c. a population's age and sex distribution at a given point in time

In the context of the Malthusian theory, which of the following statements is true?

a. According to the theory, the population grows at an arithmetic rate.
b. It maintains that the population is growing faster than the food supply needed to sustain it.
c. It states that resources available to humans will quadruple by 2050.
d. Neo-Malthusians are against the old theory and believe the population is under control.
e. According to neo-Malthusians, the earth will survive as it is a "striving planet."

b. It maintains that the population is growing faster than the food supply needed to sustain it

Which of the following theories maintains that population growth changes as societies undergo industrialization, modernization, technological progress, and urbanization?

a. Neo-Malthusian theory
b. Sector theory
c. Malthusian theory
d. Demographic transition theory
e. Multiple-nuclei theory

d. Demographic transition theory

______ is a stable population level that occurs when each woman has no more than two children.

a. Population explosion
b. Aging population
c. Zero population growth
d. Advanced population
e. Industrialization

c. Zero population growth

_____ is people's movement from rural areas to cities, which results in the increased size of cities.

a. Modernization
b. Localization
c. Urbanization
d. Globalization
e. Colonization

c. Urbanization

Which of the following is true of world urbanization trends?

a. In 1950, the world had only two megacities.
b. By 2030, there will be 200 megacities.
c. By 2030, there will be 41 megacities in the United States.
d. Australia is home to nearly 90 percent of the world's rural population.
e. The number of megacities is growing, but they are much smaller than in the past.

a. In 1950, the world had only two megacities.

A(n) _____ is a metropolitan area with at least 10 million inhabitants.

a. hypercity
b. megacity
c. edge city
d. exurb
e. metropolitan statistical area

b. megacity

_____ refers to the rapid, unplanned, and uncontrolled spread of development into regions adjacent to cities.

a. Urbanization
b. Gentrification
c. Urban sprawl
d. Residential segregation
e. Urban development

c. Urban sprawl

_____ studies the relationships between people and urban environments.

a. Sociology
b. Urban ecology
c. Environmentalism
d. Gentrification
e. Demography

b. Urban ecology

Which of the following is a functionalist view on urbanization?

a. Urbanism has negative consequences including alienation and friction.
b. An urbanized environment is where one's physical contacts are close, but social contacts are distant.
c. Urbanization is largely the result of decisions made by powerful capitalists and high-income groups.
d. Urban space is a commodity that is bought and sold for profit.
e. Cities serve many important social and economic functions, but urbanization also has its downsides.

e. Cities serve many important social and economic functions, but urbanization also has its downsides.

Which of the following statements best reflects the views of new urban sociology?

a. Urban changes are largely the result of decisions made by powerful capitalists and high-income groups. b. individuals living in urban areas have better physical and emotional health than those living in rural areas.
c. Women generally experience fewer choices and more constraints than men.
d. Cities serve more economic and social functions than rural regions. e. Urban residents differ in their types of interaction, lifestyles, and perceptions of urban life.

a. Urban changes are largely the result of decisions made by powerful capitalists and high-income groups.

Which of the following statements is true of water consumption?

a. The developing world has more access to fresh water than industrialized nations.
b. The world's demand for water has reduced by 10 percent over the last half century.
c. The average person in the United States uses about 40 gallons of water a day.
d. Industrialized nations use more water and pay less for it.
e. Europeans pay five times as much as the developing world for clean water.

d. Industrialized nations use more water and pay less for it.

___________ refers to the exposure of poor people, especially minorities, to environmental hazards.

a. Fracking
b. Privatization
c. Environmental justice
d. Environmental racism
e. Environmentalism

d. Environmental racism

At least 95 percent of global warming is due to _____.

a. volcanic eruptions
b. human activities
c. changes in solar radiation
d. clean energy resources
e. natural forest fires

b. human activities

Sustainable development refers to _____.

a. an increase in the number of business firms that indulge in greenwashing
b. a change in the environment of a species
c. reversal of the damage caused by humans in an attempt to save the planet
d. a steady increase in the utilization of conventional energy sources
e. economic activities that do not threaten the environment

e. economic activities that do not threaten the environment

Which of the following statements best defines social change?

a. It is a gap between what people have and what they think they should have compared with others in a society.
b. It is the act of spreading rumors, often negative, about other people's personal lives.
c. It is an intense, fearful, and anxious reaction to a real or imagined threat by large numbers of people.
d. It refers to the spontaneous and unstructured social behavior of a large number of people.
e. It refers to the transformations of societies and social institutions over time.

e. It refers to the transformations of societies and social institutions over time.

_____ is the spontaneous and unstructured behavior of a large number of people.

a. Collective behavior
b. Social change
c. Social interaction
d. Collectivism
e. Interactionism

a. Collective behavior

According to structural strain theory, in the growth and spread of a generalized belief stage, _____.

a. opposing groups prevent, interrupt, or repress those advocating social change
b. people attribute the problem to a person or group
c. leaders emerge
d. community leaders ridicule or quash the emerging collective behavior
e. people see a situation as their own fault

b. people attribute the problem to a person or group

_____ is an intense, fearful, and anxious reaction to a real or imagined threat by large numbers of people.

a. Mass hysteria
b. Public opinion
c. Gossip
e. Relative deprivation
d. Propaganda

a. Mass hysteria

Which of the following statements is true of social movements?

a. They are initiated solely for the purpose of generating a social change.
b. They involve a lot of face-to-face interaction.
c. They have the same characteristics as the other forms of collective behavior.
d. They are goal-oriented and can have a lasting impact on society.
e. They are unstructured and spontaneous.

d. They are goal-oriented and can have a lasting impact on society.

Which of the following statements best defines a fad?

a. It is an act of spreading rumors, often negative, about other people's personal lives.
b. It is a collective flight, often irrational, from a real or perceived danger.
c. It is a trend that's popular for a short time.
d. It is an act of spreading information or misinformation to influence people's attitude or behavior.
e. It is an unexpected event that causes widespread damage, destruction, distress, and loss.

c. It is a trend that's popular for a short time.

Which of the following is NOT a stage of social movements?

a. Emergence
b. Organization
c. Commodification
d. Institutionalization
e. Decline

c. Commodification

_____ is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.

a. Organization
b. Technology
c. Social change
d. Collective behavior
e. Ethics

b. Technology

________ is developing theories and computer systems to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence.

a. Real intelligence
b. Artificial intelligence
c. Biological intelligence
d. Robotic intelligence
e. Ethical intelligence

b. Artificial intelligence

Which of the following statements is a concern about technology in society?

a. It is widely available.
b. Almost every technological advance reduces privacy and increases data breaches.
c. Technology increases privacy and safety.
d. It provides people with more information than ever before.
e. Social media profiles provide benefits for everyone in society.

b. Almost every technological advance reduces privacy and increases data breaches.

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between the views of functionalist and conflict theorist on credential ism?

Which of the following statements best describes the perspective of conflict theorists on work and the economy?

Which of the following is a major difference between the symbolic interactionist and functionalist?

How do conflict theorists view Credentialism?