Which of the following statements best describes a current trend regarding social media and how news is circulated quizlet?

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1. Social Science
2. Political Science
3. Politics of the United States

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Terms in this set (68)

The Espionage Act of 1917

Which of the following correctly identifies the law being questioned in the case of Schenck v. U.S.?
-The Alien Enemies Act of 1798
-The Espionage Act of 1917
-The Sedition Act of 1798
-The Patriot Act

In order to exercise prior restraint against the press, the Federal Government must provide sufficient evidence that a publication would cause a "grave and irreparable" danger to the nation.

Which of the following most clearly states the outcome in New York Times Company v. U.S. (1971)?
-Laws which impose permanent injunctions against newspapers printing "malicious, scandalous, and defamatory" content violate the First Amendment.
-In order to exercise prior restraint against the press, the Federal Government must provide sufficient evidence that a publication would cause a "grave and irreparable" danger to the nation.
-The Federal Government is given wider latitude in war time to prevent the press from publishing any material it deems sensitive.
-During wartime, all forms of free speech are protected by the First Amendment.

The Espionage Act

The basis of the Federal Government's lawsuit in New York Times Company v. U.S. (1971) involved which of the following?
-The National Security Act
-The Espionage Act
-Executive Order 9066
-The Sedition Act

To restrain the government by informing the public about its activities.

(includes Justice Black's concurring opinion, New York Times Company v. United States (1971))
Based on the excerpt, which of the following best describes how Justice Black sees the role of the press?
-To limit what they report to protect the inner workings of the government.
-To inform the people about government activities in order to generate increased support for its programs.
-To help the government maintain public confidence by limiting negative information they report about the government.
-To restrain the government by informing the public about its activities.

Commander-in-Chief

The main argument of the dissenting opinion in New York Times Company v. U.S. (1971) rested upon which of the following powers of the Executive Branch?
-Appointment
-Commander-in-Chief
-Executive Privilege.
-Veto.

The right to bear arms can be restricted in certain situations.

(includes opinion of the Court, District of Columbia v. Heller (2008))
Which of the following is most consistent with the Supreme Court's opinion in District of Columbia v. Heller?
-Gun control legislation violates the Second Amendment.
-Constitutional rights are dependent on current attitudes rather than historical intent.
-There is little evidence regarding the meaning of the right to bear arms at the time the Second Amendment was drafted.
-The right to bear arms can be restricted in certain situations.

The respondents could be constitutionally punished for their use of peyote in a religious ceremony.

Which of the following best describes the holding of the Supreme Court in Oregon v. Smith based on Scalia's majority opinion excerpted above?
-The use of peyote was not protected by the free exercise clause because it is not a religious practice.
-The rights of the respondents to use peyote in religious practices was entitled to constitutional protection.
-The respondents could be constitutionally punished for their use of peyote in a religious ceremony.
-It would be unconstitutional to allow the use of peyote in religious ceremonies.

As long as a law does not target a particular religion, the Constitution does not require that religious practices be exempt from its enforcement.

Based on the excerpt above, which of the following statements is most consistent with the holding in the Oregon v. Smith case?
-Religious practices are fundamental rights and are entitled to exemptions from laws that are otherwise unconstitutional.
-As long as a law does not target a particular religion, the Constitution does not require that religious practices be exempt from its enforcement.
-Religious practices that are not entitled to constitutional protection cannot be given legal protection by legislatures.
-The free exercise clause requires the courts to weigh the importance of laws to society against the importance of a practice to a particular religion.

It restricts the power of state legislatures to pass laws that interfere with individual rights.

Which of the following best describes an impact of the Supreme Court's use of the selective incorporation doctrine?
-It limits Congress' ability to pass legislation that may interfere with state power.
-It expands the power of the president to issue signing statements.
-It increases the power of the Supreme Court to determine which cases it will hear on appeal.
-It restricts the power of state legislatures to pass laws that interfere with individual rights.

Application of the New York Statute in this case was constitutional because the speech involved could cause violence.

As explained in the excerpt above, which of the following best describes the Supreme Court's holding in Gitlow v. New York?
-Application of the New York statute in this case was unconstitutional because it criminalized written speech.
-The New York statute was unconstitutional as applied in this case because it punished political speech.
-Application of the New York Statute in this case was constitutional because the speech involved could cause violence.
-The New York statute was constitutional as applied in this case because the speech at issue related to specific immediate acts.

A right that is worthy of protection from the national government is entitled to protection from state governments as well.

Which of the following is most consistent with the Supreme Court's reasoning in the above excerpt?
-The lack of federal protection for gun rights lead to the necessity for protection at the state level.
-A right that is worthy of protection from the national government is entitled to protection from state governments as well.
-A fundamental right that has protection from national government interference does not also need protection from state action.
-A right that is considered fundamental at the national level is not necessarily entitled to the same protections at the state level.

A plaintiff challenges a state law that imposes penalties for certain categories of speech.

In which of the following situations would the Supreme Court be most likely to apply the doctrine of selective incorporation?
-The Court is hearing a case that involves congressional legislation that potentially violates 4th Amendment freedoms.
-There is a challenge to an executive order issued by the president that may exceed his powers as commander in chief.
-A plaintiff challenges a state law that imposes penalties for certain categories of speech.
-The national government sues a state government claiming that the state's immigration law interferes with national government power.

The Federalist Society (it's a conservative group so remember: The National Trial Lawyers is a liberal group)

Which of the following groups would most likely disagree with the Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) decision?
-The American Civil Liberties Union
-The American Association for Justice
-The National Trial Lawyers
-The Federalist Society

Mapp v. Ohio

Which of the following Supreme Court decisions below most directly represents the protections listed in the excerpt above?
-Miranda v. Arizona
-Mapp v. Ohio
-Gideon v. Wainwright
-Escobedo v. Illinois

A teenager is pulled over for speeding and the officer detects a strong smell of marijuana emanating from the car and searches the car without a warrant.

Which of the following would represent a "reasonable search" that would not violate the rights protected by the 4th Amendment above?
-A suspect is arrested and voluntarily confesses to the crime after being read his Miranda rights by the police.
-A teenager is pulled over for speeding and the officer detects a strong smell of marijuana emanating from the car and searches the car without a warrant.
-... robbed a bank and is hiding in your house. As part of their search they look in your bread drawer and find a bag of cocaine and arrest you for possession of an illegal substance.
-The police set up a random roadblock for DUI checks, suspect you of driving under the influence, and make you do a field sobriety test to help you prove you are not inebriated.

The Exclusionary Rule

In the event a court rules that police have gathered evidence against you illegally based on the 4th Amendment protections listed above, that evidence can not be used to convict you. What is this principle known as?
-Due process
-The Warrantless Evidence Clause
-The Exclusionary Rule

The demand for well-trained public defenders has risen considerably.

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) impacted the American judicial system in which of the following ways?
-Defendants represented by court-appointed attorneys are less likely to plead guilty.
-The amount of money spent by the states on indigent defense has risen at a consistent pace.
-Defendants are no longer capable of acting as their own legal counsel in court proceedings.
-The demand for well-trained public defenders has risen considerably.

the Court ruled that Gideon was entitled to legal representation even though he could not afford it.

When the Supreme Court granted Clarence Earl Gideon's request for a Writ of Certiorari above, the eventual decision of the Court became a landmark case because
-the Court ruled that the right of Habeas Corpus was a fundamental protection guaranteed by the Bill of Rights.
-the Court ruled that Gideon's protection against self-incrimination had been violated by the State of Florida.
-the Court ruled that evidence used to convict Gideon was gathered illegally and could not be used against him in a court of law.
-the Court ruled that Gideon was entitled to legal representation even though he could not afford it.

A: 14th Amendment and 6th Amendment

Which is the best comparison below of constitutionally protected rights affirmed by the case of Gideon v. Wainwright?
-A: 14th Amendment and 6th Amendment
-B: 5th Amendment and 14th Amendment
-C: 4th Amendment and 6th Amendment
-D: 5th Amendment and 8th Amendment

The challenge could be made that it violates the 4th Amendment by not notifying the owner of the warrant and search.

The PATRIOT Act authorizes the use of sneak-and-peek warrants in which law enforcement personnel are able to search a property without the owner's knowledge in order to find illegal activity. This has led to some breaking and entering by law enforcement agents and a negative reaction by some wrongfully searched. Which of the following provides the best legal challenge to these types of searches?
-it could be challenged under the 5th Amendment's right to due process.
-It could be challenged under the 10th Amendment as searches of this type should be left to the state as they are left with the ability to enforce laws.
-The challenge could be made that it violates the 4th Amendment by not notifying the owner of the warrant and search.
-The challenge could be made under the 14th Amendment's right to equality under the law and that all searches must be...

The constitutional guarantee of legal counsel found in the Sixth Amendment should not be diminished by a defendant's income level.

The concurring opinion of Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) is most closely associated with which political belief?
-The constitutional guarantee of legal counsel found in the Sixth Amendment should not be diminished by a defendant's income level.
-The Sixth Amendment guarantees only that the government cannot prevent a defendant from having the assistance of counsel for his defense.
-Ineffective assistance of legal counsel in no way violates the Sixth Amendment.
-The Federal Government should have no jurisdiction over state court systems.

Can a state enact a law criminalizing a woman's effort to obtain an abortion?

Which of the following best summarizes the debate reflected in Roe v. Wade (1973)?
-Can a state enact a law criminalizing a woman's effort to obtain an abortion?
-Can a state enact a law mandating spousal awareness prior to a woman obtaining an abortion?
-Can a state enact a law requiring a minor to receive parental consent before seeking an abortion?
-Can a state enact a law banning a second trimester abortion procedure commonly known as partial birth abortion?

Constitutional Originalism

The dissenting opinion of Roe v. Wade (1973) is most closely associated with which judicial interpretation?
-Judicial Activism
-Loose Constructionism
-Judicial Review
-Constitutional Originalism

Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

Due to its focus on equal rights, opponents of the Roe v. Wade (1973) decision have likened to it which other Supreme Court decision?
-Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
-Schenck v. United States (1919)
-Gitlow v. New York (1925)
-Engel v. Vitale (1962)

Due Process

In the majority opinion above, which clause of the 14th Amendment was the basis for the Court's decision (regarding Roe v. Wade)?
-Due Process
-Equal Protection
-Privileges and Immunities
-Citizenship Clause

Power to regulate commerce.

Which of the following provides Congress with authority to enact the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
-Power to regulate commerce.
-Oversight power.
-Thirteenth Amendment.
-Power to tax.

Both resulted in unanimous decisions

The final opinions of the Supreme Court cases of McCulloch v. Maryland and Brown v. Board of Education share this commonality...
-Both upheld state laws
-Both resulted in unanimous decisions
-Both upheld the supremacy clause of the Constitution
-Both reference the necessary and proper clause to support the ruling

Mr. Oliver Brown and the NAACP sought relief from the Board of Education of Topeka, KS and all states requiring or permitting racial discrimination in public education.

Which of the following accurately summarizes the entities involved in Brown v. Board of Education Topeka II (1955)?
-Mr. Oliver Brown and the NAACP sought monetary compensation from the Board of Education of Topeka, KS.
-Mr. Oliver Brown and the NAACP sought relief from the Board of Education of Topeka, KS and all states requiring or permitting racial discrimination in public education.
-Mr. Oliver Brown and the NAACP pursued an injunction against the Attorney General of Kansas.
-Mr. Oliver Brown and the NAACP attempted to broaden the ruling of Brown I to include the desegregation of all public accommodations in Kansas

15th Amendment

Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 prohibits states from imposing voting qualifications that deny voting rights based on race. Which of the following constitutional provisions most directly supports the power of Congress to pass the law?
-Commerce Clause
-13th Amendment
-Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
-15th Amendment

All students in public grade and high schools in the United States.

(includes the opinion of the Court in Brown v. Board of Education (1954))
Which of the following best describes the students to whom the decision in Brown is applicable?
-Only the plaintiffs who brought the case.
-All students in the school attended by the plaintiffs in the case.
-All public school students in Topeka, Kansas.
-All students in public grade and high schools in the United States.

The right to direct representation.

(includes excerpt from the majority opinion of Reynolds v. Simms)
Which republican ideal does the situation in the excerpt above seem to negate?
-Due process of law.
-The right to direct representation.
-The full faith and credit clause found in Article IV of the Constitution.
-Reapportionment after every census.

The Court empowered the federal government to intervene in redistricting questions within a state.

Which of the following statements best summarizes how Baker v. Carr (1962) impacted the movement towards redistricting reform?
-The Court argued that the issue of redistricting did not come under the jurisdiction of the federal government.
-The Court ordered Congress to create a non-partisan federal bureau to oversee redistricting.
-The Court empowered the federal government to intervene in redistricting questions within a state.
-The Court ruled that state redistricting plans are subject to state court scrutiny alone.

Limited government

The concurring opinion in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) relied on which political themes present in the U.S. Constitution?
-Checks and balances
-Popular sovereignty
-Limited government
-Separation of powers

An individual's political views are influenced by his religious beliefs regarding social justice.

Which of the following scenarios best describes the process of political socialization?
-Spending during election cycles is increasingly provided by sources other than candidates' campaigns.
-An individual's political views are influenced by his religious beliefs regarding social justice.
-Political parties use social media in an attempt to increase voter turnout on election day.

The graph does not include the number of people in each of the generations represented in the graph.

Which of the following represents a limitation of the data in the graph?
-The data would be more useful displayed in a trend line rather than a bar graph.
-The graph does not include the number of people in each of the generations represented in the graph.
-Analysis of generational data is not relevant to political attitudes.
-The dates for which the data was measured occurred in different centuries.

The phrasing of poll questions can affect the results of the poll.

Which difficulty with obtaining accurate public opinion poll results is specifically demonstrated by the graph?
-Respondents are reluctant to give honest answers during a poll.
-The phrasing of poll questions can affect the results of the poll.
-It is difficult to obtain a representative sample of the population.
-Public opinion changes depending on when a poll is taken.

"It should be easier to bargain collectively. That's not only fair, it makes workers more productive, it strengthens our economy."

Which of the following historical political quotes would someone with a liberal ideology most likely favor?
-"Remember that a government big enough to give you everything you want is also big enough to take away everything you have."
-"[W]e [don't have] this trillion-dollar debt because government failed to tax enough. We have a trillion-dollar debt because government spent too much."
-"It should be easier to bargain collectively. That's not only fair, it makes workers more productive, it strengthens our economy."
-"[W]e don't want to turn the safety net into a hammock that lulls able-bodied people to lives of dependency and complacency."

Congress eliminates regulations that require businesses to meet air quality standards.

Which of the following is most likely to be supported by those who believe that supply-side economic policies are the best way to promote economic growth?
-Congress passes legislation increasing spending on infrastructure projects to combat unemployment.
-The Federal Reserve increases the interest rate it charges banks in order to combat inflation.
-The president imposes tariffs on imported automobiles to improve the balance of trade.
-Congress eliminates regulations that require businesses to meet air quality standards.

Tie the minimum wage to inflation

If a candidate campaigned to increase her constituents' equality of opportunity, she would most likely pledge to...
-Eliminate the estate tax
-Tie the minimum wage to inflation
-Cut the capital gains tax
-Support the implementation of a regressive income tax

It should not be the federal government's business if someone wants to use marijuana.

Which of the following represents a common libertarian viewpoint on recreational marijuana usage?
-Medical marijuana should be legalized by the federal government.
-It should not be the federal government's business if someone wants to use marijuana.
-The government should legalize recreational marijuana and tax it heavily to bring in greater revenue.
-The governor should continue to prohibit marijuana usage of any kind.

Parties mobilize voters to get to the polls on election day.

As political campaigns have become centered around the power and influence of the candidates themselves rather than the political parties, which of the following is an increasingly important role of parties in political campaigns?
-Parties determine the issues on which candidates will focus their campaigns.
-Parties mobilize voters to get to the polls on election day.
-Parties prevent controversial candidates from running.
-Parties choose the candidates who will run in the general election.

They connect the average citizen to all levels of government.

Which of the following statements most accurately describes why linkage institutions are necessary in the U.S. political system?
-They provide unbiased information to the population.
-They connect the average citizen to all levels of government.
-They lessen political differences within the country.
-They encourage voter interest through support of direct democracy.

Filing an amicus curiae brief.

Interest groups are often accused of encouraging judicial activism. Which of the following interest group activities is most closely linked to the promotion of judicial activism?
-Creating a PAC.
-Financing a television commercial.
-Filing an amicus curiae brief.
-Hosting a fundraiser for a candidate.

The disenfranchised citizens should file a lawsuit with the federal courts to re-establish their right to vote under the 26th Amendment.

The state of Arizona, seeking to have a more educated electorate, has decided to move the voting age from 18 to 24. Despite the outrage of citizens in this age group, the policy passes into law. Which of the following would be the most successful action taken by the outraged citizens to rectify the situation?
-The citizens should meet with their congressman and call for a national change to policy to protect their right to vote.
-The disenfranchised citizens should file a lawsuit with the federal courts to re-establish their right to vote under the 26th Amendment.
-With the availability of the initiative, the citizens should file a petition of the appropriate amount of signatures to change the policy in question.
-The citizens will be forced to leave their state in order to have the opportunity to vote.

15th Amendment

Following the Civil War, the United States Constitution was amended to guarantee the rights of freedmen. Which of the following specifically prevented discrimination in voting rights based on race?
-13th Amendment
-14th Amendment
-15th Amendment
-17th Amendment

Rational-Choice Voting

Sally, a college student, just registered to vote for the first time. Despite this being her first voting opportunity, she remembers from the news that one candidate recently spoke about making college tuition free for students like herself. This appeals to her and she chooses to vote for that candidate. Which model of voting behavior best explains Sally's vote?
-Rational-Choice Voting
-Retrospective Voting
-Prospective Voting
-Party-Line Voting

All Democratic Senators vote against confirming a judicial nominee.

Which of the following best represents an example of party-line voting?
-A voter chooses the candidate who promised to promote government policies that will help her small business.
-A voter chooses the candidate who helped to create and sign legislation that decreased his personal income tax.
-A lifelong Republican chooses to vote for all of the Republican candidates on the ballot.
-All Democratic Senators vote against confirming a judicial nominee.

24th Amendment

"The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax."
The quote above is from which of the following constitutional amendments?
-20th Amendment
-22nd Amendment
-24th Amendment
-26th Amendment

Prospective Voting

A congressman, up for re-election in the next week, announced his intention to introduce and push through a bill in Congress to legalize marijuana. His hope is that voters will cast their vote for him so that he will push for this upon re-election. Which model of voting behavior is the congressman counting on?
-Rational-Choice Voting
-Retrospective Voting
-Prospective Voting
-Party-Line Voting

Voters can no longer be required to pay in order to vote, allowing for poorer citizens to have the right to vote protected.

Which of the following best describes the impact of the 24th Amendment?
-Citizens living in Washington, D.C. were now given the ability to vote in the Presidential election and impact the electoral college.
-In the case of the President being unable to fulfill his duties, the Vice President will now take over the position.
-Voters can no longer be required to pay in order to vote, allowing for poorer citizens to have the right to vote protected.
-Eighteen-year-old citizens and older were now guaranteed the right to vote in federal elections.

26th Amendment

A highly circulated newspaper publishes a controversial article with a graph that shows that more than 60% of all casualties suffered by the United States in the Vietnam War were among men under the age of 22. The data in that graph likely led to increased support for which of the following constitutional amendments?
-23rd Amendment
-24th Amendment
-25th Amendment
-26th Amendment

Conservatives are more likely to vote than liberals and are also more partisan.

(includes a graph) Which of the following correctly describes information reflected in the chart?
-Liberals are less likely to vote than conservatives but are more partisan.
-Liberals are more likely to vote than conservatives and are also more partisan.
-Conservatives are more likely to vote than liberals and are also more partisan.
-Conservatives are less likely to vote than liberals but are also more partisan.

More partisan individuals are more likely to turnout to vote than those who are less partisan.

(includes a graph) Which of the following is an accurate conclusion based on info in the chart?
-Business conservatives are the group most likely to make up the largest number of voters.
-More partisan individuals are more likely to turnout to vote than those who are less partisan.
-Young Outsiders and Faith and Family Left are likely to have the same number of voters turnout.

The consequences of the Supreme Court's decision in Gideon v. Wainwright

Which of the following does not help to explain the realignment of voters' party support in the Deep South between 1964 and 1968?
-The consequences of the Supreme Court's decision in Gideon v. Wainwright
-The ratification of the 24th Amendment (1964)
-The passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
-The passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965

In a proportional system, all parties that meet a minimum threshold gain representation.

Which of the following describes how proportional systems of representation for a legislature are generally more beneficial to third parties than winner-take-all systems?
-In a proportional system, seats are reserved for all parties who have candidates running in the election.
-In a proportional system, any party who wins a majority in a district gains representation.
-In a proportional system, all parties that meet a minimum threshold gain representation.
-In a proportional system, parties are limited to a maximum percentage of seats in the legislature

The electoral college is a "winner take all" system where the majority of voters vote either Democrat or Republican.

(includes a chart) Which factor below most limits the potential success of third-party candidates in U.S. Presidential Elections?
-The electoral college is a "winner take all" system where the majority of voters vote either Democrat or Republican.
-Third-party candidates run on platforms that do not appeal to many Americans.
-Third-party candidates are not allowed to participate in national nominating conventions.
-There is no federal funding for third-party candidates in presidential elections.

Voting for a third party candidate does not impact the outcome of elections.

(includes a political cartoon) Which of the following best describes the political cartoon's message about third parties?
-Third parties offer voters effective alternatives to voting for major party candidates.
-Voting for a third-party candidate does not impact the outcome of elections.
-The impact of votes for third-party candidates depends on how well-known major party candidates are.
-Third parties are more successful in elections when the major party candidates are unpopular.

Creating a proportional system of representation.

(includes a political cartoon)The issue faced by third parties that is highlighted in the cartoon would be most affected by which of the following changes to the American political system?
-Creating a proportional system of representation.
-Making the voter registration process easier.
-Increasing the hours that the polls are open.
-Allowing split-ticket voting.

Some policy positions of third parties become incorporated into te platforms of major parties as elections get closer.

(includes a graph) Which of the following represents a likely explanation for the data in the graph?
-The number of votes received by third party candidates tend to be overestimated.
-Because poll respondents are reluctant to express support for third party candidates, their polling data tends to underestimate voter support.
-Some policy positions of third parties become incorporated into the platforms of major parties as elections get closer.
-Major party candidates decrease campaigning in the weeks immediately preceding the presidential election.

Employees choose not to join a labor union because they can benefit from collective bargaining without paying dues.

Which of the following best represents the free rider problem?
-A Senator votes in favor of healthcare reform even though most of her constituents oppose it.
-The National Right to Life Committee submits a brief in a case involving abortion rights even though it is not a party to the case.
-Legislation is passed that only benefits the constituents of an individual member of the House of Representatives.
-Employees choose not to join a labor union because they can benefit from collective bargaining without paying dues.

Collaborating with congressional committees and bureaucratic agencies allows interest groups to work across political parties.

Which of the following describes a specific advantage for interest groups of working within iron triangles?
-Collaborating with congressional committees and bureaucratic agencies allows interest groups to work across political parties.
-Collaborating with both Congress and the courts allows interest groups to work across branches.
-Collaborating with both national and state governments allows interest groups to promote federalism.
-Collaborating with the media and other interest groups gives the groups greater public attention to their issues.

Interest groups educate the public about political policy by providing expert information.

Which of the following best describes a way that interest groups serve as linkage institutions in the political process?
-Interest groups lobby federal judges to make decisions consistent with their policy objectives.
-Interest groups run candidates for office in order to gain political power.
-Interest groups modify their policy preferences in order to attract voters.
-Interest groups educate the public about political policy by providing expert information.

The interest group representative has info related to legislation that is being debated by a congressional committee.

In which of the following situations is the interest group representative most likely to be given access to the government official(s)?
-The interest group representative has info related to legislation that is being debated by a congressional committee.
-The interest group representative is advocating for a progressive interest group and is seeking a meeting with a Republican senator.
-The interest group representative is attempting to meet with a federal court judge to lobby for a particular outcome in a pending case.
-The interest group representative is requesting to meet with the chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee on behalf of a relatively small interest group.

In a lawsuit against using cellphones to track people suspected of criminal activity, the ACLU published an amicus curiae brief supporting the lawsuit.

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies individuals utilizing interest groups to influence public policy?
-Meeting in the Congressional Hispanic Caucus, a decision was made to support the appropriations bill on the floor of the House of Representatives.
-Seeking to help liberal candidates get elected, a PAC forms with the intention to give money to candidates of a more liberal ideology.
-In a lawsuit against using cellphones to track people suspected of criminal activity, the ACLU published an amicus curiae brief supporting the lawsuit.
-Citizens, frustrated with the potholes in the main road of the city, wrote letters to the editor of the local newspaper to push for funding of roadwork.

Form a PAC that donates campaign funds to help elect particular Senate candidates.

In which of the following ways can interest groups most effectively exercise influence over the federal courts?
-Hold protests near the White House to encourage the president to replace unpopular federal judges.
-Form a PAC that donates campaign funds to help elect particular Senate candidates.
-Donate money directly to the campaigns of federal judges.
-Hire professional lobbyists to discuss data related to cases with the judges currently hearing the cases.

People referred to as free riders can benefit from environmental policies without incurring any cost.

The Sierra Club is an environmental interest group that has advocated for protection of natural resources for over 100 years. Environmental groups that advocate for policies that can potentially benefit very large groups of people often face which of the following specific challenges?
-The government rarely enacts new environmental policies.
-People referred to as free riders can benefit from environmental policies without incurring any cost.
-Environmental interest groups cannot charge membership fees for their organizations.
-The public does not generally have strong opinions about issues related to the environment.

Voters can pass or reject referenda.

Which of the following is true about an election's ability to shape public policy?
-Voters can pass or reject referenda.
-Elections in America always directly select federal leaders.
-Elections force elected officials to pass laws.
-They clearly outline the direction of public policy.

trade association

The Chamber of Commerce is an interest group that represents a collection of business and corporations. Among other things, the Chamber of Commerce works at lobbying Congress and local community governments to pass legislation that is friendly to businesses. This is an example of a...
-mass association
-grassroots organization
-latent group.
-trade association

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