Which of the following apply to the lateral position of the sternum
1. perform in the preferred erect position
2. perform exposure on full inspiration
3. best image obtained at 60-72 SID
4. center at level of T7
-1, 2 and 4 only
-1, 3 and 4 only
-1, 2, and 3 only
-2, 3, and 4 only
-1, 2, 3, and 4
The respiratory passageways include the nose, pharynx, larynx (upper respiratory structures), trachea, bronchi, and lungs (lower structures). If obstruction of the breathing passageways occurs in the upper respiratory tract, above the larynx (i.e., in the nose or pharynx), tracheotomy may be performed to restore breathing. Intubation can be done into the lower structures, larynx, and trachea, moving aside any soft obstruction and restoring the breathing passageway.
The four types of body habitus describe differences in visceral shape, position, tone, and motility. One body type is hypersthenic, characterized by the very large individual with short, wide heart and lungs, high transverse stomach and gallbladder, and peripheral colon. The sthenic individual is the average, athletic, most predominant type. The hyposthenic patient is somewhat thinner and a little frailer, with organs positioned somewhat lower. The asthenic type is smaller in the extreme, with a long thorax, a very long, almost pelvic stomach, and a low medial gallbladder. The colon is medial and redundant. Hypersthenic patients usually demonstrate the greatest motility.
Deoxygenated (venous) blood from the upper body (i.e., head, neck, thorax, and upper extremities) empties into the superior vena cava. Deoxygenated (venous) blood from the lower body (i.e., abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities) empties into the inferior vena cava. The superior and inferior venae cavae empty into the right atrium. The coronary sinus, which returns venous blood from the heart, also empties into the right atrium. Deoxygenated blood passes from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. From the right ventricle, blood is pumped (during ventricular systole) through the pulmonary semilunar valve into the pulmonary artery—the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood. From the pulmonary artery, blood travels to the lungs, picks up oxygen, and is carried by the four pulmonary veins (the only veins carrying oxygenated blood) to the left atrium. The oxygenated blood passes through the mitral (or bicuspid) valve during atrial systole and into the left ventricle. During ventricular systole, oxygenated blood from the left ventricle passes through the aortic semilunar valve into the aorta and into the systemic circulation.
The expectoration of blood from the larynx, trachea, bronchi, or lungs is termed hemoptysis. Hemoptysis can occur in several diseases, including pneumonia, bronchitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, and others. Hematemesis is vomiting of blood—this can occur with gastric ulcers, gastritis, esophageal varices, and other conditions.
Sets with similar terms