Which of the following is true about how waist to hip ratio affects Judgements of attractiveness?

REFERENCES

  • Anderson, J. L., Crawford, C. B., Nadeau, J., & Lindberg, T. (1992). Was the Duchess of Windsor right? A cross-cultural review of the socioecology of ideals of female body shape. Ethology and Sociobiology, 13, 197–227.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, P. J., & Konner, M. (1987). An anthropological perspective of obesity. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 499, 29–46.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buss, D. M. (1994). The evolution of desire: Strategies of human mating. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buss, D. M. (1995). Evolutionary psychology: A new paradigm for psychological science. Psychological Inquiry, 6, 1–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buss, D. M., & Schmitt, D. M. (1993). Sexual strategies theory: An evolutionary perspective on human mating. Psychological Review, 100, 204–232.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bjorntorp, P. (1987). Fat cell distribution and metabolism. In R. J. Wurtman & J. J. Wurtman (Eds.), Human obesity. New York Academy of Sciences.

  • Cant, J. G. H. (1981). Hypothesis for the evolution of human breasts and buttocks. American Naturalist, 117, 199–204.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham, M. R., Roberts, A. R., Wu, C. H., Barbee, A. P., & Druen, P. B. (1995). “Their ideas of beauty are, on the whole, the same as ours.” Consistency and variability in the cross-cultural perception of female physical attractiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 261–279.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeRidder, C. M., Bruning, P. F., Zonderland, M. L., Thijssen, J. H. H., Bonfrer, J. M. G., Blankenstein, M. A., Huisveld, L. A., & Erich, W. B. M. (1990). Body fat mass distribution, and plasma hormones in early puberty in females. Journal of clinical Endocrinological and Metabolism, 70, 888–893.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dermer, M., & Thiel, D. I. (1975). When beauty may fail. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 1168–1176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fallon, A. E., & Rozin, P. (1985). Sex differences in perceptions of desirable body shape. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 94, 102–105.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, H. E. (1992). Anatomy of love. New York: Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Folsom, A. R., Kaye, S. A., Sellers, T. A., Hong, C., Cerhan, J. R., Potter, J. D., & Prineas, R. J. (1993). Body fat distribution and 5-year risk of death in older women. Journal of the American Medical Association, 269, 483–487.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frisch, R. E. (1990). Body fat, menarche, fitness and fertility. In R. E. Frisch (Ed.), Adipose tissue and reproduction. Basil: Harger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frisch, R. E., & McArthur, J. W. (1974). Menstrual cycles: fatness as a determinant of minimum weight for height necessary for their maintenance. Science, 185, 548–556.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furnham, A., & Alibhai, N. (1983). Cross-cultural differences in the perception of female body shapes. Psychological Medicine, 13, 829–837.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Furnham, A., & Greaves, N. (1994). Gender and locus of control correlates of body image dissatisfaction. European Journal of Personality, 8, 183–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furnham, A., Hester, C., & Weir, C. (1990). Sex difference in preference for specific female body shapes. Sex Roles, 22, 743–754.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furnham, A., Tan, T., & McManus, C. (1997). Waist-to-hip ratio and preferences for body shape: A replication and extension. Personality and Individual Differences, 22, 539–549.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garner, D., Garfinkel, P., Stancer, H., & Moldofsky, H. (1976). Body image disturbances in anorexia nervosa and obesity. Psychological Medicine, 38, 327–336.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gitter, A., Lomranz, J., Saxe, L., & Bar-Tal, D. (1983). Perception of female physique characteristics by American and Israeli students. Journal of Social Psychology, 121, 7–13.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, M., & Smith, S. (1982). Beliefs about obesity. Effects of age, ethnicity, sex and weight. Psychological Representations, 51, 1047–1055.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henss, R. (1992). “Spieglein, speiglein an der Wand...” Geschlecht, Alter und physische Attrakitivat. (“Mirror, mirror on the wall...” Sex, age and physical attractiveness). Weinheim, Germany: Psychologie Verlags Union.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henss, R. (1995). Waist-to-hip ratio and attractiveness. Replication and extension. Personality and Individual Differences, 19, 479–488.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kleinke, C., & Staneski, R. (1980). First impressions of female bust size. Journal of Social Psychology, 110, 123–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kenrick, D. T. (1989). Bridging social psychology and sociobiology: The case of sexual attraction. In R. W. Bell & N. J. Bell (Eds.), Sociobiology and social sciences. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirchengast, S. (1993a). Body shape and sex hormone levels in fertile and post-menopausal women from Austria. Homo, 44, 145–167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirchengast, S. (1993b). Anthropometric-hormonal correlation patterns in fertile and post-menopausal Austria. Annals of Human Biology, 20, 47–65.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lerner, R., & Gellent, E. (1969). Body build identification, preference, and aversion in children. Developmental Psychology, 1, 456–462.

    Google Scholar 

  • Low, B. S. (1979). Sexual selection and human ornamentation. In N. A. Chagnon & W. Irons (Eds.), Evolutionary biology and human social behaviour, North Scituate, MA: Duxbury.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mintz, L. B., & Betz, N. E. (1986). Sex differences in nature, realism and correlates of body image. Sex Roles, 15, 185–195.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris, A., Cooper, T., & Cooper, P. J. (1989). The changing shape of the female fashion model. International Journal of Eating disorders, 8, 593–596.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris, D. (1967). The naked ape. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Academy of Sciences. (1991). Diet and health. Washington DC: National Academy of Sciences Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schultz, A. H. (1969). The life of primates. New York: University Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seidell, J. C. (1992). Regional obesity and health. International Journal of Obesity, 16(Supplement 2), 531–534.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, D. (1993a). Adaptive significance of female physical attractiveness: Role of the waist-to-hip ratio. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 293–307.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, D. (1993b). Body shape and women's attractiveness. The critical role of waist-to-hip ratio. Human Nature, 4, 297–321.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, D. (1994). Is thin really beautiful and good? Relationship between waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and female attractiveness. Personality and Individual Differences, 16, 123–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, D., & Luis, S. (1995). Ethnic and gender consensus for the effect of waist-to-hip ratio on judgments of women's attractiveness. Human Nature, 6, 51–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, D., & Young, R. K. (1995). Body weight, waist-to-hip ratio, breasts, and hips: Role in judgments of female attractiveness and desirability for relationships. Ethology and Sociobiology, 16, 483–507.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stunkard, A. (1977). Obesity and the social environment: current status, future prospects. Proceedings of the New York Academy of Science, 300, 298–320.

    Google Scholar 

  • Symons, D. (1979). The evolution of human sexuality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tucker, L. (1985). Dimensionality and factor satisfaction of the body image construct: A gender comparison. Sex Roles, 12, 931–937.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vague, J. (1956). The degree of masculine differentiation of obesities: A factor-determining predisposition to diabetes, atherosclerosis, gout and uric calculus disease. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 4, 20–34.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, A. R. (1889). Darwinism (2nd ed.). London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Worsley, A. (1981a). Teenagers perceptions of fat and slim people. International Journal of Obesity, 5, 15–24.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Worsley, A. (1981b). In the eye of the beholder: Social and personal character, teenagers and their impressions of themselves and fat and slim people. Medical Psychology, 54, 231–242.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaastra, B. M., Seidell, J. C., Van Noord, P. A. H., te Velde, E. R., Habbten, F., Vrieswijk, B., & Karbaat, J. (1993). fat and female fecundity: Prospective of effect of body fat distribution on conception rates. British Medical Journal, 306, 484–487.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zebrowitz, L. A., Montepare, J. M., & Lee, H. K. (1993). They don't look. Individuated impressions of other racial groups. Journal of Personal and social Psychology, 65, 85–101.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Which of the following is the most accurate summary of reinforcement theory quizlet?

Which of the following is the most accurate summary of reinforcement theory? We are more likely to engage in behaviors that have been rewarded in the past than in other behaviors.

When considering the matching hypothesis people tend to form relationships with others who are similar to them in terms of?

According to the matching hypothesis, we date others who are similar to us in terms of how attractive they are (Feingold, 1988; Huston, 1973; Bersheid et al., 1971; Walster, 1970).

What is the most likely reason that a child might be rejected by his or her peers?

The first possibility is that early antisocial behavior could lead both to social rejection and to later antisocial behavior. A large body of literature supports the conclusion that antisocial behavior precedes peer rejection and is a primary reason that peers cite for their rejection of a child (Coie, in press).

What does the matching hypothesis describe?

The matching hypothesis in social psychology claims that people are more likely to form a committed relationship with someone equally attractive.