Which of the following is not one of the main ways to reduce cognitive dissonance?

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• Theories of motivation
• Drive Reduction Theories
• Self-perception theory

The further the progress up the hierarchy, the more individuality, humanness and psychological health a person will show. However, when comparing this to a real life situation such as preparing food, one does get hungrier as the food is being made , and after the food has been consumed the drive decreases. The only reason the food does not get eaten before is the human element of restraint and has nothing to do with drive theory. Also, the food will either be nicer after it is cooked, or it wont be edible at all before it is cooked. Because motivation is a core concern of psychology most of the main theoretical approaches to the subject have developed their own theories of motivation. Despite so much credible research, approval from several governments, and the World Health Organization’s blessing, why are people still hesitant about COVID-19 vaccines? This article may offer some insights about how reactance manifests itself, even if it may be harmful to individuals and society at large.

When the foretold flood did not occur, the group became convinced that their great faith and goodness had moved God to intervene and prevent the disaster. This new belief was added to rationalize the glaring inconsistency they faced, and to resolve the resulting dissonance.

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Cognitive dissonance relies on the fact that we as people like our cognitions to always fit together and when they don’t, we try as hard as we can to reduce that discomfort through justification. This situation was an actual experiment conducted by Leon Festinger. His prediction actually lined up with the results, that the members of the group would not admit defeat, but rather bolster their attempts to gain new members.

• This paper presents research on the topic of cognitive dissonance and dissonance reduction using available and recent literature on this subject.
• Thus, they had an opportunity to reduce cognitive dissonance by reporting their new preference.
• This created the idea of pragmatism, where it is believed that reality must be experienced and that we must interact with our environment so we can continue to be able to adapt and learn.
• Your initial attitude led to you acting in a way that then caused cognitive dissonance.
• This is exciting, because it means we’re always learning, but it can lead to cognitive dissonance.

I know that personally I have seen someone and thought, “How can they not be happy, they have everything.” Or I see a someone and think, “Why are they so shy? ” Because of the way I view the world, sometimes I make assumptions about how others interact with the world. By understanding personality differences, different teaching styles, and even human psychology, we can start to see people as individuals and make less generalizations. Knowing that not all students are visual learners can help us diversify our teaching styles and become more well-rounded educators. To assume that a student is non-motivated or not able to keep up, may have more to do with a cognitive distortion than an inability to learn. Ways to reduce cognitive dissonance include denial, reducing the appearance of choice, trivializing the behavior, or change of attitude.

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According to cognitive dissonance, people will avoid anything that increases dissonance for them. People are most comfortable at a stable state and anything that disrupts this causes a great deal of stress, so avoidance or changes are made to get back to consonance.

Is cognitive dissonance a bad thing?

Although people may think cognitive dissonance is a bad thing, it actually helps to keep us mentally healthy and happy. It may make us feel satisfied with our choices—or at least lets us justify them—especially when they cannot be easily reversed.

Medical Reviewers confirm the content is thorough and accurate, reflecting the latest evidence-based research. Content is reviewed before publication and upon substantial updates. Pessimism and self-criticism are ________ factors in depression. Unhealthy anxiety reflects cognitive dissonance theory a loss of meaning in one’s life, according to the ______ perspective. Any use of classical or operant conditioning to directly alter human behavior is called a. Using each of the following perspectives, explain why a person would develop a generalized anxiety disorder.

Theories of motivation

Self-reinforcement self-efficacy self-actualization psychological situation. Notice that dissonance theory does not state that these modes of dissonance reduction will actually work, only that individuals who are in a state of cognitive dissonance will take steps to reduce the extent of their dissonance. Maslow has proposed that human motivation can be understood as resulting from a hierarchy of needs. These needs, starting with the most basic physiological demands, progress upward through safety needs, belonging needs, and esteem needs and culminate in self-actualization. Each level directs behaviour toward the need level that is not being adequately met. As lower-level needs are met, the motivation to meet the higher-level needs becomes active.

In this article, the authors set out to investigate how several students adjust their behaviors when they realize that their counterparts do not agree with them (Vaidis & Oberle, 2014). After receiving two 1-hour sessions of therapy, each participant’s level of fear was assessed. Those who were assigned to their preferred therapy showed substantial improvement with their snake fear compared to those who were randomly assigned or assigned to their least preferred one. However, despite these results replicated in other studies, they should be taken with a grain of salt due to lack of proper baseline measures present in most studies. Cognitive dissonance can affect our cognitive biases, and vice versa.

Drive Reduction Theories

In the study of the organizational behavior and change, the impact of groups, individuals, and structures have a high impact on the organization. People should consider various factors as they interact within an organization. Organizational studies, like most of the modern sciences major on controlling, predicting and explaining the performance of workers and the organization in general.

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• According to Skinner, in the idea of radical behaviorism, if individuals’ actions are perceived to be positive, they will act in a particular manner and if negatively perceived they will act in another manner.
• This is why people rebel without any particular cause – they want to restore their threatened freedom and regain control.
• According to cognitive dissonance, people will avoid anything that increases dissonance for them.
• The soft sell plans have rational appeals, psychological, opinions, and admiration whereas the hard sell strategies have pressure, outnumbering and rank.
• This paper discusses the aspects of the cognitive dissonance theory.

As the teenager feels as if their freedom of choice is being threatened, they may read the book. The mother’s intended purpose would be achieved, while the teenager would believe that it was their own choice to read the book. This causeless rebellion against advice or instruction can be explained by reactance theory. This is why people rebel without any particular cause – they want to restore their threatened freedom and regain control.

In the variable group, classical music played in the background while the children played alone. In the second group, the children did not later devalue the forbidden toy. The researchers, Nobuo Masataka and Leonid Perlovsky, concluded that music might inhibit cognitions that induce cognitive dissonance.

• In the Cognitive Consequences of Forced Compliance , the investigators Leon Festinger and Merrill Carlsmith asked students to spend an hour doing tedious tasks; e.g. turning pegs a quarter-turn, at fixed intervals.
• He isolates growth from Maslow’s self-actualization because he considers it to be an intrinsic motivator for personal development .
• Managers should use both the soft and hard sell strategies of motivation.
• They might tell themselves that they smoke to calm themselves down or they smoke because their partner does in order to not experience cognitive dissonance.
• According to his theory, dissonance arose because lying to someone for no good reason ($1 did not seem like adequate justification) goes against the very image that most people have of themselves—that they are good and honest human beings.

Blog The latest insights and ideas for building a high-performing workplace. Research Innovative research featured in peer-reviewed journals, https://ecosoberhouse.com/ press, and more. An important point to note is that none of the above strategies is guaranteed to reduce or eliminate dissonance.

29. November 2019

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