Upgrade to remove ads Show Only ₩37,125/year
Terms in this set (113)caucus (political) a normally closed meeting of a political or legislative group to select candidates, plan strategy, or make decisions regarding legislative matters divided government the condition in American government wherein the presidency is controlled by one party while the opposing party controls one or both houses of Congress electoral realignment the point in history when a new party supplants the ruling party, becoming in turn the dominant political force. In the United States, this has tended to occur roughly every thirty years 527 committees nonprofit independent groups that receive and disburse funds to influence the nomination, election, or defeat of candidates. Named after Section 527 of the Internal Revenue Code, which defines and grants tax-exempt status to nonprofit advocacy groups gender gap a distinctive pattern of voting behavior reflecting the differences in views between women and men
machines strong party organizations in late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century American cities. These machines were led by "bosses" who controlled party nominations and patronage majority party the party that holds the majority of legislative seats in either the House or the Senate minority party the party that holds a minority of legislative seats in either the House or the Senate multiple-member district an electorate that selects all candidates at large from the whole district; each voter is given the number of votes equivalent to the number of seats to be filled nomination the process by which political parties select their candidates for election to public office party activists partisans who contribute time, energy, and effort to support their party and its candidates party identification an individual voter's psychological ties to one party or another party organization the formal structure of a political party, including its leadership, election committees, active members, and paid staff patronage the resources available to higher officials, usually opportunities to make partisan appointments to offices and to confer grants, licenses, or special favors to supporters platform a party document, written at a national convention, that contains party philosophy, principles, and positions on issues plurality system a type of electoral system in which, to win a seat in the parliament or other representative body, a candidate need only receive the most votes in the election, not necessarily a majority of votes cast policy entrepreneur an individual who identifies a problem as a political issue and brings a policy proposal into the political agenda political parties organized groups that attempt to influence the government by electing their members to important government offices proportional representation multiple-member district system that allows each political party representation in proportion to its percentage of the total vote single- member district an electorate that is allowed to select only one representative from each district; the normal method of representation in the United States soft money money contributed directly to political parties for political activities that is not regulated by federal campaign spending laws third parties parties that organize to compete against the two major American political parties two-party system a political system in which only two parties have a realistic opportunity to compete effectively for control A proportional-representation electoral system is: a multiple-member district system that gives each political party representation in proportion to its percentage of the total vote. Partisan ties in the United States have __________ in recent years. declined One important cause of the United States' two-party system is: single-member electoral districts. Which of the following is a task of the Democratic and Republican National Committees? Raising campaign funds Who was the founder of the Democratic Party? Andrew Jackson The Speaker of the House is actually selected by: the party that holds the majority of seats in the House. In general, which party tends to favor lower taxes and few social programs? Republican Which of the following reasons best explains the short lives of third parties? Their causes are usually eliminated by the ability of the major parties to absorb their programs and to draw their supporters into the mainstream. The ___________ is a party document, written at a national convention, that contains party philosophy, principles, and positions on issues. party platform What method of policy making has become popular as a means of direct democracy? Referendum Upper-class Americans are considerably more likely to affiliate with the ____________ Party; conservatives are more likely to identify with the ____________ Party; and citizens living in the northeast region are more likely to identify with the ____________ Party. Republican, Republican, Democratic Which of the following would be an example of political patronage? 1. A party activist is given a federal job. From the Civil War to the 1960s, the _________was a Democratic stronghold. South Until recent years at least, ____________ have been the principal agents responsible for giving citizens the motivation and incentive to vote. the major parties Since the creation of our current "two-party" system, when was the last time a "third-party" candidate won the presidency of the United States? A third parties has never won the presidency since the inception of our current system. Which famous American, in his farewell address, encouraged his fellow citizens to avoid partisan politics? George Washington Since the 1930s and the New Deal, African Americans have been overwhelmingly ____________ in their party identification; women are somewhat more likely to support ____________ candidates; and Jews are among the ____________ Party's most loyal constituent groups. Democratic, Democratic, Democratic After thirty-six years of dominating U.S. political life, the Republican Party lost power after _________ began. The Great Depression Which of the following is not usually considered a function of political parties? Lobbying Compared with political parties in Europe, parties in the United States have always seemed: Weak Which of the following differentiates an interest group from a political party? An interest group seeks to influence government on a narrow range of issues, whereas a party attempts to win elections. Historically, the United States has always been a ____________-party system. two The authors of the textbook argue that one of the major factors responsible for the relatively low rates of voter turnout that characterize U.S. national elections is: the decline of political parties.
527 committees are: nonprofit independent groups that receive and disburse funds to influence elections. What was George Washington's relationship with political parties in early America? He thought political parties were a terrible idea. The process by which a party selects a single candidate to run for an elective office is defined as a: nomination Which party has controlled the White House for most of the last thirty years? Republican The original party system in the United States pitted the Federalists, supported by ______ against the Jeffersonian Republicans, supported by _______. merchants; agrarian interests In general, Democrats support social programs and regulation of businesses. In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many cities and counties and even a few states have had such well-organized parties that they were called _________ and their leaders were called_________ machines; bosses The Republican Party was formed as a coalition of antislavery forces A psychological tie to a political party is the definition of: party identification Which person came up with the "southern strategy" to get white southerners to start voting Republican? Richard Nixon The first "party system" in the United Stated consisted of: Federalists and Jeffersonian Republicans African Americans: overwhelmingly vote Democratic According to the authors, which of the following depend on the existence of strong, competitive political parties? 1. Liberty collective goods benefits, sought by groups, that are broadly available and cannot be denied to nonmembers free riders those who enjoy the benefits of collective goods but did not participate in acquiring them grassroots mobilization a lobbying campaign in which a group mobilizes its membership to contact government officials in support of the group's position informational benefits special newsletters, periodicals, training programs, conferences, and other information provided to members of groups to entice others to join institutional advertising advertising designed to create a positive image of an organization interest group individuals who organize to influence the government's programs and policies iron triangle the stable, cooperative relationship that often develops among a congressional committee, an administrative agency, and one or more supportive interest groups. Not all of these relationships are triangular, but the iron triangle is the most typical issue network a loose network of elected leaders, public officials, activists, and interest groups drawn together by a specific policy issue lobbying a strategy by which organized interests seek to influence the passage of legislation by exerting direct pressure on members of the legislature material benefits special goods, services, or money provided to members of groups to entice others to join membership association an organized group in which members actually play a substantial role, sitting on committees and engaging in group projects New Political movement a political movement that began in the 1960s and 1970s, made up of professionals and intellectuals for whom the civil rights and antiwar movements were formative experiences. The New Politics movement strengthened public interest groups pluralism the theory that all interests are and should be free to compete for influence in the government. The outcome of this competition is compromise and moderation political action committee (PAC) a private group that raises and distributes funds for use in election campaigns public interest groups a private group that raises and distributes funds for use in election campaigns purposive benefits selective benefits of group membership that emphasize the purpose and accomplishments of the group solidary benefits selective benefits of group membership that emphasize friendship, networking, and consciousness raising staff organization a type of membership group in which a professional staff conducts most of the group's activities Which of the following are the requisite parts of a so-called iron triangle? An executive agency, a congressional committee or subcommittee, and an interest group The theory that competition among organized interests will produce a balance with all the interests regulating one another is: pluralism According to James Madison, a good constitution: encourages multitudes of interests so that no single interest can ever tyrannize the others. Over the past twenty-five years, the number of interest groups in the United States has: increased enormously Often contrasted with iron triangles, ___________ are the connections between elected leaders, public officials, activists, and interest groups drawn together by a particular policy issue. issue networks What is a free rider? A person who enjoys the benefits of an action or a service without any effort on her or his part Interest groups were heavily involved in the recent Michigan Affirmative Action cases. Some groups sponsored the lawsuit; other filed amicus curiae briefs for both sides. All of these groups would be using which interest group tactic? Litigation Interest groups offer numerous incentives for members to join. Insurance and discount cards would be examples of material benefits Lobbyists are often likely to be: 1. former government employees When an agency falls under the influence of an interest group, it is said to be: captured In this type of interest group, the organization employs professionals who conduct most of the group's activities, while members are called on largely to pay dues and make other contributions. Staff organization In 2004, the gambling industry in Missouri wanted to change the Missouri Constitution to expand gambling. It organized a campaign through voter signatures and put its proposal directly on the ballot for a vote of the people. This is called a(n) initiative The idea that competition among interest groups will balance each other is called pluralism New Politics groups use ______ to efficiently identify and mobilize their adherents. electronic communication Problems with the pluralist explanation of democracy are: 1. the uneven distribution of group resources. General Motors is an example of a ____________ interest group, the AFL-CIO is an example of a ____________ interest group, and the American Bar Association is an example of a ____________ interest group. business; labor; professional association According to the authors of the textbook, forming PACs and contributing to the campaign coffers of candidates is basically a strategy of buying access What is the difference between an interest group and a political party? Interest groups try to influence the elected, while parties try to win elections. In terms of the public policy process, what is the significance of the concept iron triangle? 1.Policy is disproportionately made at the subsystem level. Common Cause is an example of a(n) ____________ interest group, the National Taxpayers Union is an example of a(n) ____________ interest group, and the Brookings Institution is an example of a(n) ____________ interest group. public interest; ideological; public sector According to the authors, the explosion of interest group activity in the United States has been the result of the expansion of the role of government. Which interest group's support of the health care reform was influential for many members of Congress? AARP Unlike Madison, the authors of the textbook argue that "in the realm of group politics, liberty seems inconsistent with equality." _____________ wrote that "liberty is to faction as air is to fire" and that interests should be permitted to regulate themselves by competing with one another. James Madison I run a Washington-based consulting firm. An interest group hires my firm to persuade Congress not to pass a particular bill. I use mailing lists to send members of Congress thousands of letters showing "an outpouring of opposition to the bill." In many cases the individuals whose names were on the letters had no strong feelings or even no opinion about the bill. This process is called: Astroturf lobbying. Which of the following is true about the so-called New Politics movement? The movement is made up of upper-middle-class professionals and intellectuals for whom the civil rights and antiwar movements were formative experiences. Which powerful interest group represents the interests of older Americans? AARP Communicating with lawmakers and members of the government by an individual or a group to influence the passage of legislation is the definition of lobbying
Which of the following is not a typical tactic of interest groups? 1. Lobbying Benefits that are broadly available and cannot be reasonably denied to others are the definition of: collective goods The term amicus curiae means: a friend of the court According to the authors, in general, to obtain adequate political representation, forces from the bottom rungs of the socioeconomic ladder must be organized on the massive scale associated with: political parties In grassroots lobbying, interest groups: attempt to involve the general citizen and voter. Which person is most likely to join an interest group? Single mother According to the authors of the textbook, by far the most common electoral strategy employed by interest groups is: giving money to political parties or to particular candidates. According to the textbook, what tactic did Microsoft and Wal-Mart use to get favorable treatment from the government? Lobbying Recommended textbook solutions American Government1st EditionGlen Krutz 412 solutions TEKS United States Government1st EditionDonald A. Ritchie, Richard C. Remy 1,148 solutions United States Government: Principles in Practice (Florida)1st EditionLuis Ricardo Fraga 825 solutions Civics1st EditionHOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURT 1,078 solutions Sets with similar termsPoliSci Chapters 12, 13, 1475 terms mary_duplant Ch 7 Intrest Groups and Political Parties60 terms abztrakd Ch 7 Intrest Groups and Political Parties60 terms kiak17 Pol_S Test 338 terms Arinelizabeth2 Sets found in the same folderGovernment 2305 Ch. 1137 terms lweathersbee12 Government 2305 (Ron Quiram) Final69 terms brihillman9 Other sets by this creatorMGMT 30937 terms brihillman9 COMM 33537 terms brihillman9 COMM 32522 terms brihillman9 COMM 33520 terms brihillman9 Other Quizlet sets10th Grade AP Lang Diaz: The Scarlet Letter Ch 9-1535 terms pauliserrano D501 TopHat Questions- Block 136 terms fatima_hassan_PLUS Đề Hóa tổng hợp nha58 terms NhatLinhh3108 SCI 1101: Module 3 Water- review questions, just 147 terms charlotte_hall68 Related questionsQUESTION A sense of alienation is reported more often in the United States among members of historically excluded groups. Discuss which groups fall into this category. Can the alienation be changed? 3 answers QUESTION Lobbying firms often hire former members of Congress because... 15 answers QUESTION a. carrying out policy decisions of the party's state convention. 5 answers QUESTION leaks, press releases, people who work for the news (often liberal), audience (favor drama), sources, adversarial journalism (govt and media are adversaries) 3 answers |
Which of the following differentiates a political party from a social movement and an interest group quizlet?
Urheberrechte © © 2024 ketiadaan Inc.
