What is the normal range of values of phosphate in human blood? Show B. 2.7 to 4.5mg/dL Rationale p. 935 After reviewing a patient's laboratory reports, the nurse instructs him or her to consume dairy products. Which electrolytic imbalance may have prompted this instruction? C. Hypocalcemia Rationale p. 941 Which electrolyte influences the function of the neuromuscular junctions? D. Magnesium Rationale p. 941 While receiving a blood transfusion, a patient develops chills,
tachycardia, and flushing. What is the nurse's priority action? D. Stop the transfusion Rationale Test-Taking Tip: Remember that the nurse's number 1 priority is the patient's safety! Although the nurse may eventually notify the health care provider and alert the blood bank, stopping the transfusion is the first priority, and thus the best response. p. 963 Which electrolyte is necessary for the production of adenosine triphosphate? C. Phosphate Rationale p. 941 Which acute condition will place the patient at a high risk for hyperkalemia? B. Crush injuries Rationale p. 949 Which factor can be a risk for causing extracellular volume deficit (ECV)? A. Hemorrhage Rationale p. 947 Which fluid electrolyte imbalance may
develop in a patient who consumes spironolactone? B. Hyperkalemia Rationale p. 948 Which
can cause an excess of extracellular fluid volume? D. Chronic heart failure Rationale p. 940 Which physical findings can be seen in a patient with extracellular fluid volume (ECV) deficit? Select all that apply. B, D, E Rationale p. 940 Which electrolyte influences excitability of nerve and muscle cells and is necessary for muscle contraction? A. Calcium Rationale p. 941 A
patient has extracellular volume deficit due to diarrhea. How should the nurse correct the volume deficit in the patient? D. Provide fluids that contain sodium Rationale pp. 940, 955 A patient reports intense thirst and decreased alertness. The patient's serum sodium level is 170 mEq/L. What condition should the nurse document in the
patient's medical chart? C. Hypernatremia Rationale p. 940 Which laboratory finding is consistent with a diagnosis of milk-alkali syndrome? B. Calcium level of 15mg/dL Rationale Test-Taking Tip: Sometimes the reading of a question in the middle or toward the end of an exam may trigger your mind with the answer or provide an important clue to an earlier question. p. 942 A patient develops a mild allergic reaction during a blood transfusion. Which should the nurse administer to manage this allergic reaction? C. Antihistamines Rationale Test-Taking Tip: The key to this question is that the allergic reaction is mild, so administering antihistamines would be appropriate. Careful reading of the question will prevent you from overreacting and choosing sympathomimetics. Be sure to read all choices before submitting your selection! p. 963 Which electrolyte abnormality is least likely to be caused by the use of laxatives? A. Hyponatremia Rationale p. 948 The health care provider's order is 1000 mL 0.9% NaCl with 20 mEq K + intravenously over 8 hours. Which assessment finding should
cause the nurse to clarify the order with the health care provider before hanging this fluid? D. Oliguria Rationale Test-Taking Tip: Potassium imbalances are serious imbalances that can be life-threatening because every body system is affected. Be alert to avoid potassium imbalances when answering these questions. p. 940 Which symptom can be seen in a patient with phlebitis? D. Redness of the skin Rationale p. 961 Which drugs can cause hypokalemia? Select all that apply. C, D Rationale p. 948 Patients should be taught to replace sweat, vomiting, or diarrhea fluid losses with which type of fluid? B. Fluid that has sodium (salt) in it Rationale Test-Taking Tip: Think of commercials for sports drinks when recalling how to replace fluids lost from sweat, vomiting, or diarrhea. Those drinks contain sodium. p. 965 A patient with a cardiac history is taking the diuretic furosemide and is seen in the emergency department for muscle weakness. Which laboratory value should the nurse assess
first? D. Serum potassium Rationale Study Tip: Create a memory aid to recall the names of the most common potassium-wasting diuretics. Potassium imbalances are serious imbalances that can be life-threatening because every body system is affected. It is worth the time to memorize the potassium-wasting diuretics! p. 942 A patient has had chronic diarrhea for 3 months and also suffers from repeated bouts of vomiting. The nurse is reviewing the patient's laboratory report. Which are likely findings in the laboratory report? C. Serum K+ levels are less than 3.5 mEq/L Rationale Test-Taking Tip: Notice similarities and differences among the choices. For this question, three of the four choices show increased levels of electrolytes. Because you know that nausea and vomiting cause loss of electrolytes, you have the answer in the choice that indicates a decreased potassium level. pp. 941-942 How might sepsis manifest? D. Circulatory shock Rationale p. 964 What conditions place a patient at a higher risk for hypomagnesemia? Select all that apply. C, D Rationale p. 942 The nurse finds redness, heat, and swelling at the catheter-skin entry point and purulent drainage in a patient on intravenous infusion. Which complication does the nurse suspect? D. Local infection Rationale p. 960 A patient with cardiac failure is found to have excess extracellular fluid of normal tonicity. Which life-threatening complication is this patient most likely to suffer? C. Pulmonary Edema Rationale p. 940 Which condition may lead to an extracellular fluid volume
deficit? Select all that apply. A, D, E Rationale p. 940 Which
patient would most likely need teaching regarding dietary sodium restriction? B. A 65-year-old recently diagnosed with heart failure Rationale Study Tip: Remember prefix meanings to remember the differences between intracellular, intravascular, and extracellular. Intra- means within, so intravascular means within (blood) vessels, and intracellular means within the cells. Extra- means outside, so extracellular means outside of the cells. p. 940 The nurse understands that various mechanisms in the body help move fluid from one compartment to another. Which transport mechanism is governed by oncotic and hydrostatic pressures? C. Filtration Rationale p. 936 How much fluid is lost daily through feces in a healthy adult? Record your answer using a whole number. 100mL Rationale p. 938 As the nurse is assessing the caseload of patients for the day, which patient would the nurse expect to be at the highest risk of developing dehydration? A. A 78-year-old patient with dementia Rationale Study Tip: Stay away from nervous students before the test. Stop reviewing at least 30 minutes before the test. Take a walk, go to the library and read a magazine, listen to music, or do something else that is relaxing. Go to the test room a few minutes before test time so that you are not rushed in settling down in your seat. Tune out what others are saying. Crowd tension is contagious, so stay away from it. p. 947 Which defining characteristics are consistent with fluid volume deficit? C. Dry mucous membranes, thready pulse, tachycardia Rationale p. 940 While performing a general examination of a patient, the nurse finds that the patient has tetany and is positive for Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign. Which electrolyte disturbance is responsible for this clinical presentation? C. Hypocalcemia Rationale p. 942 The nurse is caring for a patient who has an accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity. The nurse understands that this fluid is transcellular fluid secreted by epithelial cells. Which bodily fluids are examples of transcellular fluids? Select all that apply.
C, D, E Rationale Study Tip: Draw a diagram of the various fluid compartments in the body. Use different colors for different compartments: intracellular, extracellular, interstitial, intravascular, and transcellular. Show which compartments are subdivisions of other compartments. For example, show intravascular fluid as a subdivision of extracellular fluid. p. 935 While caring for a patient on intravenous therapy, the nurse elevates the patient's
extremity. What is the rationale behind this intervention? B. Extravasation Rationale Test-Taking Tip: Identify option components as correct or incorrect. This may help you identify a wrong answer. p. 960 The arterial pH of a patient is 7.3. How should the nurse record this
pH in the patient case record? B. Acidosis Rationale Test-Taking Tip: Often you can use reason and logic, combined with your nursing judgment, to arrive at the correct answer. However, some information, such as normal pH, just has to be memorized. Commit to memorizing—by whatever means it takes—that normal arterial pH is 7.35 to 7.45. Be sure you also understand the difference between normal and neutral. p. 943 A health care provider is planning to transfuse a patient with a unit of packed red blood cells. Which solution should the health care provider hang with the transfusion? B. 0.9% sodium chloride Rationale Test-Taking Tip: The computerized NCLEX exam is an individualized testing experience in which the computer chooses your next question based on the ability and competency you have demonstrated on previous questions. The minimum number of questions will be 75 and the maximum 265. You must answer each question before the computer will present the next question, and you cannot go back to any previously answered questions. Remember that you do not have to answer all of the questions correctly to pass. p. 962 A patient with blood type O needs platelets. What should the nurse consider when
choosing a donor for platelet transfusion? C. Donor should be of blood group O Rationale p. 962 A patient on antidepressant therapy has developed hyponatremia. Which drug might have led to this condition? C. Fluoxetine Rationale p. 948 A patient is receiving treatment for chronic
diarrhea. The nurse advises the patient to eat food items rich in potassium. What is the reason behind promoting a potassium-rich diet? A. Potassium improves smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle function Rationale p. 941 Which electrolyte influences excitability of nerve and muscle?Potassium (K+) The magnitude of the potassium gradient across cell membranes determines excitability of nerve and muscle cells, including the myocardium. Rapid or significant changes in the serum potassium concentration can have life-threatening consequences.
What electrolytes are involved in muscle contraction?The electrolyte calcium is needed for muscle contraction ( 7 ). It allows muscle fibers to slide together and move over each other as the muscle shortens and contracts. Magnesium is also required in this process so that the muscle fibers can slide outward and muscles can relax after contraction.
Which electrolyte is important for both muscle contraction and neurotransmitter release?Calcium ions, Ca2+, are necessary for muscle contraction, enzyme activity, and blood coagulation. In addition, calcium helps to stabilize cell membranes and is essential for the release of neurotransmitters from neurons and of hormones from endocrine glands.
What electrolyte is important in cardiac muscle contraction quizlet?Calcium (Ca 2+) is necessary for muscle contraction.
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Which electrolyte influences excitability of nerve and muscle cells and is necessary for muscle contraction?
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