Which barium meal projection best demonstrates the pyloric canal and duodenal bulb in Hypersthenic patients?

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Which of the following UGI projections positions will best demonstrate barium in the body and pylorus of the stomach?
What is the best position to demonstrate duodenal loop?
What is the position of the stomach in a Hypersthenic patient?
What position best demonstrates a hiatal hernia?

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Question	Answer
About how long is the alimentary canal?	30 feet
What are the components of the alimentary canal?	mouth, pharynx, stomach, intestine, esophagus, colon, and anus
The expanded portion of the terminal esophagus is called	Cardiac antrum
The stomach wall is composed of how many layers?	4 fibrous,muscular, mucosous and submucous
The act of swallowing is termed	deglutition
The muscular opening between the stomach and the duodenum is termed	pyloric sphincter
For which body habitus is the stomach almost horizontal	hypersthenic
for which body habitus is the stomach almost vertical	asthenic
What are the functions of the stomach	storage of food and the chemical breakdown of food
What is the widest part of the small bowel	duodenum
The most distal portion of the small intestine is what	ileum
The small intestine is attached to the posterior wall of the abdomen by what	mesentary
The esophagus is located how to the larynx	posterior
The opening that joins the stomach and the esophagus is the	esophagogastric junction
what term describes the lateral border of the stomach	greater curvature
What is the term for the longitudinal mucosal folds found within the stomach	rugae
toward which aspects of the stomach will barium graviate with the patient in the prone postion	body and ptlorus
How long does it take barium to go through the alimentary canal and reach the anus	24 hours
The names of contrast medium used for examinations of the gastrointestinal tract	Air, barium sulfate, water soluble iodine and gastrograffin
what is the most commonly used contrast medium for an exam of the gastrointestinal tract	barium sulfate
once food enters the stomach and is mixed with gastric secretion it is called	chyme
What is the recommended oblique projection and position for best demonstration of the esophagus	PA, RAO
what is the respritation phase for all radiographic exposures of the stomach and intestines	expiration
What is the degree of the body rotation for the PA oblique projection of the esophagus	35-40 degrees
What is the recommended general body position for a radiographic series of the esophagus	recumbant
Advantages of using the recumbant postion for the radiographs of the esophagus	varices are better filled and more complete filling of the esophagus
What is a common passageway of both food and air	pharynx
What is the cartilage that prevents food from entering the pharynx	epiglottis
What is the essential projection for the stomach and duodenum	PA, PA Oblique, AP, AP Oblique, Lateral
In a PA oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum what plane is centered to the grid	sagittal
During an AP or PA Oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum what level is the IR centered	to the body of the stomach at L1/L2
What is the average body rotation for an AP Oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum	45 degrees
What projection of the stomach best demonstrates a diaphrogomatic henination	Ap projection
In an AP projection of the stomach what projection will best demonstrate the rectrogastic portion of the duodenuma dn jejunum	Supine and Trendelenburgs
What opening joins the small intestine and the stomach	pyloric orfices
In a PA projection of the stomach what does it best demonstrate	the stomach contour and the duodenal bulb
What are the main subdivisions of the stomach	cardia, fundus, body, pyloric portion
What body habitus is at 10%, 5%, 50%, and 35%	Asthenic, Hypersthenic, Sthenic, and Hyposthenic
What is the sequence of an esophogram for an esophageal varices	exhale fully, swallow barium, aviod inspiration
During all exams of the esophagus the top of the IR is postioned where	At the level of the mouth for inclusions of entire esophagus
Which plane is centered to the midline of the table for a lateral esophagus	midcoronal
High postion of the stomach is in which body habitus	hypersthenic
What is the patient prep for a stomach exam	No food or fluid after midnight
Food and fluid are withheld for how many hours before a stomach exam	8 hours
Routinely used method of examining the stomach	single and double contrast
Advantages for using the double contrast for stomach exams	Small lesions are not obscured and mucosal lining of the stomach can be more clearly visualized
Stomach with duodenal bulb at the level of L1/L2 would be found in what type of patient	sthenic
A PA projection of the stomach and duodenum can be preformed uing a 14x17 or 10x12. Which plane is centered to the grid for the projection	sagittal plane passing halfway between the vertebral column and the midcoronal plane
Which level is the IR centered for a projection of the stomach and duodenum on a patient that has a sthenic body habitus	L1
Body rotated for the PA oblique projection(RAO position) of the stomach and duodenum is	40-70 degrees
The greatest degree of rotation would be used for what body habitus	hypersthenic
What projection and position will best demonstrate the duodenal bulb and loop in profile	PA Oblique, RAO
What projection of the stomach would a positioning sponge be used in	AP Oblique LPO
What is the degree of body rotation of an AP oblique stomach	30-60 degrees
What projection of the stomach demonstartes the anterior and posterior surface	lateral
what plane is positioned to the center of he grid for a lateral projection of the stomach and duodenum	Coronal plane 1.5 inches anterior to the midcoronal plane
A patient comes to radiology for an UGI series. the patient has a clinical history of hiatal hernia. what position will best demonstarte this	AP trendelengburg
What best describes the relationship between the esophagus and the trachea	Esophagus is posterior to the trachea
What postition best demontrates the esophageal varices	recumbent
The folds of the thich inner lining of the stomach are called	rugae
The esophagus joins the stomach through what opening	cardiac orifice
What is the % of population witha sthenic and hypersthenic body habitus	85%
What is the middle part of the small intestine called	jejunum
What is the shortest part of the small intestine called	duodenum
What is the longest part of the small intestine called	ileum
What are contraction waves called	peristalsis
What is the largest gland in the body	liver
What is the name of the vessels that supply blood to the liver	portal vien and hepatic artery
What is the function of the gallbladder	store and concentration of bile
What is the function of the exocrine cells of the pancrease	produces and secretes digestive juices
How do you record fluroscopic exams	Tv, cinema, video recorder
What is the drugs that relax the GI tract before a double contrats study	glucagon
Common bile duct and pancreatic duct unit to form what	Hepatopancreatic papilla
OPening inside the duodenum where the pancreatic enzymes and bile enters is called	greater duodenal papilla
the duodenum joins the jejunum at the sharp curve called	duodenojejunal flexure
what is the functions of the spleen	produce lymphocytes and store and remove dead or dying blood cells
what is the specific radiographic exam of the billary duct termed	cholangiography
What ate the accessory organs	liver pancrease, gallbladder and salivary glands
In what two regions of the abdomen is the liver in	right hyperchondrium and epigastic
In what quadraunt is the spleen in	left uppper quad.
What position best enhances peristalic motion of barium through the stomach	RAO
What is the length of the average adult intestine	22 feet
The walls of the small intestine is composed of how many layers	4
How many distinct portions is the small intestine divided into	3
What the names of the salivary glands	partiod, sublingual and submandibular(submaxillary)
what is the function of the small bowel	digestion and absorption of food
the dilated portion of the esophagus is the	cardiac antrun
What part of the stomach is attached to the duodenum	pylorus
What part of the pancrease is adjacent to the c-loop of the duodenum	the head
What division of the duodenum contains the duodenal bulb or cap	first(superior)
What negative contrast medium is used during a UGI series	sodium bicarbonate
What should you do before the use of barium sulfate	Stur it well
What chemical indication would mandate the use of an oral, water soluble contrast agent	possible bowel perforation
Where is the tube positioned during fluroscopy	under the table
What are the cardinal rules	distance, shielding,time
What is the most efffective cardinal rule to reduce patient dose	distance
What condition involves dilated veins in the distal aspect of the esophagus which may lead to internal bleeding	esophageal varices
Enlarged recess or out pouching in the proximal esophagus is	Zenkers diverticulum
a mass of undigested material	bezoar
inflammation of the stomach	gastritis
give example of GERD	esophageal reflux
what is the most common diagnostic procedure to diagnosis gerd	endoscopy
what is a potntial risk associated with the use of water soluble contrast agents in geratic patiens	dehydration
Patient prep for UGI series	NPO 8 hours before the procedure
what is the kV range used for an UGI series using barium sulfate	100-110
Centering of the CR for an esophagram should be to the level of	T5-T6
How much obliquity is required for the RAO position for the esophagus	35-40 degrees
What esophagram projection /positions will project the majority of the esophagus over the spine	AP
What UGI projection/position will best demonstrate barium in the body and pylorus	PA
What UGI projection/position will best demonstrate the pylorus and duodenal bulb in profile with double contrast study	LPO
At what level would the IR and CR be centered for the RAO position(PA project)UGI on a sthenic body type patient	L1/L2
A radiograph taken during an UGI series demonstrates poor visibility of gastric mucosa. 80kV, 30mAs, 1/40sec exposure time, high speed IR, barium sulfate used. What factors need to be mortified during the repeat exam	Increase kV decrease mAs as needed
Patient history indicates a tumor posterior to stomach what projection/position will best demonstrate this	Right lateral
The funds is filled with barium and the duodenal bulb is in profile and air filled. If the patient was in the recumbent position the whole time what projectin needs to be repeated	AP LPO
During an UGI series the "Lucent-halo" signs appear in the duodenum. What does this mean in the radiograph	An ulcer appears
The salivary gland that is located near the angle of the mandible is	Submaxillary
What instructions should be given to the patient after an UGI exam	Drink plenty of water take a mild laxative
The mucosa of the small intestine contains a series of finger like projections called	Villi
What body position demonstrates the duodenal loop filled with barium contrast he best	Recumbent right lateral
What is the curvature called for the right(medial) borders the stomach	Lesser
What is the superior part of the stomach called	Fundus
What is the inferior part of the stomach called	Pylorus

Which of the following UGI projections positions will best demonstrate barium in the body and pylorus of the stomach?

positioning UGI.

What is the best position to demonstrate duodenal loop?

Digestive System -- UGI.

What is the position of the stomach in a Hypersthenic patient?

Heavily build hypersthenic individuals with short thorax and long abdomen are likely to have stomach that is placed in higher position and more transversally. In persons with a slender asthenic physique, the stomach is located lower and more vertical.

What position best demonstrates a hiatal hernia?

An upper GI barium series is the definitive method of diagnosing hiatal hernias (see the image below). A single-contrast barium swallow performed with the patient in the prone position is more likely to demonstrate a sliding hiatal hernia than an upright double-contrast examination.

Which barium meal projection best demonstrates the pyloric canal and duodenal bulb in Hypersthenic patients?

Which of the following UGI projections positions will best demonstrate barium in the body and pylorus of the stomach?

What is the best position to demonstrate duodenal loop?

What is the position of the stomach in a Hypersthenic patient?

What position best demonstrates a hiatal hernia?

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