Domain names are a key part of the Internet infrastructure. They provide a human-readable address for any web server available on the Internet. Any Internet-connected computer can be reached through a public
IP address, either an IPv4 address (e.g. Computers can handle such addresses easily, but people have a hard time finding out who is running the server or what service the website offers. IP addresses are hard to remember and might change over time. To solve all those problems we use human-readable addresses called domain names. A domain name has a simple structure made of several parts (it might be one part only, two, three…), separated by dots and read from right to left: Each of those parts provides specific information about the whole domain name. TLD (Top-Level Domain).TLDs tell users the general purpose of the service behind the domain name. The most generic TLDs (
TLDs can contain special as well as latin characters. A TLD's maximum length is 63 characters, although most are around 2–3. The full list of TLDs is maintained by ICANN. Label (or component)The labels are what follow the TLD. A label is a case-insensitive character sequence anywhere from one to sixty-three characters in length, containing only the letters A through Z, digits 0 through 9, and the - character (which may not be the first or last character in the label). The label located right before the TLD is also called a Secondary Level Domain (SLD). A domain name can have many labels (or components). It is not mandatory nor necessary to have 3 labels to form a domain name. For instance, www.inf.ed.ac.uk is a valid domain name. For any domain you control (e.g. mozilla.org), you can create "subdomains" with different content located at each, like developer.mozilla.org, iot.mozilla.org, or bugzilla.mozilla.org. Buying a domain nameWho owns a domain name?You cannot "buy a domain name". This is so that unused domain names eventually become available to use again by someone else. If every domain name was bought, the web would quickly fill up with unused domain names that were locked and couldn't be used by anyone. Instead, you pay for the right to use a domain name for one or more years. You can renew your right, and your renewal has priority over other people's applications. But you never own the domain name. Companies called registrars use domain name registries to keep track of technical and administrative information connecting you to your domain name. Note: For
some domain name, it might not be a registrar which is in charge of keeping track. For instance, every domain name under Finding an available domain nameTo find out whether a given domain name is available,
As you can see, I can't register On the other hand, let's see if I could register $ whois afunkydomainname.org NOT FOUND As you can see, the domain does not exist in the Getting a domain nameThe process is quite straightforward:
Note: In this process the registrar asks you for your real-world address. Make sure you fill it properly, since in some countries registrars may be forced to close the domain if they cannot provide a valid address. DNS refreshingDNS databases are stored on every DNS server worldwide, and all these servers refer to a few special servers called "authoritative name servers" or "top-level DNS servers." — these are like the boss servers that manage the system. Whenever your registrar creates or updates any information for a given domain, the information must be refreshed in every DNS database. Each DNS server that knows about a given domain stores the information for some time before it is automatically invalidated and then refreshed (the DNS server queries an authoritative server and fetches the updated information from it). Thus, it takes some time for DNS servers that know about this domain name to get the up-to-date information. How does a DNS request work?As we already saw, when you want to display a webpage in your browser it's easier to type a domain name than an IP address. Let's take a look at the process:
Next stepsOkay, we talked a lot about processes and architecture. Time to move on.
Is information is the major component of the e commerce offerings of service industries?Information is the major component of the e-commerce offerings of service industries. Internet marketing typically is one-way and impersonal. Vertical exchanges are typically used only to buy and sell materials required for an organization's support activities.
Which type of electronic exchange connect buyers with sellers within a specific industry?Key Takeaways. An electronic communication network (ECN) is a digital system that matches buyers and sellers looking to trade securities in the financial markets.
Which type of electronic payment is typically favored in B2B?Which Types of Electronic Payments Are Typically Favored in B2B? The preferred method for electronic payment is going to vary based on both the buyer and supplier; however, ACH payments continue to be the most common form of electronic payment due to their low cost and speed, relative to checks.
Do electronic commerce require companies to hire additional employees?The use of electronic commerce requires companies to hire additional employees. When two companies fight over a domain name the company that has been in business the longest is automatically considered the owner of the domain.
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