What is Scientific Theory of Management?The scientific theory of management focuses on individual efficiency and productivity. The father of this theory is Fredrick Winslow Taylor (1890-1940), from his text Principles of Scientific Management (1911). His proposal was to apply principles of the scientific method to the practice of management. His influence is such that the scientific theory of management is often referred to as Taylorism. Show
Back to: BUSINESS MANAGEMENT What was Taylorism, and how did it give rise to Scientific Management Theory?The objective of the scientific theory is to increase production within an organization by increasing the productivity of the individual. Taylor envisioned one best way to perform an organizational task. Taylor's research focused on repetitive, routine tasks - rather than complex or problem-solving activities. Each task was carefully specified and measured. If these tasks could be standardized they could be made more efficient. For example, these types of activities could be largely automated through the introduction of technology. Taylor employed timing measures to routine tasks to identify efficiencies and reduce wasted effort. He also sought to optimize equipment or resources employed in these routine tasks. By customizing equipment (or technology) he was able to add efficiency to individual effort. Further, Taylor proposed an award and punishment system to incentivize efficient practice. Employees who adapted to efficient techniques were rewarded as a result of higher productivity. Employees who were unable or unwilling to adapt were punished. Taylorism, can be summarized as follows:
As you can imagine, this system is based upon principles of comparative advantage. Individuals are prepared to perform specific tasks as part of a greater process. This specialization allows for greater efficiency. What are the negative aspects of Scientific Management Theory?Taylor's principles functioned well for routine tasks, such as assembly lines or production facilities. These principles did not function as well in organizations where knowledge and decision-making are central at each level of the value delivery process. This is particularly true for service-based (rather than product-based) industries. Further, Taylor's principles garnered significant criticism for their effect on workers. Many argued that it treated humans as beasts of burden, dehumanizing them. It often leads to poor working conditions in which employers reaped greater benefits while employees earned very small increases in compensation. While the scientific theory focused exclusively on efficiency, it did little to understand the employee or to develop the manager as a leader. Naturally, these shortcomings lead to subsequent innovations in management theory. Who are the Major Contributors to Scientific Management Theory?As discussed, Frederic Taylor was the father of Scientific Management Theory. Other major contributors to scientific theory or management include:
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What was the main idea behind Frederick Taylor's work quizlet?What was the main idea behind Frederick Taylor's work on the scientific approach to management? A. If one could redesign the workplace there would be an increase in both company output and worker wages.
What is Frederick Taylor Scientific Management theory?Scientific management is a management theory that analyzes work flows to improve economic efficiency, especially labor productivity. This management theory, developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor, was popular in the 1880s and 1890s in U.S. manufacturing industries.
What is the significance of Taylor's Scientific Management?Taylor's Scientific Management analyzes and synthesizes workflows. He introduced a scientific approach to productivity, which meant an increase in efficiency can lead to higher productivity and profits. He also believed that there were universal laws that governed efficiency and were independent of human judgment.
What are the two main aims of FW Taylor Scientific Management?1. To achieve higher production and acceleration in the rate of productivity by the use of standardized tools, equipment's and methods. 2. Betterment in the quality of the products by research, quality control and effective inspection.
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