journal article Show Ethnohistory Vol. 42, No. 3 (Summer, 1995) , pp. 477-493 (17 pages) Published By: Duke University Press https://doi.org/10.2307/483215 https://www.jstor.org/stable/483215 Read and download Log in through your school or library Purchase article $15.00 - Download now and later Purchase a PDFPurchase this article for $15.00 USD. Purchase this issue for $26.00 USD. Go to Table of Contents. How does it work?
Abstract Colonial rule in Yucatán depended on the cooptation of native Maya leaders known as batabs. The batab's role as broker and tax collector continued into the early national period. But destabilization of the rural tax structure, together with rapid commercialization of land usage, undermined batab loyalty, which contributed to the Caste War of 1847. Thereafter, the batab role survived in varying forms throughout the Yucatán Peninsula. Journal Information Ethnohistory emphasizes the joint use of documentary materials and ethnographic or archaeological data, as well as the combination of historical and anthropological approaches, in the study of social and cultural processes and history. The journal has established a strong reputation for its studies of the history of native peoples in the Americas and in recent years has expanded its focus to cultures and societies throughout the world. Ethnohistory publishes articles, review essays, and book reviews by scholars in anthropology, history, archaeology, linguistics, literature and art history, geography, and other disciplines and is read by historians and anthropologists alike. Publisher Information Duke University Press publishes approximately one hundred books per year and thirty journals, primarily in the humanities and social sciences, though it does also publish two journals of advanced mathematics and a few publications for primarily professional audiences (e.g., in law or medicine). The relative magnitude of the journals program within the Press is unique among American university presses. In recent years, it has developed its strongest reputation in the broad and interdisciplinary area of "theory and history of cultural production," and is known in general as a publisher willing to take chances with nontraditional and interdisciplinary publications, both books and journals. Rights & Usage This item is part of a JSTOR Collection.  Maya Civilization Timeline
B.C.11,000The first hunter-gatherers settle in the Maya highlands and lowlands. 3114 or 3113The creation of the world takes place, according to the Maya Long Count calendar. 2600Maya civilization begins. 2000The rise of the Olmec civilization, from which many aspects of Maya culture are derived. Village farming becomes established throughout Maya regions. 700Writing is developed in Mesoamerica. 400The earliest known solar calendars carved in stone are in use among the Maya, although the solar calendar may have been known and used by the Maya before this date. 300The Maya adopt the idea of a hierarchical society ruled by nobles and kings. 100The city of Teotihuacan is founded and for centuries is the cultural, religious and trading centre of Mesoamerica. 50The Maya city of Cerros is built, with a complex of temples and ball courts. It is abandoned (for reasons unknown) a hundred years later and its people return to fishing and farming.A.D.100The decline of the Olmecs. 400The Maya highlands fall under the domination of Teotihuacan, and the disintegration of Maya culture and language begins in some parts of the highlands. 500The Maya city of Tikal becomes the first great Maya city, as citizens from Teotihuacan make their way to Tikal, introducing new ideas involving weaponry, captives, ritual practices and human sacrifice. 600An unknown event destroys the civilization at Teotihuacan, along with the empire it supported. Tikal becomes the largest city-state in Mesoamerica, with as many as 500,000 inhabitants within the city and its hinterland. 683The Emperor Pacal dies at the age of 80 and is buried in the Temple of the Inscriptions at Palenque. 751Long-standing Maya alliances begin to break down. Trade between Maya city-states declines, and inter-state conflict increases. 869Construction ceases in Tikal, marking the beginning of the city's decline. 899Tikal is abandoned. 900The Classic Period of Maya history ends, with the collapse of the southern lowland cities. Maya cities in the northern Yucatán continue to thrive. 1200Northern Maya cities begin to be abandoned. 1224The city of Chichén Itzá is abandoned by the Toltecs. A people known as the Uicil-abnal, which later takes the name Itzá, settles in the desolate city. 1244The Itzá abandon Chichén Itzá for reasons unknown. 1263The Itzá begin building the city of Mayapán. 1283Mayapán becomes the capital of Yucatán. 1441There is a rebellion within Mayapán and the city is abandoned by 1461. Shortly after this, Yucatán degenerates from a single united kingdom into sixteen rival statelets, each anxious to become the most powerful. 1511A Spaniard named Gonzalo Guerrero is shipwrecked and washed up on the eastern shore of Yucatán. He defects to the Maya, tattooing his face, piercing his ears and marrying into a Maya noble family. Guerrero later becomes an implacable foe of the Spaniards and does much to help the Maya resist Spanish rule in Yucatán. 1517The Spanish first arrive on the shores of Yucatán under Hernandez de Cordoba, who later dies of wounds received in battle against the Maya. The arrival of the Spanish ushers in Old World diseases unknown among the Maya, including smallpox, influenza and measles. Within a century, 90 per cent of Mesoamerica's native populations will be killed off. 1519Hernán Cortés begins exploring Yucatán. 1524Cortés meets the Itzá people, the last of the Maya peoples to remain unconquered by the Spanish. The Spanish leave the Itzá alone until the seventeenth century. 1528The Spanish under Francisco de Montejo begin their conquest of the northern Maya. The Maya fight back with surprising vigour, keeping the Spanish at bay for several years. 1541The Spanish are finally able to subdue the Maya and put an end to Maya resistance. Revolt continues, however, to plague the Spaniards off and on for the rest of the century. 1542The Spanish establish a capital city at Mérida in Yucatán. 1695The ruins of Tikal are discovered by chance by the Spanish priest Father Avedaño and his companions, who had become lost in the jungle. 1712The Maya of the Chiapas highlands rise against the Mexican government. They will continue to do so off and on until the 1990s. 1724The Spanish Crown abolishes the system of encomienda, which had given Spanish land barons the right to forced Maya labour, as long as they agreed to convert the Maya to Christianity. 1821Mexico becomes independent from Spain. In general, life becomes more tolerable for the Maya than it had been under Spanish rule. 1822An account of Antonío del Río's late eighteenth-century explorations of Palenque is published in London. The book raises a great deal of interest in further exploration of the "lost" Maya civilization and settlements. 1839American diplomat and lawyer John Lloyd Stephens and English topographical artist Frederick Catherwood begin a series of explorations into Maya regions, revealing the full splendour of classical Maya civilization to the world for the first time. 1847The Yucatán Maya rise up against the Mexican government, rebelling against the miserable conditions and cruelty they have suffered at the hands of the whites. The rebellion is so successful that the Maya almost manage to take over the entire peninsula in what has become known as the War of the Castes. 1850A miraculous "talking cross" in a village in central Quintana Roo predicts a holy war against the whites. Bolstered by arms received from the British in Belize, the Maya form into quasi-military companies inspired by messianic zeal. The fighting continues until 1901. 1860The Yucatán Maya rebel again. 1864Workmen digging a canal on the Caribbean coast of Guatemala discover a jade plaque inscribed with a date of A.D. 320. The plaque becomes one of the oldest known objects dated in the Maya fashion. 1880A new tide of government intervention in Maya life begins as governments attempt to force the Maya to become labourers on cash-crop plantations. This destroys many aspects of Maya cultural traditions and agricultural methods preserved over 4,000 years. Towns which had been protected for the Maya soon become a haven for mixed-race ladinos who prey economically on the indigenous Maya and usurp all positions of social and economic power. 1910 Rampant government corruption leads to the Mexican Revolution. 1946American photographer Giles Healey is taken to the Maya city of Bonampak by the native Lacandón who live nearby. Healey becomes the first non-Maya ever to see Bonampak's stunning wall-paintings, which reveal new details about Maya civilization. 1952The Priest-king Pacal's tomb at Palenque is discovered and excavated by Mexican archaeologist Alberto Ruz, marking the first time a tomb has been found inside a Maya pyramid. Prior to this, Maya pyramids were believed to be temples with a purely religious or ceremonial purpose. 1962Maya hieroglyphic signs are first catalogued. Uncontrolled looting of Maya tombs and other sites begins around this time in the southern lowlands, continuing until well into the 1970s. 1992A Quiché Maya woman from Guatemala named Rigoberta Menchu, who has lost most of her family to the death squads and is known for speaking out against the extermination of the Maya, wins the Nobel Peace Prize.What happened in the Yucatan Peninsula?The Yucatán Peninsula is the site of the Chicxulub crater impact, which was created 66 million years ago by an asteroid of about 10 to 15 kilometers (6 to 9 miles) in diameter at the end of the Cretaceous Period.
Why is the Yucatan Peninsula important to the Mayans?The Yucatan Peninsula is a significant area for ancient Mayan culture as there are many different Mayan archaeological sites in the region. The most famous of these include Chichen Itza and Uxmal. Today's Yucatan Peninsula is still home to native Maya people as well as people of Mayan descent.
What was the goal of the Caste War?The Caste War of Yucatán (1847–1901) began with the revolt of Native Maya people of the Yucatán Peninsula against Hispanic populations, called Yucatecos. The latter had long held political and economic control of the region.
What cause the outbreak of the Caste War on July 30 1847?The Outbreak of the War, 30 July 1847
Soon, someone reported that Maya leaders Jacinto Pat, Bonifacio Novelo, Cecilio Chi, and Manuel Antonio Ay were plotting to rebel against the Yucatec whites and to drive them off the peninsula.
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What was a goal of the Maya in the Yucatan peninsula when they revolted against the government in 1847?
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