What type of CR angle is required for the AP Semiaxial projection for the lung apices?

The two most important landmarks for chest positioning are:

Jugular notch and vertebrae prominens

The vertebrae prominens corresponds to the level of:

The Xiphoid process is a reliable positioning landmark for determining the lower margin of the lungs for chest positioning.

The upper margin of the lungs is the level of:

What is the name of the structure that serves as a passageway for both food and air?

The jugular notch is located on the:

What is the correct anatomic name for the Adam's apple?

What is the name for the structure that serves as a lid over the larynx to prevent aspiration of food or fluid?

The lower concave area of the lungs is termed the

The internal prominence or ridge where the trachea bifurcates into the right and left bronchi is termed the:

The inner layer of the pleura that encloses the lungs and the heart is called the:

Air or gas that escapes into the plural cavity results in a condition known as:

Which of the following structures is not considered a mediastinal structure?

The thymus gland is at the maximum size at:

The heart is located in the same anterior chest at the level of:

The asthenic body type makes up approximately_______ of the population.

The central ray (CR) for an AP supine chest should be:

Which type of body habitus requires that image receptor be placed crosswise rather than lengthwise for a PA chest?

A general rule states that radiographic grids must be used in chest radiography for_____.

Exposure factors using 100 kV or greater

Type of image receptor place approximately 2 inches (5cm) above the shoulders is recommended positioning for all adult chest radiographs

Collimation guidelines indicate the upper border of the collimation field should be about 2 inches (5cm) above the vertebra prominens

a well-inspired average adult chest PA projection will have a minimum of______ posterior ribs seen above the diaphragm.

Which of the following objects does not have to be removed or moved before a chest radiography?

Situation: a PA radiograph reveals that only eight ribs are seen above the diaphragm. Which of the following suggestions would improve the inspiration of lungs?

Take exposure on the second inspiration rather than on first.

What is the primary disadvantage of performing an AP projection of the chest rather than a PA?

Increased magnification of the heart

Of the following factors, which one must be applied to demonstrate possible air and fluid levels in the chest?

Patient in erect position

Situation: a PA chest radiograph reveals that the pendulous breasts of the patients are obscuring the base of the lungs. What should be done to lessen the effects of the breast shadow?

Ask patient to lift breast up and outward

Situation: A PA chest radiographs reveals that the left sternoclavicular joint is closer to the spine in the right joint. What specific positioning error has been committed?

Rotation into the LAO position

Which of the following factors must be applied to minimize magnification of the heart?

Of the following positioning actions, which one will remove the scapulae from the lung fields?

When using AEC (automatic exposure control) for a PA chest projection, which ionization chamber(s) should be activated?

For an average size female patient, where is the CR place for a PA projection of the chest?

7 inches (18cm) below the vertebra prominens

When using AEC, which ionization chamber(s) are activated for a left lateral projection of the chest?

What type of CR angle is required for AP semiaxial projection for the long apices?

15 to 20 cephalic degrees

Which chest oblique position will best demonstrate the heart?

Situation: a patient enters the emergency room (ER) to be treated for severe trauma. The physician orders an AP supine chest to evaluate the lungs. What can the technologist do to reduce the magnification of the heart?

Increase SID as much as possible

Situation: an ambulatory patient comes to radiology with a clinical history of possible pneumonia. The patient complains of pain in the center of her chest. What positioning routine should be performed on this patient?

PA and left lateral projections

Situation: a patient is in intensive care unit with multiple injuries. The attending physician is concerned about a pleural effusion in the left lung. The patient had surgery recently and cannot be placed in the erect position. What position(s) would be best to rule out the plural effusion?

Situation: A patient enters the ER with a possible pneumothorax in the left lung. Due to trauma, the patient cannot stand or sit erect. Which of the following positions would best demonstrate this condition?

Situation: a patient comes to radiology for a routine chest study. On the PA projection, the radiologist sees a possible calcification near a rib, but she cannot tell whether the calcification is in the lung or on the rib. What additional projections would assist with the diagnosis?

Inspiration/ expiration PA

Situation: a patient enters the ER with a possible hemothorax in the right lung. With help, the patient can sit erect on a cart. Which of the following routines would best demonstrate this condition?

Erect PA and erect right lateral on cart

Situation: a patient comes to radiology with a possible mass beneath the right clavicle. The PA and left lateral projections are inconclusive. Which additional projection can be taken to demonstrate this possible mass?

For anterior oblique radiographs of the chest, the side of interest is generally farthest from the image receptor.

Contrary to common belief, the vertical dimension of an average PA chest is greater than the horizontal dimension.

A small atelectasis may be detected by performing inspiration and expiration PA projections.

The greatest amount of patient dose delivered to the patient during all chest radiography is to the skin.

When performing the lateral projection of the upper airway, exposure should be made during a slow, deep inspiration rather than at the end of the inspiration.

When using AEC, which ionization chamber(s) should be activated on anterior obliques?

The upper outside chamber farthest from chest

Why must the technologist slightly angle the CR caudad for most AP projections of the chest?

This prevents clavicles from obscuring apices of the lungs

When using AEC, which ionization chamber(s) is/are normally activated for the PA projection of the chest?

The two upper outside chambers

Which positioning line must be placed perpendicular to the plane of the IR for an AP projection of the upper airway?

Which of the following is not a form of occupational lung disease?

Which of the following is a condition in which all or part of a lung is collapsed, requiring an increase in manual exposure factors?

What projection is used to demonstrate the pulmonary apices?

Where is the central ray CR placed for the AP supine projection of the chest?

What position would you place the patient to show the lung apices?

How many degrees of body rotation are required for routine AP or PA oblique chest radiography?