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Newborn head molding is an abnormal head shape that results from pressure on the baby's head during childbirth. The bones of a newborn baby's skull are soft and flexible, with gaps between the plates of bone. The spaces between the bony plates of the skull are called cranial sutures. The front (anterior) and back (posterior) fontanelles are 2 gaps that are particularly large. These are the soft spots you can feel when you touch the top of your baby's head. When a baby is born in a head-first position, pressure on the head in the birth canal may mold the head into an oblong shape. These spaces between the bones allow the baby's head to change shape. Depending on the amount and length of pressure, the skull bones may even overlap. These spaces also allow the brain to grow inside the skull bones. They will close as the brain reaches its full size. Fluid may also collect in the baby's scalp (caput succedaneum), or blood may collect beneath the scalp (cephalohematoma). This may further distort the shape and appearance of the baby's head. Fluid and blood collection in and around the scalp is common during delivery. It will most often go away in a few days. If your baby is born breech (buttocks or feet first) or by cesarean delivery (C-section), the head is most often round. Severe abnormalities in head size are not related to molding. Related topics include:
Newborn cranial deformation; Molding of the newborn's head; Neonatal care - head molding Ball JW, Dains JE, Flynn JA, Solomon BS, Stewart RW. Head and neck. In: Ball JW, Dains JE, Flynn JA, Solomon BS, Stewart RW, eds. Siedel's Guide to Physical Examination. 9th ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019:chap 1. Jones KL, Jones MC, Campo MD. Craniosynostosis syndromes. In: Jones KL, Jones MC, Campo MD, eds. Smith's Recognizable Patterns of Human Deformation. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:570-599. Lissauer T, Hansen A. Physical examination of the newborn. In: Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, Walsh MC, eds. Fanaroff and Martin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 28. Walker VP. Newborn evaluation. In: Gleason CA, Juul SE, eds. Avery's Diseases of the Newborn. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018:chap 25. Updated by: Neil K. Kaneshiro, MD, MHA, Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. How does a baby pass through the birth canal?How Does a Baby Pass Through the Birth Canal? During the labor process, the baby's head will tilt down toward the mother's pelvis. The head will push on the birth canal, which encourages the cervix to enlarge. Ideally, the baby's face will be turned toward the mother's back.
What is the process called when you see the baby's head before birth?The best position for your baby inside your uterus at the time of delivery is head down. This is called cephalic presentation. This position makes it easier and safer for your baby to pass through the birth canal.
How do structures in a baby's head help pass through the birth canal?The sutures and fontanelles are needed for the infant's brain growth and development. During childbirth, the flexibility of the sutures allows the bones to overlap so the baby's head can pass through the birth canal without pressing on and damaging their brain.
What is the vertex presentation?In vertex presentations the head of the fetus most commonly faces to the right and slightly to the rear. This position is said to be the most usual one because the fetus is thus best accommodated to the shape of the uterus.
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What process is taking place when the fetal skull bones overlap when passing through the birth canal in vertex presentation?
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