What kind of reasoning uses a few specific observations to produce a general hypothesis quizlet?

To be considered true research, a project must:

gather and interpret information in a systematic fashion so as to increase understanding of some phenomenon. 

what illustrates research as it is described in the textbook?

Ian wants to know why the population of songbirds has declined in recent years in the Sutton Wilderness Area. He carefully collects soil and water samples systematically surveys the entire area for predators, and then sits down to make sense of his findings.

Research is considered cyclical because:

Questions lead to data collection which leads to interpretations and then new problems.

Cameron is conducting a study that addresses the differences in achievement scores between schools and use block scheduling and schools that use a traditional scheduling format. He has accessed average achievement scores for 1200 schools and now is comparing the two groups. In which research step is Cameron engaged?

Analyze the collected data

what is a statement made by a qualitative researcher

I would like to interview a few of the participants to understand their training

What is a statement that might be stated by a qualitative researcher?

Let's compare unit test scores of those who were placed in cooperative groups and those who were not.

The philosophical assumption that objective scientific research can uncover true cause-and-effect relationships in the world is known as:

Qualitative researchers most commonly (but not exclusively) align with which of the philosophical approaches to research?

A specific mechanism or strategy the researcher uses to collect, manipulate, or interpret data is known as a:

Research methodology refers to:

the general approach the researcher takes to conducting a research project

The primary purpose of inferential statistics is to:

help the researcher draw conclusions from the data.

Kade has spent the past month carefully observing a group of third graders on the playground during recess, taking not of how the students interact with one another. On the basis of these observations, kade is drawing conclusions about the interaction styles of boys and girls. This is an an example of:

Kimberly knows that teenagers often do not bake good decisions in areas where they have little knowledge. She also knows that most teens have little knowledge about human sexuality. therefore, Kimberly believes that teens are likely to make poor decisions about sexual activity. This is an example of:

Having completed a series of studies for her dissertation, Marianela sits down to brainstorm about possible explanations for her key findings. She can see a variety of ways in which all data work together, and she prepares to write a final chapter in which she presents those ideas. We would most likely say Marianela is engaged in the process of:

The primary reason to seek research articles published in academic journals, rather than those posted by the author on the internet, is that:

They have been carefully selected after an extensive review by experts

research intended to enhance basic knowledge about the physical, biological, psychological, or social world or to shed some light on historical, cultural, or aesthetic phenomena

Research that informs human decision making about immediate, practical problems

What represents a well-written Applied research problem?

How do business teams of six or fewer members compare to teams of more than six members in terms of productivity?

What represents a well-written Basic research problem?

What proportion of workers hired by selected factories in the state of Oklahoma between 1995 and 2000 held four-year college degrees?
The chief weakness of this research problem is that:

it does not lead to the creation/discovery of new information

What do underemployed US workers (i.e. those workers who are employed, but not in positions for which they have specialized training or expertise) identify as the primary reason for their inability to find suitable employment?
The chief weakness of this research problem is:

studying the question as stated is not feasible

What is the correlation between an index of civic-mindedness and years of involvement in local organizations and charities among members of city councils of selected midsized cities in the northeastern United States?
The chief weakness of this research problem is that:

it implies only description of the data, not interpretation

Among social workers in selected U.S. urban areas, are the personality characteristics of Need for Structure or In-Group Preference related to prejudicial social judgments about African Americans, Latino Americans, or Asian Americans?
What is a well-stated subproblem for this research problem?

what is the relationship between an index of Need for Structure and an index of prejudice targeting attitudes about Asian Americans among the selected social workers?

What represents a null hypothesis?

There will be no difference in rate of skill improvement between college gymnasts who practice meditation and those who do not

what represents a research hypothesis

Class A high school basketball teams who employ a sports psychologist will have a higher proportion of wins over the course of the season than comparable teams who do not employ a sports psychologist

Lucy examined relationships between middle-school students’ self-esteem and their performance in Mathematics. Her data analysis indicated that students with higher self-esteem perform better than those with lower self-esteem. Her investigation further revealed that students with higher self-esteem are more willing to invest effort in solving Math problems. In this case, the amount of effort is

Research suggests that children who eat hot breakfast at home perform better at school. Many argue that not only hot breakfast but also parental care of children before they go to school has an impact on children’s performance. In this case, parental care is

Imani analyzed data and found that explicitly teaching reading strategies improves students’ performance on standardized tests. In this study, explicit teaching of reading strategies is

Marcos’s study suggested that elementary students who watch TV more than three hours a day are more likely to be overweight than students who watch less TV. In this study, students’ weight is

Anneka ends her research proposal by introducing several variables that she does NOT plan to study, along with an explanation of why she’s not studying them. When she presents her proposal to her research committee, her primary advisor is most likely to say:

it's good that you have identified the delimitations of your study before you begin

The primary purpose for completing a thorough literature review as part of a research study is to:

become an expert in your area of interest

Jane wants to search for information about the variety of attention disorders that are seen in childhood. Which of the following sets of keywords would best get Jane started on an effective and efficient search?

"attention disorders" and "children"

A well structured literature review

begins with broad/general information, then narrows the focus to those studies most closely related to the research problem

The review of the literature can be curtailed when:

you are no longer encountering new ideas or information

A well-written literature review:

emphasizes critique and synthesis of the work of others that is related to your own research problem

Typically, the literature review should:

emphasize how the studies being reviewed are related to the research problem under consideration

While reading articles published in refereed journals about her research topic, Georgia repeatedly comes across references to a series of studies by one particular researcher. She’s unable to find those references in the collections of her university library. Her best plan of action would be to:

put in a request through the library loan program

Shar has read only about 20 refereed articles that relate to her primary research topic, but she’s finding that they tend to focus on the same basic patterns and arguments. Her best plan of action at this point is to:

reconsider her search terms and look more broadly for additional research aricles

The best way to organize a review of the literature is:

Thematically, with an emphasis on how the literature relates to your question

While reading and taking notes on research in her area of interest, Dana wrote down quotations from each article, along with the page numbers. As she begins to synthesize the information and write her literature review, her best strategy is to:

summarize the main points in her own words and include relevant citations to the original work

What does not necessarily characterize data?

Charlotte, an anthropologist, has been living in an Incan village for three years. During that time Charlotte has become expert in Incan weaving by observing and imitating the master weavers in the community. When Charlotte was observing, she was collecting:

Charlotte wrote a book about her experience as an anthropologist living in an Incan village for three years and becoming an expert weaver. Her book was widely read by other anthropologists, including Mira, who is an expert in Navaho weaving. For Mira, Charlotte’s book constitutes:

Dr. Davenport wants to conduct a study of whether high-school students learn more efficiently while seated at a desk compared to in an easy chair. She knows there is a large research literature regarding similar influences on learning, and she wants to see if the findings hold true with a group of high school history students. Moreover, as a researcher she is uneasy with a lack of structure. You recommend that Dr. Davenport conduct a ______ study.

Dr. Greenhill wants to know how it is that some early adolescents come to make a connection between their personal lifestyle and environmental problems, while others don’t. Furthermore, among those who see the connection, why do some become committed to environmentalism while others do not? Dr. Greenwald looks forward to probing the thoughts of young teens on these issues and trying to see the questions and issues through “14-year-old eyes.” You recommend that Dr. Greenhill conduct a ______ study.

Replications in experimental research are generally conducted to facilitate

Marcy s concerned that her findings may be due to an extraneous uncontrolled variable and not her treatment. Marcy is most concerned with:

When a qualitative researcher asks the participants, “Do the conclusions I’ve drawn make sense to you” the researcher is evaluating:

the trustworthiness of the study

an ordinal scale of measurement:

communicates greater than and less than relationships

an interval scale of measurement:

incorporates equal units of measurement

The main difference between an interval and a ratio scale is that only one of them:

includes an absolute zero

Professor Harris is constructing a demographic questionnaire for use in a research project. One question asks students to report how politically conservative they are. It includes a 7-point scale where 1 is “not at all conservative” and 7 is “extremely conservative.” This is an example of a/an:

Professor Harris is constructing a demographic questionnaire for use in a research project. One question asks students to report their highest level of education by choosing from these options: “some high school,” “completed high school,” “some college,” or “completed 4-year college degree.” This is an example of a/an:

Professor Wellman is constructing a demographic questionnaire for use in a research project. One question asks students to report whether they are currently living in an “urban,” “suburban,” or “rural” setting. This is an example of a/an:

Sean, a high school wrestler, has agreed to participate in a study of cardiovascular conditioning. He is left somewhat confused when, at the first research session, he is asked to complete a questionnaire about commonly purchased grocery items. Sean’s confusion indicates a lack of ______ regarding the task.

A researcher decides to use a high school sample to test the relationship between her new measure of empathy and a well-established measure of interpersonal sensitivity. She finds that the two instruments are highly related, which supports the ______ of the new instrument.

A researcher designed a new questionnaire to measure political conservatism. To test out his new instrument, he asks people leaving their polling place on election day to report their degree of political conservatism on a scale of 1 (low) to 10 (high) and then complete his questionnaire. Results show that people who identified themselves as political conservatives also had the highest scores on his questionnaire. This is an indication of the ______ of the new instrument.

Dick and Jane are studying aggression among preschool children. Separately, they each watch a videotape of four children interacting in a playroom and then rate each child on the level of aggression displayed during the play session. They compare their completed ratings and are pleased to note they are highly similar. This is an example of ______ reliability.

Dr. Drive is testing a 10-question measure of achievement motivation. He notes that if his respondents agree with the first question, they tend to also agree with the other nine. Likewise, if his respondents disagree with the first question, they tend of disagree with the other nine. This is an indication of good ______ reliability.

Professor Pickle is studying civic-mindedness among senior citizens. She administers a survey of civic mindedness to a senior citizens group in early April, then again in early May. By comparing the two sets of scores, the professor can assess the ______ reliability of her measure of civic-mindedness.

What is not a technique for strengthening the internal validity of a study?

make participants fully aware of your expected findings

what is not a technique for strengthening the external validity of a study

assure that you have a representative sample

what is not a technique for strengthening the credibility of a qualitative study?

Exclude participants who have experiences or opinions that are very different from those of others in the study

The requirement to keep information provided by research participants confidential applies:

to all persons under almost all conditions

The primary role of the IRB is to:

ensure that research participants are protected from harm and invasion of privacy

Sara conducted a study in her sixth grade classroom. The study focused on students’ interests in science classes. Sara shared what individual students said about their interest in science with the seventh-grade teachers to help place students in next years’ classes. Was Sara’s sharing this information in accordance with ethical research practices?

In this case, it was unethical to share students' data since that information was confidential

According to the textbook, the most effective research proposals:

are detailed and straightforward explanations of the research problem and methodology

A proposal for a quantitative study typically begins with

a statement of the problem and its setting.

Farhat is interested in the reading practices of Turkish families. He needs to prepare a research proposal for the Ministry of Education to be able to conduct the study. Which of the following is NOT likely part of his shared plan?

An analysis of data he has already collected

Sophie is preparing a qualitative research plan for her study that explores the stories of young cancer survivors. Of the following, which is Sophie likely to include in her plan?

A section that demonstrates relevance of the study

Amida recognizes that there are limitations to her proposed research study that explores students’ opinions about campus mental health resources. As she writes her plan where will she share these limitations?

The first section where she describes the problem and setting

In regard to the style you will use for headings and subheadings in the research proposal:

disciplines often dictate the use of specific formal styles, so you must find out what the expectations are

experienced writers of research proposals typically 

plan to make revisions to the first draft of the proposal 

When writing the proposal, you should assume that the reader:

knows nothing about the proposed project, so all the details must be thoroughly explained

When explaining how the data are to be analyzed and interpreted:

it is best to be as detailed as possible so all contingencies related to analysis and interpretation can be anticipated

What is not an element in the proposal revision process

avoid breaks of 24 hours or more as the material will get too "cold" in your mind

of the following research topics, which is most likely to be an observational study?

The types of exercise students engage in after school

Correlational research allows the researcher to answer questions such as:

what is the relationship between Variable A and Variable B

which of the following is an example of a good research question for a correlational study?

is there a relationship between student achievement and homework completion?

A researcher wishes to study developmental changes in people’s preference for action movies. The researcher locates 50 people at each of the following ages: 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 years. She asks them to rate their preference for action movies in relation to other sorts of movies. This is an example of which type of design?

A researcher wishes to study developmental changes in the music people prefer to listen to. The researcher locates 50 people who are about 20 years old. She sends these people a questionnaire every year for the next 10 years asking about the types of music they prefer to listen to. This is an example of which type of design?

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a cohort-sequential design?

Don studies high school seniors’ concerns about world events during their post-secondary experiences. He surveys the entire senior class state-wide. He surveys them again every year for eight years.

Among survey methods, _____ generally generate the highest response rate.

Advantages of questionnaires include all of the following except:

because questions are in written form, they are less likely to be misunderstood by respondents.

Regarding the length of questionnaires to be used in survey research, which of the following statements is most accurate?

keeping the survey short makes it more likely people will be willing to complete it.

how unhappy are you with your current salary?
this question violates which rule of good survey writing?

it makes an unwarranted assumption

The typical return rate for a survey mailed to strangers is about:

Angeline is conducting an observational study of aggression on the playground. She is especially interested in whether boys are reprimanded more than girls for aggressive actions. The best instrument for her to use to collect her data would be:

Geoffrey is conducting a descriptive study focused on women’s rights. As part of his project, he reviews articles published in U.S. newspapers between 1850 and 1940. The best instrument for him to use would be:

Polly Petunia is Chief Horticulturalist for the Southwest region, encompassing Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. She wants to survey amateur gardeners in her region to determine what, if any, water conservation practices they employ in their home gardening. Polly sends her survey to 150 randomly selected gardeners in each state. Polly is using:

stratified random sampling

Paul Pollster, a political psychologist, wants to determine whether rates of voter participation in his home state vary between rural, urban, and suburban voters. He notes that there are more rural voters than suburban or urban voters in the state. Paul should use ______ in this study.

proportional stratified sampling

Simon Cinema wants to know what the audience thought of tonight’s advanced screening of a heralded psychological thriller called “I Can’t Sleep.” He and his research assistants stand outside the theatre exit and ask every fifth person leaving the theatre to answer several questions about their impression of the movie. Simon is using:

Danny Drive wants to know the relationship between intrinsic motivation and course grade among math students. He contacts a local professor who teaches several general education math classes and asks about the possibility of gathering data in her classes. Danny is using

Edward Ethics is studying public opinion regarding prayer in public schools. He plans to gather survey data from a number of churches on Sunday mornings. He also wants to include a number of people who are not associated with an organized religion in his sample. Edward is using:

Graham recruited student volunteers to participate in his dissertation study. He set up several times for students to come to a specified classroom and read various types of instructional materials and to be tested. He ran all of his control conditions first and then for each session he placed all students at the session in the same treatment condition. This is problematic because those who volunteered early are likely different than those who volunteered later. This problem is primarily due to

Jody is interested in studying home schooling because she thinks that students who are home-schooled can’t develop appropriate social skills. As part of her study she will be observing home-schooled children in social settings. Jody’s planned study is particularly susceptible to

Rori is observing elite marching bands as part of her dissertation study. She is particularly interested in drum major leadership styles and behaviour. She has found that the drum major at her current research site is very interested in showing off for her. This is an example of

in experimental design, the variable that is manipulated is the:

"There will be gender differences in the degree if mood elevation seen in depressed clients after receiving cognitive-behavioural therapy." In this hypothesis, gender is the:

"There will be differences in degree of mood elevation seen in depressed clients after receiving either cognitive-behavioural therapy." In this hypothesis, mood elevation is the:

“There will be differences in degree of mood elevation seen in depressed clients after receiving either cognitive-behavioural or psychoanalytic therapy.” During a test of this hypothesis, it was discovered that some of the participants lived with family members and others lived alone. This variable, living situation, is a/an _____.

Dr. Dow Jones wants to know whether a problem-based approach to teaching economics will result in higher academic performance than his traditional method. Of the six sections of Economics 101 at his university, Dr. Jones randomly assigns three sections to the traditional method and three sections to the problem-based method. At the end of the semester, all students complete the same final exam. In this design, students studying under the traditional method constitute the:

Dr. Dow Jones wants to know whether a problem-based approach to teaching economics will result in higher academic performance than his traditional method. Of the six sections of Economics 101 at his university, Dr. Jones randomly assigns three sections to the traditional method and three sections to the problem-based method. At the end of semester all students complete the same final exam. In this design, students studying under the problem-based method constitute the:

In Katia’s remedial mathematics study, she collected pretest data from a group of participants. She divided the participants into three groups. One group received no treatment, one group received instruction by a teacher-delivered intervention, one group received peer tutoring on the same problems. After the intervention she tested their math skills. With which validity threat should Katia be most concerned?

Russell’s study compared GPA of those students who volunteered for academic study skills training and those who did not elect to take the training. He found that those who had the training also had higher GPA. With which validity threat should Russell be most concerned?

Dr. Dow Jones wants to know whether a problem-based approach to teaching economics will result in higher academic performance than his traditional method. Of the six sections of Economics 101 at his university, Dr. Jones randomly assigns three sections to the traditional method and three sections to the problem-based method for Unit 1 of the course. Then all sections switch instructional method for Unit 2. He plans to compare the performance of the two groups of sections on their Unit 1 and Unit 2 exams. The design of this study is:

Within subjects (repeated measures)

Penny Poodle wanted to know which dog obedience training program was more effective: Puppy Pride, the approach she has been using for any years, or Doggie Do-Right, a new approach. Penny convinced 50 human companions of untrained dogs to participate in her study. The dogs and their humans were randomly assigned to complete the Puppy Pride or Doggie Do-Right course. At the end of the training programs, all of the dogs were scored on their level of obedience on a standardized dog obedience checklist (scores could range from 10 to 100). The design of this study is:

posttest-only control-group design

Dr. Robbins wants to know if there are different opinions regarding the value of public school education between Native Americans who have at least one relative who attended Indian Boarding School and Native Americans who have no family experience with Indian Boarding School. Dr. Robbins contacts 35 Native American participants in each group. He wants each group to include younger as well as older adults, and a mix of male and female participants. He asks each person to complete a survey about their attitudes toward public education. The design of this study is:

PJ conducts an experimental study on the effects of soft music during high stakes science testing. He randomly assigns students at the school. In one condition he does not provide music for testing while in the other group he does provide the music. He administers a pretest at the beginning of the year and a posttest at the end of the year. PJ’s design is best described as a:

pretest-posttest control group design

As a secondary mathematics teacher, Hernandez conducted a study that explored whether giving children recess prior to testing helped their test performance. For one of the semesters, he sends half of his classes out for 10 minutes of recess prior to testing for the other half, he provides 10 minutes of free time after the test. Which of the following best represents the design of Hernandez’s study?

Millie is using a behavior checklist strategy as well as a prompted praise strategy when working with her second grade behaviour disordered student, Kent. She uses both strategies within the same day going back and forth randomly between the two approaches, while recording his on-task behaviour. Which of the following designs is Millie employing?

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies a multiple-baseline design?

Mr. Matthews, the school psychologist, is called by the third-grade teacher because one of the students, Seamus, has been referred for a new behavioural intervention plan, in which the teacher uses nonverbal signals as a positive consequence when Seamus engages in appropriate behaviour. Mr. Matthews observes Seamus’s behaviour in the regular classroom and in Art and Music class. He records off-task behaviour, calling out, and touching others for eight days.

Kathy trains nurses. She designed a new assertive communication unit to include in her training. She administers a pretest and then randomly assigns nurses to her treatment or a control condition. She tests their communication skills after the treatment. She sees significant differences at immediate testing but after eight weeks she retests the nurses and finds no differences between her treatment and control students. Which of the following best represents the design of Kathy’s study?

pretest-posttest control group

The primary difference between the Solomon four-group design and the two-factor experimental design is that ONLY the two-factor experimental design:

includes two different treatments

A meta-analysis is used when:

the researcher wishes to analyze the analyses of a number of existing studies.

How are inferential statistics different from descriptive statistics?

Inferential statistics allow one to draw inferences from the sample to a target population

characteristics of samples are know as:

Characteristics of populations are known as:

Marialexa conducts an economic study and asks her participants to provide information about their family incomes. First, they are asked to check one box from a list of three, indicating whether they consider themselves low-income, middle-income, or high-income. She refers to this as the self-identification variable. Then, they are asked (if they are willing) to provide their annual income in dollars. She refers to this as the dollar-figure variable. The study is both confidential and anonymous, and most people answer both questions. Which of the following statements accurately describes Marialexa’s dependent variables?`

The self-identification variable is discrete and the dollar-figure variable is continuous

Marialexa conducts an economic study and asks her participants to provide information about their family incomes. First, they are asked to check one box from a list of three, indicating whether they consider themselves low-income, middle-income, or high-income. She refers to this as the self-identification variable. Then, they are asked (if they are willing) to provide their annual income in dollars. She refers to this as the dollar-figure variable. The study is both confidential and anonymous, and most people answer both questions. Which of the following statements accurately describes the data Marialexa collects?

The self-identification data are ordinal data and the dollar-figure data are ratio data

In a normal distribution, approximately what percentage of scores falls between one standard deviation below the mean and one standard deviation above the mean?

A distribution of scores that is positively skewed will have a small number of scores that

Here is a set of scores: 5,3,7,3,6,2,5,3. The mean of this set of scores is:

Here is a set of scores: 5,3,7,3,6,2,5,3. The median of this set of scores is:

Here is a set of scores: 5,3,7,3,6,2,5,3. the mode of this set of scores is:

The measure(s) of central tendency that is/are appropriate for use with nominal data is/are:

When summarizing ordinal data, the most useful measure of central tendency is the:

When reporting growth data, the most useful measure of central tendency is the: 

When the median is the measure of central tendency, the _____ is the most appropriate and informative measure of dispersion.

An exam was given to two sections of the same course. In Section 1, the exam mean was 51 and the standard deviation was 7. In Section 2, the exam mean was 51 and the standard deviation was 13. Which of the following conclusions is accurate?

Section 1 scores where less variable than Section 2

The z-score, or standard score, allows the research to determine:

how for a target individual's score is from the group mean

The percentile rank allows the researcher to determine:

what percentage of individuals in the sample scored below the target individual

Danzell is a purchasing agent for a major grocery store chain. He has noticed over the years that the higher the outdoor temperature, the more likely people are to buy fresh fruit. Based on Danzell’s observations, we would say the correlation between outdoor temperature and buying of fresh fruit is:

Frank Fitness found a correlation coefficient of –.74 between hours of strenuous exercise each week and a standard measure of body mass. He interprets this to mean that there is a:

Strong, negative correlation between hours of strenuous exercise and body mass

Three of the following factors are associated with a relatively small standard error of the mean. which is not

The variance in the sample is relatively large

Seamus has determined that there is a 95% chance that the number of people visiting the Blarney Stone in the mouth of June will be between 1,760 and 2,025. That is:

Statistical hypothesis testing involves testing the:

On the basis of statistical findings, Ron determines that the differences between males and females on a test of spatial reasoning are not due merely to chance. If, in fact, there are no gender differences in the population, Ron will have made a:

On the basis of statistical findings, Becky determines that the difference between males and females on a test of abstract mathematical reasoning is merely due to chance. If, in fact, there are gender differences in the population, Becky will have made a:

Researchers do not want to make a Type II error, because if their study has an effect, they want to be able to find it. Thus, they make their studies as powerful as they can. Of the following, the best way to increase the power of a study is to:

when conducting a meta-analysis, a researcher will typically:

compare the effect sizes for a set of independent studies on a single topic

Qualitative research often involves what’s known as an iterative process for data collection and analysis. This terminology refers to the fact that, in qualitative research:

researchers may collect and analyze data, then collect and analyze some more data

In qualitative research, the fact that the research methodology may be vaguely described or very general in nature at the outset of the study indicates:

a normal and acceptable practice

In this type of study design, a body of material is systematically examined for patterns, themes, or biases.

In this type of study design, a particular group of individuals is studied in depth over a defined period of time.

In this type of study design, the researcher studies the deep meaning an event or situation holds for other people.

In this type of study design, a particular individual, program, or event is studied in depth over a defined period of time. 

Carl Compost has been living and working on a communal organic farm for the past six months. He wants to understand the political, environmental, and social perspectives shared by the members of the commune. Dr. Compost is probably employing which of the following qualitative research designs?

Daniel Daring is an emerging playwright whose works have begun to stir great passions in the major U.S. cities where they are staged. Researcher Eugenia Edge is “shadowing” Mr. Daring for six months in an attempt to understand the artistic process. Dr. Edge is probably employing which of the following qualitative research designs?

Helen Heartwell flew to New York City a few weeks after the September 11, 2001, bombing of the World Trade Center. She wanted to know how the victims of the attack were making sense of what had happened to them. Dr. Heartwell is probably employing which of the following qualitative research designs?

What kind of reasoning uses a few specific observations to produce a general hypothesis?

What kind of reasoning uses a few specific observations to produce a statement about a larger possible set of observations quizlet?

What kind of reasoning uses a general statement to make conclusions about specific examples?

What type of reasoning is used to make predictions based on a hypothesis?