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What emphasized the ways our unconscious mind and childhood experiences affect our behavior?

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What emphasized the ways our unconscious mind and childhood experiences affect our behavior?

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TermDefinition
Wilhelm Wundt "father of psychology", established the first psych lab at the University of Leipzig, Germany, sought to measure "atoms of the mind" (fastest and simplest mental processes)
G. Stanley Hall American psychologist, established the first psych research lab in the U.S., founded the American Psychological Association (APA)
Edward Titchener introduced the idea of structuralism, aimed to discover the structural elements of the mind, engaged people in self-reflection (unreliable since it varies for each person)
structuralism early school thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind
William James assumed that thinking developed because it was adaptive-it contributed to our ancestors' survival, (functionalist) encouraged exploration of emotions, memories, habits, etc.
Charles Darwin English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882)
functionalism a school of thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin; explored how mental/behavioral processes function (how they enable the organism to adapt, survive and flourish)
Mary Whiton Calkins James tutored her privately as the only woman to study psychology; became a pioneering memory researcher and the first woman to be the president of the APA
Margaret Floy Washburn the first official woman to receive a psych Ph.D.; synthesized animal behavior research in her book, The Animal Mind
Sigmund Freud emphasized the ways emotional responses to childhood experiences and unconscious thought processes affect our behavior
John B. Watson emphasized on external behaviors of people and their reactions on a given situation; famous for Little Albert study in which a baby was taught to fear a white rat because of a loud noise associated with the rat (behaviorism)
B.F. Skinner behaviorist that developed the theory of operant conditioning by training pigeons and rats, studied how consequences shaped behavior
behaviorists people who believed that psychology should be an objective science (many psychologists today agree) AND that studies behavior without referring to mental processes
freudian psychology emphasized the ways our unconscious thought processes and our emotional responses to childhood experiences affect our behavior
psychodynamic approach updated version of freudian psychology, emphasizes unconscious thought processes
humanistic psychologists emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual's potential for personal growth
Carl Rogers humanistic; self-concept and unconditional positive regard drive personality, drew attention to ways that environmental influences can nurture or limit our growth potential
Abraham Maslow humanistic; hierarchy of needs (needs at a lower level dominate an individual's motivation as long as they are unsatisfied; self-actualization, trascendence
cognitive psychology the scientific study of all the mental activitiews associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
empiricism the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation
introspection looking inward
experimental psychologists studying behavior and thinking using the experiemental method
cognitive neuroscience the study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)
psychology the science of behavior and mental processes
behavior anything an organism does, any action you can observe/record (yelling, smiling, blinking, sweating)
mental processes internal, subjective experiences we infer from behavior (sensations, perceptions, dreams, thoughts, feelings, etc.)
Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning; trained dogs to salivate at the ringing of a bell
Jean Piaget known for his theory of cognitive development in children
nature vs. nuture the controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors; modern scientists say it's a mixture of both
levels of analysis the differing complementary views, from bioogical to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon
biopsychosocial approach an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis
behavioral psychology the study of observable behavior and its explanation by principles of learning
biological psychology the study of the links between biological and psychological processes
evolutionary psychology the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind using principles of natural selection
humanistic psychology focused on how we meet our needs for love and acceptance, how we want self-achievement
psychodynamic psychology studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders
social-cultural psychology the study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking
psychometrics the study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits
basic research pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base
biological psychologists focused on how the body and brain enable emotions and memories, and how genes and the environment influence differences
developmental psychologists study physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span
cognitive psychologists experiement with how we perceive, think, and solve problems
educational psychologists study how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning
personality psychologists study an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
social psychologists study how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
applied research scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
industrial-organizational psychologists apply psychological concepts and methods to optimize human behavior in workplaces
human factors psychologists explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use
counseling psychologists assist people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being
clinical psychologists studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders
psychiatrists deals with psychological disorders; practied by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy
community psychologists studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups
Dorothea Dix rights activist on behalf of mentally ill patients, created first wave of U.S. mental asylums
Martin Seligman conducted experiments with dogs that led to the concept of "learned helplessness"
positive psychology the study of human functioning with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive


How does the unconscious mind affect our behavior?

Our unconscious mind may not only nudge us to choose a particular option, but it may help muster the necessary motivation to actually achieve it. Psychologists have long known that people given power in a social science experiment often exhibit selfish and corrupt behavior, putting personal interests first.

What theory emphasizes the unconscious?

psychoanalysis, method of treating mental disorders, shaped by psychoanalytic theory, which emphasizes unconscious mental processes and is sometimes described as “depth psychology.” The psychoanalytic movement originated in the clinical observations and formulations of Austrian psychiatrist Sigmund Freud, who coined ...

Who emphasized the role of the unconscious in affecting behavior?

Psychology Perspectives Hunt.

What is the unconscious mind in Freud's theory?

In Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality, the unconscious mind is defined as a reservoir of feelings, thoughts, urges, and memories that outside of conscious awareness.

emphasized ways unconscious mind childhood experiences affect behavior Freudian psychology Humanistic psychology

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