What do you call to the two lines that run parallel or nearly parallel diverge and surround the pattern area?

(Last Updated On: December 18, 2021)

What do you call to the two lines that run parallel or nearly parallel diverge and surround the pattern area?

This is the Criminology Reviewer 2021, Multiple Choice Questions in Criminalistics Part 2 as one coverage of Licensure Examinations for Criminologist. The examination is divided into six subjects. First is the Criminal Jurisprudence and Procedure, 20%. Second,  Law Enforcement Administration, 20%. Third,  Crime Detection and Investigation, 15%. Fourth, Criminalistics, 20%. Fifth, Correctional Administration, 10%. Lastly, Criminal Sociology, 15% for a total of 100%. I assume you are looking for a reviewer that will help you achieve your goal to become a professional License Criminologist very soon. Yes, you are in the right place to make your dream come true. Make sure to familiarize each and every questions to increase the chance of passing the Licensure Examinations for Criminologist.

PRC BOARD OF CRIMINOLOGY SYLLABI 2021

1. Criminal Jurisprudence and Procedure – 20%

  • Introduction to Philippine Criminal Justice System
  • Human Rights Education
  • Criminal Law Book 1
  • Criminal law Book 2
  • Criminal Procedure
  • Evidence
  • Court Testimony
  • Related Special Penal Laws

2. Law Enforcement Administration – 20%

  • Comparative Models in Policing,
  • Introduction to Industrial Security Concepts
  • Law Enforcement Operations and Planning with Crime Mapping

3. Crime Detection and Investigation – 15%

  • Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation with
    Intelligence
  • Specialized Crime Investigation 1
    with Legal Medicine
  • Specialized Crime Investigation with Simulation on Investigation
    and Interview
  • Traffic Management and Accident Investigation with Driving
  • Technical English 1 (Investigative Report Writing and Presentation)
  • Fire Protection and Arson Investigation
  • Vice and Drug Education and Control
  • Technical English 2 (Legal Forms)
  • Introduction to Cybercrime and Environmental Laws and Protection

4. Criminalistics – 20%

  • Forensic Photography
  • Personal Identification Techniques
  • Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology
  • Questioned Documents Examination
  • Lie Detection Techniques
  • Forensic Ballistics

5. Correctional Administration – 10%

  • Institutional Corrections
  • Non-Institutional Corrections
  • Therapeutic Modalities

6. Criminal Sociology – 15%

  • Introduction to Criminology
  • Theories of Crime Causation
  • Human Behavior and Victimology
  • Professional Conduct and Ethical Standard
  • Juvenile Delinquency and Juvenile Justice System
  • Dispute Resolution and Crises/Incidents Management
  • Criminological Research 1 (Research methods with Applied Statistics)

Source: RA No. 11131 “The Philippine Criminology Profession Act of 2018” | Professional Regulatory Board of Criminology Resolution No. 01 Series of 2021

Continue Practice Exam Test Questions Part 2 of the Series

⇐ MCQ in Criminalistics Part 1 | Licensure Exam for Criminologist

Choose the letter of the best answer in each questions.

51.  The inner terminus of the fingerprint pattern.

a.    Delta

b.    Core

c.    Ridges

d.   Pores

View Answer:

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

52. The Secondary Classification of the Thumb, Middle, Ring and Little fingers must be written in small letters.

a     True

b.    False

c.   Partially True

d.    Partially False

View Answer:

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

53. There are three (3) principles of Fingerprint science. Which among the following is not included?

a.    Principle of Individuality

b.    Principle of Permanency

c.    Principle of Infallibility

d.    Principle of Uniqueness

View Answer:

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

54.  He is a notorious gangster and a police character who attempted to erase his fingerprint by burning it with acid.

a    Locard

b.    William West

c.    Will West

d.    John Dillinger

View Answer:

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

55.  What objects appear as tiny black lines with tiny white dots (called pores) in an inked finger impression?

a.    Pores

b.    Sweat

c.    Furrows

d.    Ridges

View Answer:

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

56.  What do you call the separating or spreading apart of two ridges that were previously running side by side?

a.    Disjunction

b.     Divergence

c.    Convergence

d.     Looping

View Answer:

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

57.  What kind of pattern has two deltas in which at least one ridge makes a turn  through one complete circuit?

a.    Loop

b.    Accidental Whorl

c.    Arch

d.    Plain whorl

View Answer:

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

58.  What is the scientific examination of the prints of the soles of the feet?

a.    Podoscopy

b.    Horoscopy

c.    Chiroscopy

d.    Flouroscopy

View Answer:

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

59.  When the innermost sufficient recurve contains an uneven number of rods rising as high as the shoulders of the loop, the core is placed upon the end of the center rod whether it touches the looping ridge or not.

a.   True

b.    False

c.    Partially True

d.    Partially False

View Answer:

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

60.  Fingerprint pattern are as all fingerprint experts agree.

a.   Always inherited

b.    Sometimes inherited

c.    Inherited as mendelian characteristics

d.    Never Inherited

View Answer:

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

61.  It is done by cutting on various parts of the body and leaving scars to form elaborate designs.

a.     Tattoo

b.     Scarcification

c.     Personal Description

d.    Anthropometry

View Answer:

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

62.  A system of identification based on the measurements of the varioys bony structure of the human body.

a.    Tattoo

b.    Scarcification

c.     Personal Description

d.    Anthropometry

View Answer:

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

63.  Fingerprints offer a means of personal identification

a.    Infallible

b.    Reliable

c.     Dependable

d.    All of these

View Answer:

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

64.  No two fingerprints have ever been found alike in many billions of human and automated computer comparisons.

a.    The   statement is true

b.    The statement is false

c.     Possibly True

d.    Possibly false

View Answer:

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

65.  The first forensic professional organization is

a     DNA

b.    IAI

c.     FBI

d.    NBI

View Answer:

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

66.  When there are two or more possible Delta which conform to the definition,  the one  nearest to the core is chosen.

a.    True

b.    False

c.     Partially true

d.     Partially false

View Answer:

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

67.  The Delta is placed upon or within the innermost sufficient  recurve.

a.    True

b.    False

c.    Partially True

d.    Partially False

View Answer:

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

68.  Other visible human characteristics change-fingerprint do no.

a.    True

b.    False

c.     Probably true

d.     Probably false

View Answer:

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

69.  He devised the anthropometric system of identification.

a.    Alphonse Berthillon

b.    Alphense  Bertillion

c.    Will West

d.   William West

View Answer:

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

70.  In his Philosophical Transaction”, he presented his observation on the appearance of the ridges on the fingers and palms.

a.   Dr.  Marcelo  Malpighi

b.    Govard  Bidloo

c.    Sir Francis Galton

d.    Dr. Nehemiah Grew

View Answer:

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

71.  Govard  Biloo presented the appearance and  arrangement of the  ridges on a thumb in  his thesis entitled ______.

a.    De externo Tactus Organo

b.    Philosophical Transaction

c.     Anatomia  Humanis Corporis

d.    None of these

View Answer:

Answer: Option C

Explanation:

72.  He described the ridges found on the palmar surface of the hand and the pores which served as the mouth of the sweat glands.

a.   J.C.A.  Mayer

b.   Herman Welcker

c.    Dr.  Marcelo Malpighi

d.    Govard  Bidloo

View Answer:

Answer: Option C

Explanation:

73.  He is the father of Criminalistics.

a.    Dr. Marcelo Malpighi

b.    Govard  Bidloo

c.     Sir Francis Galton

d.    Hans Gross

View Answer:

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

74.  It is the approximate center of a fingerprint pattern usually found in loops and whorls

a.    Delta

b.     Core

c.    Type line

d.    Bifurcation

View Answer:

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

75.  When there is a choice between  a bifurcation and  another type of delta,  the bifurcation is selected.

a.    True

b.    False

c.     Maybe

d.    Partially True

View Answer:

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

76.  It is the reproduction on some smooth surfaces of the pattern or design formed  by ridges  on the inside of the end joint of the fingers and  thumb.

a.   Ridges

b.    Pores

c.     Fingerprint

d.    DNA

View Answer:

Answer: Option C

Explanation:

77.  This principle states that there are no two fingerprints which are exactly  alike.

a.     Principle of Individuality

b.    Principle of Permanency

c.     Principle of Infallibility

d.    Principle of Constancy

View Answer:

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

78.  Damage to the dermis will not result to permanent ridge destruction.

a.   True

b.    False

c.    Possibly True

d.    Possibly False

View Answer:

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

79.  There are families of fingerprint pattern.

a.    Two

b.    Three

c.    Eight

d.    Four

View Answer:

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

80.  This are raised strips of the skin on the inside of the end joint of our fingers and thumbs by which fingerprints are made.

a     Papillary Ridges

b.    Friction Ridges

c.    Epidermal Ridges

d.    All of these

View Answer:

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

81. The following are families of fingerprint pattern except

a.    Whorl

b.    Loop

c.    Arch

d.    Accidental

View Answer:

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

82.   Can fingerprint be erased?

a.   Yes

b.   No

c.   Maybe

d.   I don’t know

View Answer:

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

83.  The outer terminus in the pattern arca.

a.    Delta

b.    Core

c.   Bifurcation

d.   Ridges

View Answer:

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

84.  In loop the ridges are usually circular.

a.    True

b.    False

c.    Partially True

d.    Partially False

View Answer:

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

85.  The science of palm print identification.

a.    Dactyloscopy

b.    Dactylography

c.    Chiroscopy

d.    Podoscopy

View Answer:

Answer: Option C

Explanation:

86.  The symbol for accidental whorl is

a.    Z

b.    X

c.    C

d.   D

View Answer:

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

87.  It is that part of a loop or whorl in which the core and delta appear which  we are concerned in the classification process.

a.   Type lines

b.    Pattern Area

c.    Bifurcation

d.    Delta

View Answer:

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

88.  There are five (5) types of patterns in the Whorl Family.

a.    True

b.     False

c.     Partially True

d.     Partially false

View Answer:

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

89.  The upper ten impressions in the fingerprint card are taken individually. These are referred to as the

a.    Rolled impression

b.    Plain Impression

c.    Slapped Impression

d.    Flat Impression

View Answer:

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

90.  These are the innermost ridges running parallel or nearly parallel to each other which diverge and surround or tend  to surround the pattern area.

a.    Bifurcation

b.    Type Lines

c.     Pattern Area

d.    Core

View Answer:

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

91. This is the impressions at the bottom of the card that are taken simultaneously without rolling, printing all the fingers of each hand at a forty-five-degree angle and then the thumbs.

a.    Rolled Impression

b.    Slapped Impression

c.     Flat Impression

d.     B & C

View Answer:

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

92.  In taking fingerprints, the technician must encourage the subject being fingerprinted to relax.

a.    True

b.   False

c.   Partially True

d.   Partially False

View Answer:

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

94. The outer terminus of a fingerprint pattern usually found in loops and whorls.

a.    Core

b.     Delta

c.     Ridges

d.    Type lines

View Answer:

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

95.  The delta must be located in from of the point of divergence of the two type lines which open towards the Delta.

a.    True

b.    False

c.    Possibly True

d.    Possibly False

View Answer:

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

96.  In this pattern, the ridges enter from either side, re-curve and pass out or tend to pass out the same side they entered.

a.     Loop

b.    Whorl

c.    Arch

d.    Tented Arch

View Answer:

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

97.  In order to take advantage of the natural movement of the forearm, the hand  should  be rotated  from the more difficult position  to the easiest position.

a.     True

b.    False

c.     Partially True

d.    Partially False

View Answer:

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

98.  It is a type of fingerprint pattern which possesses either an angle  or up thrust, or two of the three basic characteristics of the loop.

a.    Plain Arch

b.    Tented Arch

c.    Ulnar Loop

d.   Radial Loop

View Answer:

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

99.  It is the Ridge counting of a Loop pattern that appears in the Index, Middle and Ring fingers of both hands.

a.    Key Classification

b.    Major Classification

c.    Final Classification

d.    Sub-Secondary Classification

View Answer:

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

100.      It refers to a bone condition wherein the finger joints cannot be bent.

a.    Ankylosis

b.    Chiroscopy

c.     Calcar

d.    Webb Finger

View Answer:

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

Questions and Answers in Criminalistics Series

Following is the list of practice exam test questions in this brand new series:

MCQ in Criminalistics Series | Licensure Exam for Criminologist

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What do you call to the two lines that run parallel or nearly parallel diverge and surround the pattern area?

Are two ridges which started parallel or nearly parallel diverges and surrounds the pattern area?

Type lines may be defined as the two innermost ridges which start parallel, diverge, and surround or tend to surround the pattern area.

What is a diverging Ridge?

Divergence - is the spreading a part of two ridges that have been running parallel or nearly parallel. Diverging ridges - diverging ridges are parallel for some distance but then swing out away from each other.

What fingerprint pattern have slope or downward flow?

Radial loops These loops are named after a bone in the forearm known as radius that joins the hand on the same side as the thumb. The flow of these loops runs in the direction of the radius bone i.e. the downward slope of the radial loop is from the little finger towards the thumb of the hand.

What do you call the inner terminus or focal point located at the center or the approximate center of the pattern area?

- Core is the innermost or central part or the heart of a pattern and the point of core also known as Inner terminus is a point in it. - The Core, as the name implies, is the approximate centre of the finger impression.