What different kinds of societies inhabited the Americas in the fifteenth century quizlet?

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Terms in this set (55)

Zheng He

known for going on 7 voyages and connecting China with other Asian civilizations

big men

clan leaders in Australia

The four major Islamic civilizations

Ottoman, Safavid, Songhay, and Mughal
known as "second flowerings of Islam"

firestick farming

the act of deliberately setting fires to clear the land and making hunting and plant growth easier

Chinookan, Tulalip, Skagit

American hunter-gatherer societies

Yoruba

ethnic group of Nigera

oba

kings in Yorubaland

Benin

small, highly centralized territorial state near Yoruba
ruled by warrior king

Ewuare

warrior king of Benin who conquered 201 towns in the process of creating the new state

Igbo

people east of the Niger River
known as a stateless society
Rejected kingship and statehood

maize-and-bean-farming

farming techniques used by the Iroquois in which maize and bean were harvested

Onondaga, Seneca, Cayuga, Oneida, and Mohawk

bands of native people originating in the 1300s in America. Known for their frequent warfare

Great Law of Peace

a political innovation that was created by five Iroquois people to settle differences.

Iroquois League of Five Nations

tried to get rid of blood feuds and tribal conflicts
based on Great Law of Peace

Timur

Turkic warrior who tried to restore the Mongol empire
Last great military success of nomadic people

Samarkand

a capital of Timur's state

Fulbe

African people who migrated east from Senegal River
Lived in small communities among agricultural peoples and payed taxes

Ottoman Empire

Founded in 1299 CE by the Turks in Anatolia
Following the Byzantine

caliph

"successor to the prophet"

sultans

Ottoman leaders
Muslim title meaning strength, authority, and leadership

Turkish terror

Europeans feared the Turks due to their rapid expansion

Safi-al-Din

founder of the Safavid empire

Safavid Empire

Followed Sasanid in Persia
Islam gained populatiry, in particular Shi'ite
1501-1736

Janissaries

a member of the Turkish infantry forming the Sultan's guard between the 14th and 19th centuries.

Sunni Ali

founder of the Songhay empire
"Caliph of the Land of the Blacks"

Mughal Empire

Islamic Turk empire in India
Governed non muslim population (Hindu)
1526-1857

Songhay empire

Islamic empire
Governed non Muslim population
1375-1591

Sufi

Islamic mystics

Aztec Empire

aka Mexica
In Mexico
Drew upon Toltecs and Teotihuacan
1428-1521

Inca Empire

aka Andes people
in Peru/Chile (Andes mtns)
Drew upon Chavin, Moche, Nazca, and Chimu
Quechua speakers
1438-1533

Tenochtitlan

capital of Mexica

Triple Alliance

between Mexica and two nearby city states
Strengthened military

Hernan Cortes

conquistador who defeated Aztecs

pochteca

professional Aztec merchants

Huitzilopochtli

patron deity in Aztec civilization

Tlacaelel

Aztec leader who is known for making human sacrifice so important in society

Nezahualcoyotl

poet and king

Florentine Codex

book that was complied by Spanish but illustrated by Aztec artists

Quechua

language spoken by Incas

quipu

record keeping system by tying knots

mita

labor system that included tributes
Used in Inca empire

Cuzco

capital of Inca

sapay

name for Incan ruler

Yap

Micronesian island that used canoes to travel and trade

"chosen women"

girls who were removed from homes at young age and trained in Incan civilization

Christopher Coumbus

Mariner who found America instead of Asia

seizure of Constantinople

1453
Last of the Crusades
Began Ottoman empire

Vasco de Gama

Portuugese explorer whose 1497-1498 voyage was the first European venture to teach India by circling tip of South Africa

Malacca

Muslim port city between Sumatra and Malaysia
"springboard for spread of syncretic Islam"

Ming dynasty

succeed the Yuan dynasty
wanted to return to traditional Chinese ways and restoration

paleolithic persistence

continuance of gathering and hunting societies in substantial areas of the world

chanampas

floating islands in Aztec empire

European Renaissance

rebirth of classical learning
rediscovery of Greek learning
Developments in art and growing secularism
Humanism

Timbuktu

big muslim city in Africa

Yongle

commissioned the fleet to spread awareness of Chinese superiority.

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What different kinds of societies inhabited the Americas in the fifteenth century quizlet?

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What different kinds of societies inhabited the Americans in the 15th century?

In the mid-fifteenth century, the powerful empires of the Aztecs and Incas dominated large areas of the Americas. There was no trade across the Atlantic Ocean at this stage. There were two ancient civilisations in cental and south America which the Spanish were particularly interested in.

In what different ways did the people of the 15th century interact with one another?

They interacted through webs of empire, large-scale political systems that brought together a variety of culturally different peoples; through webs of religion that linked far-flung peoples; and through long-established patterns of trade among peoples occupying different environments and producing different goods.

In what ways did European maritime voyaging in the 15th century differ from that of China?

The main difference between European and Chinese maritime voyaging was size. The European voyages consisted of 3-4 ships and carrying around 100 people, while Zheng He's Chinese fleet consisted of hundreds of ships carrying a crew in the thousands.

What kinds of changes were transforming the societies of the West African Igbo?

- The Igbo changed from having a matrilineal to patrilineal society. And traded actively exporting goods such as cotton cloth, fish, copper, and iron goods. - The Iroquois continued to have a matrilineal society where both men and women had roles of equal value in the culture.