Diagnosing hyperthyroidism starts with a complete medical history, followed by a physical exam. To confirm a diagnosis, your child’s doctor may: Graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in children and adolescents. The goal of treatment is to decrease the function of the
thyroid gland back to normal so that it produces a normal amount of thyroid hormone. There are three types of treatment for Graves disease:
Additional treatments for Graves disease may include medications to improve symptoms (like palpitations and anxiety), which can be used temporarily until thyroid hormone levels are brought down to normal by one of the three treatments above. Neonatal Graves diseaseNeonatal Graves disease is a temporary condition that lasts only until the mother’s thyroid-stimulating antibodies have been cleared from the baby’s circulation. Until the condition goes away, antithyroid drugs are used to control the baby’s overactive thyroid. With prompt treatment, babies usually recover completely within a few weeks. However, either hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism (low thyroid function) may occur later in the first year of life, so continued monitoring by a physician is important. Autonomous thyroid nodulesAutonomous thyroid nodules are usually benign. Their treatment depends on how much thyroid hormone they produce, and on whether this is causing symptoms of thyroid hormone excess.
Our approach to treating autonomous nodules is slightly different than that recommended by the American Thyroid Association, which recommends surgery for all autonomous nodules in children. Our approach is based on our extensive experience with this condition — which was published after the release of the American Thyroid Association guidelines — showing that with careful evaluation, some autonomous nodules can be managed safely without surgery. ThyroiditisHyperthyroidism caused by thyroiditis is usually temporary and goes away within eight to 12 weeks. Because we cannot make this hyperthyroidism go away any faster, treatment focuses on medications to control any symptoms (like palpitations and anxiety) until the condition goes away on its own. Sometimes, this type of hyperthyroidism is followed by a period of hypothyroidism (low thyroid function), so continued monitoring by a physician is important. How we care for hyperthyroidism at Boston Children’s HospitalOur Thyroid Center is one of the first and largest centers in the United States devoted exclusively to the care of children with thyroid disease. Our clinicians and staff are involved in numerous studies about the various aspects of thyroid disease and thyroid function in childhood. Our center is distinguished by our extensive experience in:
Which clinical manifestation is consistent with hyperthyroidism?The classic symptoms of hyperthyroidism include heat intolerance, tremor, palpitations, anxiety, weight loss despite a normal or increased appetite, increased frequency of bowel movements, and shortness of breath. Goiter is commonly found on physical examination.
What is the clinical basis for the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism?Blood tests that measure thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) can confirm the diagnosis. High levels of thyroxine and low or nonexistent amounts of TSH indicate an overactive thyroid. The amount of TSH is important because it's the hormone that signals your thyroid gland to produce more thyroxine.
Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of hypothyroidism?Overt hypothyroidism is associated with typical symptoms and signs such as the slowing of motor activity, constipation, cold intolerance, menorrhagia, stiff muscles, sleep apnea, dry skin, weight gain, snoring, and a hoarse voice.
Which clinical manifestations would the nurse assess in a patient with hypothyroidism?People with hypothyroidism experience a slowing of metabolic processes, which can result in fatigue, slow speech, constipation, cold intolerance, weight gain, bradycardia, and decreased deep tendon reflexes. One study showed the most common symptoms are tiredness, dry skin, and shortness of breath.
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What clinical manifestations does the nurse recognize would be associated with a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism?
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