What are representations in the mind that resemble the object or event being represented?

Module 21:-Thinking-Manipulation of mental representations of information (representation couldtake the form of a word, visual image, a sound, or data in any other sensory modalitystored in memory)- thinking transforms a particular representation of information into newand different forms, letting u answer questions, solve problems, and reach goals- Although an exact sense of what specially occurs when we think is unclear,we begin by considering our use of mental images and concepts, thebuildingblocks of though- Mental images-Representations in the mind that resemble the object or event beingrepresented (not just visual but also the ability to “hear” a tune)- Mental images are a major part of thinking- Mental images have a lot of the same components of the objects theyrepresent (takes the mind longer to scan the mental images of larger objectsthan of smaller ones)/ we’re also able to manipulate/ rotate mental imagesand objects- athletes use mental imagery to improve skills (leads to better performancein sports)-Concepts-Mental grouping of similar objects, events, or people- allow us to organize complex phenomena into simpler/ more usable/cognitive categories- concepts help us classifynewly encountered objects based on ourpast experience- concepts influence or behavior (we would assume it’s okay to pet an animalif it’s a dog, but not a wolf)- i.e. concepts of an equilateral triangle are 3 sides, equal length- if it hastheseconcepts it is an equilateral triangle, if not then it’s not-Prototypes-Typical, highly representative examples of a concept that corresponds toour mental image or best example of a concept(when people think of birds, they usuallythink of a robin. Therefore a robin is the prototype of the concept “bird”- concepts/ prototypes allow us to draw suitable conclusions through thecognitive process of reasoning-Algorithm-A rule that, if applied properly, guarantees a solution to a problem- we can use them even if we can’t understand why they work (i.e. you knowcertain math equations, but you don’t know the mathematics behind theformula)- Whenalgorithmsaren’t available, we can useheuristics(thinking strategies that maylead us to a solution to the problem or decision, but unlike algorithms, it may sometimeslead to errors)- they increase likelihood to success in a certain situation, but they cannotensure it unlike algorithmsDifferent types of heuristics….1)Representativeness heuristic-When we judge people by the degree towhich they represent a certain category or group of people (i.e. teenagersconstantly rob your store, so you become more suspicious whenever ateenager walks in)

Understanding Psychology, 6/e

Thought and Language

algorithm	A rule that, if applied appropriately, guarantees a solution to a problem algorithm (124.0K)
babble	Speechlike but meaningless sounds made by children from the ages of around 3 months through 1 year
cognitive psychology	The branch of psychology that focuses on the study of cognition
concepts	Categorizations of objects, events, or people that share common properties
convergent thinking	he ability to produce responses that are based primarily on knowledge and logic
creativity	The combining of responses or ideas in novel ways
divergent thinking	The ability to generate unusual, yet appropriate, responses to problems or questions
functional fixedness	The tendency to think of an object only in terms of its typical use
grammar	The system of rules that determine how our thoughts can be expressed
heuristic	A cognitive shortcut that might lead to a solution
insight	A sudden awareness of the relationships among various elements that had previously appeared to be independent of one another insight (158.0K)
language	The communication of information through symbols arranged according to systematic rules language acquisition device (136.0K)
language acquisition device	A hypothesized neural system of the brain for understanding language language_acquisition_device (136.0K)
learning-theory approach	The theory suggesting that language acquisition follows the principles of reinforcement and conditioning
means-end analysis	Repeated testing for differences between the desired outcome and what currently exists
mental images	Representations in the mind that resemble the object or event being represented
mental set	The tendency for old patterns of problem solving to persist
overgeneralization	The phenomenon whereby children apply rules even when their application results in an error
phonemes	The smallest basic sound units phonemes (76.0K)
phonology	The study of the smallest sound units, called phonemes
prototypes	Typical, highly representative examples of a concept
semantics	The rules governing the meaning of words and sentences
syllogistic reasoning	Formal reasoning in which people draw a conclusion from a set of assumptions syllogistic_reasoning (126.0K)
syntax	The rules that indicate how words and phrases can be combined to form sentences. syntax (125.0K)
telegraphic speech	Sentences that sound as if they were part of a telegram, in which words not critical to the message are left out
thinking	The manipulation of mental representations of information
universal grammar	Noam Chomsky's theory that all the world's languages share a similar underlying structure

Are representations in the mind that resemble the object or event being represented?

What is a mental representation of an event or object?

What is mental representation in psychology?

What is a categorization of objects that have common properties?