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Which one of the following best describes Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?
A series of stages, each of which has a unique developmental task to be addressed
From the perspective of Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, children's ability to trust those around them stems from:
Experiences with adults during infancy
In Erik Erikson's view, children in the initiative versus guilt stage ideally learn to:
Plan and carry out some of their own activities
Jules is discovering that by being able to write all the alphabet letters in cursive, he is winning the approval of his teacher. Without knowing anything else about Jules, the best guess is that he is in Erikson's stage of:
Industry versus inferiority
If we consider Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, then which one of the following issues would we expect high school students to be most concerned about?
Trying to decide who they really are and what role they will play in adult society
Which one of the following best illustrates Erikson's stage of identity versus role confusion?
Craig is trying to decide what career he wants to pursue.
Which one of the following best reflects a child's need for relatedness?
As soon as she gets home from school each day, Andrea calls her best friend.
Which one of the following best describes attachment in the early years?
An enduring emotional bond between an infant and a caregiver
On her first day at a new child care center, 2-year-old Martha is quite upset when her father leaves to go to work. When Dad returns that afternoon, Martha runs to him for a hug but then soon pushes Dad away. Martha's behavior is most consistent with a(n):
Insecure-resistant attachment
Ten-year-old Kieran is quite attached to his mother and father. His parents are divorced. According to the text, which of the following would be a possible response to this disruption with his relationship with his parents?
He would become angry or aggressive.
Three of the following factors are influential in young children's ability to form one or more secure attachments to caregivers. Which factor is least important?
Presence of the same caregiver throughout the day
Three of the following statements about diversity in attachment are true. Which one is false?
In some cultures, harsh and abusive parenting is the norm rather than the exception, and so children rarely become attached to an adult.
Children's early attachments with caregivers are most likely to:
Help children form ideas about the nature of typical interpersonal relationships
When children appear to have insecure attachments to the important adults in their lives, teachers and other practitioners should:
Seek professional guidance, possibly including a therapeutic intervention
Flora is watching Clark open birthday presents. Clark opens the present from Aunt Terri and finds a Barbie doll. Clark smiles at Aunt Terri and thanks her for the gift. Flora knows that Clark really thinks the Barbie is a terrible gift. From this information, you can reasonably conclude that Flora is probably at least:
9 years old
The emotions guilt and shame are different from emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger in that they:
Require awareness of society's standards
While Mother fills out an application form at a new preschool, 18-month-old Colin happily explores a few toys nearby. When Mom momentarily steps out to use the washroom, Colin becomes upset, but he quickly calms down and smiles upon her return. Colin's behavior is most consistent with a(n):
Secure attachment
Three of the following are common ways in which toddlers engage in emotional regulation. Which strategy is not common at this age?
Mentally blocking out an unpleasant emotion
You have been observing Emilia and conclude that she has considerable empathy. Which of the following behaviors would lead to such a conclusion?
Emilia notices that Jill is feeling sad. She goes over to talk to Jill, and she begins feeling sad herself.
Which one of the following statements is most accurate regarding gender differences in emotion?
In the elementary school years, many boys begin to hide their true feelings.
Which one of the following best describes empathy?
Experiencing the same feelings as someone in unfortunate circumstances
Gender differences in emotions seem to be:
Due partly to biology and partly to socialization
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Two monocular depth cues are most responsible for our ability to know that a jet flying overhead is at an elevation of several miles. One cue is relative size. What is the other? a. Relative motion. b. Retinal disparity. c. Interposition. d. Light and shadow. e. Linear perspective.
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What do you assume might happen when a boy plays with action figure dolls? How does this behavior fit into the learning theories of development?
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Surgical stimulation of the somatosensory cortex might result in the false sensation of what? a. Music. b. Flashes of colored. light c. Someone whispering your name. d. Someone tickling you. e. A bad odor.
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Which region of the brain controls our breathing and heartbeat? a. Pons. b. Corpus callosum. c. Parietal lobe. d. Hippocampus. e. Medulla.
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