This type of storage uses rigid metallic platters that are stacked one on top of one another.

Compare primary storage and second storage, and discuss the most important characteristics ofsecondary storage

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2.Discuss hard disks including density, platters, tracks, sectors, cylinders, head crashes, internal,external, and performance enhancements

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DVD, Data storage device, Computer data storage, Blu ray Disc, Solid state drive

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Hard-disk

It is composed of metallic disk. Hard-disk store and organize files using tracks, sectors, and cylinders. 

• Platters – rigid metallic, stacked one on top of one another
• Track-  rings of concentric circles
• Sector - track which divided into wedge-shaped sections
• Cylinder - runs through each track of a stack of platters
• Clusters -  files are allocated space in clusters of sectors
• Fast information storage and retrieval and large capacity (terabytes)

Head crush of hard-disk

Hard-disk is a sensitive instruments. It is easily lead to head crush that may caused by smoke particle, fingerprint, dust, or human hair. It is disastrous case for hard-disk. Head crush occurs when read-write head makes contact with the hard disk’s surface or with particles on its surface. This may cause the data destroyed or loss.

Two types of hard disks

1.     Internal Hard Disk

As "internal" means, this kind of hard-disk is located inside the system unit.  Commonly, we know it as C: drive.

It is used for storing the operating system, large data files and other programs. It should keep routine maintenance and periodically backup all important files by users.

2.     External Hard Disks

As "external" means, it is removable hard-disk. It is used to complement internal hard disk with an unlimited amount of additional storage. Commonly, it is connect to a USB or FireWire port.

Performance Enhancements of hard-disk

1.   Disk caching

• Improve hard-disk performance
• Uses hardware and software to anticipate data needs as performs function similar to RAM caching
• Act as a temporary high-speed holding area between a secondary storage device and the CPU to improves processing
• Access data in memory is faster

2.   Redundant arrays of inexpensive disks (RAID)

• Groups of low cost hard-disk drives grouped together using networks and special software
• Performs as a single large-capacity disk
• Faster than a single disk of comparable size
• Often used by Internet servers and large organization to improve access speed and expand storage

3.   File compression and decompression

• Increase storage capacity
• Reduce space required for storage
• Example : WinZip and utility programs in Windows

Optical Disks

• Permanent storage which are compact, and high capacity
• Use laser technology
• Optical discs are read by an optical disc drive

• Laser beam writes by creating a pattern of pits (holes) and lands (flat areas) to encode data bits
• Laser beams reflect off the pits and lands to read the data
• Rotational speed determines how fast data can be transferred from the CD

Three types of optical disks

1.   Compact Disc (CD) - Standard on most computers, can store from 650 MB up to 1 GB

          a.   Read only: CD-ROM

• Commercial music CD
• Read only and cannot be written on or erased
• Used to distribute large databases and references

          b.   CD-R (CD-recordable)

• Write once
• Used to archive data or to record music downloaded from the Internet

          c.    CD-RW

• Erasable optical disks
• Rewriteable - Can be changed
• Used to create and edit multimedia presentations

2.   Digital Versatile Discs (DVD) - Capacity of 4.7 GB to 17 GB

          a.   DVD-ROM (Read only)

          b.   DVD+R and DVD-R (Write once)                                                                

          c.   DVD+RW, DVD-RW, and DVD-RAM (Rewriteable)

3.   Blu-ray Disc (BD)

• Used for recording high-definition (hi def) video
• Capacity of 25 GB to 128 GB
• Blu-ray optical drives are usually capable of reading standard DVDs and CDs in addition to Blu-ray discs
• Blu-ray disc also has three basic types: read only, write once, and rewritable

Solid-state Storage

• Require less power
• Solid state drives are faster and more durable (no moving parts) than hard drives
• Contain solid state memory to store data
• Used for tablet PCs (iPad)
• Flash memory cards - Widely used in computers, cameras, and portable devices such as mobile phones and GPS navigation systems
• USB Drives / Flash Drives  - Connect to USB port and have capacity of 1 GB to 256 GB

Mass Storage Devices

• Large amounts of secondary storage
• In enterprise storage systems, mass storage devices is used to ensures efficient and safe use of data across an organizational network.

            - File servers – very large storage capacities that provide user access to fast storage and retrieval of data

            - Network attached storage (NAS) – function similar to file server but less expensive than file server

            - RAID systems – constantly backup copies of files moving across the organization’s networks (organizational security)

            - Tape library – device that provides automatic access to data archived on a large collection or library of tapes

            - Organizational cloud storage – high speed internet connection (remote organizational cloud storage server)

Storage Area Network

• SAN are link remote computer storage devices (enterprise storage systems) to computers such that the devices are available as locally attached drives
• User’s computer provides file system, but SAN provides disk space
• House data in remote locations and still allow efficient and secure access

Updated on 16 December 2018, 12:58 PM; 493 page visits from 9 December 2018 to 20 August 2022

What uses rigid metallic platters to store?

Solid-state storage uses rigid metallic platters to store data using the magnetic charges of the disk's surface.

What consist of one or more disks stacked on top of each other?

Platter: Hard drives are normally composed of multiple disks called platters. These platters are stacked on top of each other. It is the platter that actually stores the data. It consists of a substrate coated with magnetic media.

What type of secondary storage device uses rigid metallic platters?

A hard disk is a metal platter coated with magnetic oxide that can be magnetized to represent data.

What differentiates files stored on the same track in sector of different platters of a hard disk?

Cylinders differentiate files stored on the same track and sector of different platters.

What uses rigid metallic platters to store?

What type of secondary storage device uses rigid metallic platters?

What consists of one or more disks stacked on top of each other?

What differentiates files stored on the same track in sector of different platters of a hard disk?