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Get faster at matching terms Sensory and perception chapter Terms in this set (95)Sensation The experience of sesory stimulation receptor cells specialized cells designed to detect specific types of energy Transduction Conversion of physical energy into coded neural signals Absolute threshold Least amount (Minimal) of energy that can be detected as stimulation 50% of the time Adaptions Adjustment to the senses to the level of stimulation being received Difference threshold or just noticeable difference (jnd) Smallest change in stimulation that can still be detected 50% of the time Webster's Law Principle that the JND for any given sense is a constant fraction or proportion of the stimulation being judged. If a psychologist wanted to know how much louder a person must speak in order for another person to notice an increase an increase in the loudness of their voice half the time, the researcher would be measuring: The listener's absolute threshold The fact that the difference threshold is a constant fraction or proportion of the original stimulus is known as what? Weber's Law Which of the following is true? Once the coded signal has been created by a receptor it is transmitted without further coding to the brain Perception of the sensory information that is below the threshold of awareness is called ______ perception. Paradoxical Cornea The transparent protective coating over the front part of the eye Pupil A small opening in the iris through which light enters the eye The sense of smell is triggered when odor molecules in the air reach the __________ located inside the top of the nose. Odor detecting receptors When we eat the chemical substances in the food... Reach the taste buds which cause adjacent neurons to fire thus sending a signal to the brain. the vestibular sense corresponds most closely to our awareness of: Body position in space Which of the following is NOT a known source of differences among people in the degrees of pain they experience? And what are? -Pheromones You are seated at a small table talking to a friend opposite you who is drinking coffee. As she lifts the cup off the saucer and raises it to her mouth, the image made on your retina by the cup changes shape l, but you still "see" the cup as a cup. This is due to: Perceptual consistency How do you study a painting, you notice that a pathway in the painting is made up of stones not become smaller and smaller as you look "down the lane." the artist has used which one of the following distance cues to create the impression of depth? Texture gradient The process of creating meaningful patterns out of the jumble of Ross and three information received by brain is called: Perception Gestalt psychologist believe in the: Tendency to perceive wholistic patterns When you stop at a railroad crossing on a very dark night, Instead of correctly perceiving two red lights that flashing alternately you may perceive a single red light that moves back-and-forth from left to right this is an example of: The phi phenomenon The imposes on the optic nerve reliably produce an experience we call vision, Just has imposed is moving along and auditory nerve produce the experience recall hearing, or addition. The one to one relationship between stimulation of a specific nerve and the resulting sensory experience is known as: The doctrine of specific nerve energies When Ann'swent to her doctor, he gave her a hearing test. He presented very soft tones through earphones, starting with towns so soft she cannot hear them at all and gradually increasing the strength of the towns until she said she could hear them half the time. The doctor was testing Ann's: Absolute threshold If you stare long enough at a green object, look to a neutral he colored wall, and see a negative after image, what color will you be seeing? Red Which of the following is NOT structure contained on the retina? Cornea/ and or all of these What are some of the structures contained on the retina? Rods, cones, bipolar cells An increase in the frequency of sound waves will most likely cause of perceived increase in ___, where as an increase in the amplitude of sound waves will most likely cause of perceived increase in___. Pitch; loudness The timbre of sound is determined by: Overtones The place theory and the frequency theory attempt to explain: Pitch discrimination Although there are only four primary taste qualities, we can distinguish many more flavors and that because: The sense of smell contributes to perception of flavors Gravitation and movement are most closely associated with the ________ sense. Vestibular The idea that certain areas of the brain stem can send out signals the fibers connect to the spinal cord and affectively block pain is a part of the:: gate control Translating sensory information into organized, meaning for personal experiences describes the psychological process known as: perception_ The surprising aspect of perceptual Constancies Is that we perceive objects as having unchanging properties even though: The sensory information about the object changes from moment to moment A person who is blind in one I can use all of the visual distance cues except: Binocular disparity One cue To distance is the fact that parallel lines seem to come together a point off in the distance. This is the cue of: Motion parallax While riding on the train, David notices that the trees and telephone poles close to the tracks seem To flash by, where as the buildings, trees, and mountains that are farther away seem to move buy more slowly. This phenomenon is called: Motion parallax As you sit in front of a sound generator, the overtones of the sound are gradually changed. You are most likely to notice a change in:_ timbre What is the correct sequence of nerve impulses on their way from the ear to the brain:? Receptor cells, auditory nerve, Medulla, Temporal lobe
The place theory attempts to explain: Pitch discrimination The problem with frequency theory of pitch discrimination is that: Neurons cannot fire as rapidly as the frequency of the highest-pitched audible sound You are a psychologist studying an elderly person sleep cycle. Compared with a younger person, you would expect to find that this person spends____time in stage III and stage IV sleep. Less Recently, your sister has found it difficult to stay awake during the day. In the middle of a conversation, she will suddenly nod off. At night when she goes to bed, she often described as frightening hallucinations. Your sister is probably suffering from________. Narcolepsy In humans, sleeping and walking follow a______cycle. suprachiasmatic Sleep has been shown to:: Boost the immune response, making us less susceptible to disease Freud distinguish between the_____and_____content of dreams. Manifest; latent What could be considered evidence in support of the information processing theory of dreams? People spend more time in REM sleep after learning difficulty material Although you know alcohol is a central nervous system depressant, your friend says it is actually a stimulant because he does things that he wouldn't otherwise do after having a couple of drinks. He also feels less inhibited, more spontaneous, and more entertaining. The reason your friend experiences alcohol as a stimulant is that:: Alcohol depresses areas of the brain responsible for critical judgment and impulsiveness John drinks five or 6 cups of strong coffee each day. Which of the following symptoms is he most likely to report,? Anxiety, headaches, insomnia, and diarrhea Which drug is implicated in more than 2/3 of all fatal automobile accidents? Alcohol Eight chemically in active substance used for comparison with an active drug in an experiment is called a Placebo An individual under the influence of a drug reports feeling relaxed accompanied by a heightened enjoyment of food and music and a sense of well-being. She is most likely using: Marijuana Susceptibility to hypnosis is related to: And individuals tendency to become absorbed in music, reading and daydreaming Hip no sis can sometimes help a person change or illuminate a problem behavior a bad habit but it is only likely to work if The person is motivated to change their behavior Which form of meditation Is most likely to employ the use of a mantra? Transcendental What is our current understanding of sleep? No one knows exactly why we sleep, that research suggests it may play in important restorative function The human biological clock is Largely governed by the supraschiasmatic nucleus (SCN) During a nights sleep people Usually increased duration of REM periods As the night progresses REM sleep is characterized by: It is the period during which dreams are most likely to occur The difference between insomnia and apnea is that Insomnia is characterized by sleeplessness where apnea is characterized by breathing difficulties Which of the following explanations of dream content is closest To you Freud's view of dreams Dreams represent unfulfilled wishes Which of the following is NOT true about the ways in which drug use has changed over time? Cocaine has the longest history of wide spread use. Which one of the following terms does not belong with the
others? Apnea Double-blind procedures are used most often when Studying the effects of drugs When drinking the same quantity of alcohol, the average female achieves_____of alcohol in her blood compared to the average male A higher level Although alcohol is a central nervous system depressant, peopleOften subjectively experience it as a stimulant, doing things that they wouldn't otherwise do, particularly at low dosages. This is because... Alcohol depresses areas in the brain responsible for critical judgment The drugs that produce "rushes" Of euphoria followed by setting "crashes" and sometimes severe depression are called Amphetamines John takes a drug that causes him to experience Imaginary landscapes, settings, and beings that seem more real than the outside world. What drug is he most likely using? LSD What is likely to happen during meditation? Reduced Activity in the sympathetic nervous system Which of the following is a major problem that has hindered research into hypnosis? -The hip Nautic state for one individual may be quite different from that of another individual The hypnotic state for one individual may be quite different from that of another individual sensation vs perception Sensation is the stimulation of the sense. Perception is how the brain interprets the stimulus What is subliminal perception? The perception of a stimulus that is below the threshold
What are the characteristics of an observer (person perceiving)? Motivation, values, expectation, experience/culture, and personality What is the definition of consciousness? Awareness of various cognitive processes and personal awareness of mental activities, internal sensations and the external environment What is waking consciousness? Occurs in a week or reasonably alert Altered state of consciousness (ASC) Differs noticeably from normal waking consciousness What is sleep? Losing awareness and not responding to stimuli you would normally respond to. Why do we sleep? Restoration and evolutionary perspective What are the different types of sleep? Rapid eye movement or REM, and NON-REM What are some of the characteristics of REM? Active or paradoxical, Voluntary muscle activity is suppressed and dreaming occurs
What are some of the characteristics of NREM? Quiet, dreamless What are the four stages of sleep? NREM1-NREM4 and REM Occurs in stage 1 of sleep? Stage one: Short duration, gradually disengage, decreased heart rate, muscles relax, EEG is tight, low amplitude What occurs in stage two of sleep? Continued decrease in heart rate, blood pressure, body temp, EEG is slower, increased amplitude, more difficult to wake up What occurs in Stage III of sleep? Body functions continue decrease, EEG Begin to see delta waves What are the characteristics of stage four of sleep? Heart rate, blood pressure, body temp Or at lowest levels, EEG is very slow at 50% delta waves What are the characteristics of REM sleep? -increase in heart rate, blood pressure, respiration rate What is the proper order to the stages of sleep? awake—-NREM1—-NREM2—NREM3—NREM4—REM—-NREM2—NREM3—NREM4—REM—-NREM2—NREM3—REM—- awake What Is the wrong order of stages of sleep? REM—-NREM4—-NREM1—NREM3—NREM2—awake—-NREM3—NREM4—NREM2—REM—-NREM2—REM—NREM3—- awake What are dreams? Auditory and/or visual experiences, (hallucinations?) What is the difference between nightmares and night terrors? -Night mares our unpleasant dreams that occur during REM Sleepwalking is more common in children than adults. true or false? True Sleepwalking/sleep talking, when does this occur? During stages three and four of NREM What are the characteristics of sleepwalking/sleep talking? It is none goal oriented behavior where motor neurons fire during sleep Recommended textbook solutions
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QUESTION Which of the following is the best example of sensory interaction? a. Finding that despite its delicious aroma, a weird-looking meal tastes awful. b. Finding that food tastes bland when you have a bad cold. c. Finding it difficult to maintain your balance when you have an ear infection. d. Finding that the cold pool water doesn’t feel so cold after a while. e. All of these are examples. Verified answer
PSYCHOLOGY What technique might you be using if you think a teacher is angry at you because he or she gave a difficult test, when in reality the teacher actually is not angry? Verified answer QUESTION Consider an explicit memory, such as a memory of what happened in your science class yesterday. Explain the process that allows memory to occur at the synaptic level. Explain the role of two parts of the brain in your memory of the class. Verified answer Other Quizlet setsExam 3: Sleep Ch. 1916 terms st-006868 Principles of Toxicology11 terms joshua_steen R3 Levin24 terms netanya_quessy SDL: Nutrition for Young Children69 terms mwallum Related questionsQUESTION While serving as a subject in a laboratory sleep study for several nights, Steve was awakened whenever he entered REM sleep. As the number of nights in the study increased, Steve 4 answers QUESTION What type of thinking is most closely related to language? 15 answers QUESTION what is a risk factor for mental illness 6 answers QUESTION Confusing the source of information is called 15 answers What is the ability to sense pain called?Nociception is the detection of painful stimuli.
What is the name of the physical processing of environmental stimuli by the sense organs?The physical process during which our sensory organs—those involved with hearing and taste, for example—respond to external stimuli is called sensation.
What is sensation and perception quizlet?Sensation is the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive stimulus energies, whereas perception is the process by which the brain organizes and interprets these stimulus energies.
When sensory receptors change physical stimuli into signals that the brain can understand this is called?Although the sensory systems associated with these senses are very different, all share a common function: to convert a stimulus (such as light, or sound, or the position of the body) into an electrical signal in the nervous system. This process is called sensory transduction.
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The sense the brain makes of a stimulus and the accompanying awareness of it is called ______.
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