The close bond with a caregiver from which the infant derives a sense of security is called:

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Terms in this set (50)

Attachment

___________ is the close bond with a caregiver from which the infant derives a sense of security.

secure attachment

A child shows a ______________ style when there is consistent contact from one or more caregivers who meet the physical and emotional needs of the child in a responsive and appropriate manner.

disorganized/disoriented

A child with a _________________ attachment style seems to have an inconsistent way of coping with the stress of the strange situation. The child may cry during the separation, but avoid the mother when she returns, or the child may approach the mother but then freeze or fall to the floor.

Personality

Little J is fairly predictable. We can always tell how they are going to feel when they wake up from a nap, how they will interact with their mommy, how they will behave at snack time. These predictable factors make up Little J's ____________:

true

A secure base is a parental presence that gives the child a sense of safety as the child explores the surroundings.

Social Referencing

You are a small child at a parade, and you see a clown for the first time. He is coming toward you with a big smile on his face and a balloon animal in his hand. You feel confused and unsure what to think about this. You look around to see how others are responding to this person. Looking around to others for information is called:

Shame

Which is not a primary or basic emotion that we see in infants?

avoidant

A child with an ____________ attachment style will avoid or ignore the mother, showing little emotion when the mother departs or returns. The child may run away from the mother when she approaches. The child will not explore very much, regardless of who is there, and the stranger will not be treated much differently from the mother.

reactive attachment disorder

Those children experiencing neglectful situations and also displaying markedly disturbed and developmentally inappropriate attachment behavior, such as being inhibited and withdrawn, minimal social and emotional responsiveness to others, and limited positive affect, may be diagnosed with:

All of these are examples of emotional self-regulation.

Which of the following statements are examples emotional self-regulation?

Reciprocal Determinism

A shy student, Lila, shows up for her first day at a new school. She would prefer to slip to the back of the class unnoticed. Instead, a friendly, outgoing student, Alex, approaches Lila and invites her to sit at the same table together. Throughout that day, Lila was much more engaged with other students than she would normally have been. Which aspect of Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory does this demonstrate?

Stages of Cognitive Development

A researcher studies how children make sense of new information either by making it fit into known information (e.g., calling all round objects "ball") or by modifying their thinking (e.g., learning new words for various round objects). This researcher's work is grounded in Piaget's ________.

False

Lifespan development ends at adulthood.

Plasticity

__________ is all about our ability to change and means that many of our characteristics are malleable.

reciprocal determinism

There is interplay between our personality and the way we interpret events and how they influence us. This concept is called:

Mesosystem

School administrators and teachers meet yearly to review the school philosophy, daily routines, assessment methods, and other elements of the school system because they know these factors can affect a child's self-image, learning, and sense of accomplishment. These educators and their concerns about the larger organizational structure of the school represent which element of Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems model?

true

Stage theories or discontinuous development assume that developmental change often occurs in distinct stages that are qualitatively different from each other, and in a set, universal sequence.

the role of social interaction and culture on language and learning processes

A researcher whose study of higher order thinking skills in children is influenced by Vygotsky's sociocultural theory would be likely to investigate ________.

Social cognitive theory

You walk into a new cafe with an unusual layout. You stand back and observe how customers order and pay at one station, then pick up their food at another station. Now you have learned how to get food in this restaurant. Which behavioral approach to learning does this describe?

theories

A graduate student is considering topics for a Master's thesis. The graduate advisor recommends: "There are several sets of well-developed ideas about that topic. You must first review their explanations and use that to make predictions for your research." The graduate advisor is recommending that the student review ________."

the embryonic period

Jacqueline just found out that she is pregnant. She is aware that exposure to harmful substances can damage her baby. During which period of prenatal development is the baby most vulnerable to damage if exposed to harmful substances?

Genotype refers to genetic makeup, while phenotype refers to inherited physical characteristics.

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

That who we are is determined by our genetics.

In the nature/nurture debate, those on the "nature" side would argue:

True

One of the most commonly used teratogens is alcohol, and because half of all pregnancies in the United States are unplanned, it is recommended that women of child-bearing age take great caution against drinking alcohol when not using birth control or when pregnant

False

Preeclampsia, or toxemia, is a phenomena where the pregnant woman eats too much sugar during pregnancy.

evidence for genotype-environment interactions

What do adoption studies compare?

They contain genetic information from each parent.

What is the defining feature of chromosomes?

What is the difference between a sperm and an egg?

The sperm is the male gamete, while the egg is the female gamete.

What event occurs at the end of the germinal period?

the zygote is implanted into the uterus lining

Monozygotic twins share 100% of their genetic material.

Which of the following describes the way in which genetic material is distributed between twins?

Palmer

Babies often grasp onto an object using their fingers and palm, but not their thumbs. This is called the _________ grasp.

At birth, the head makes up about 25 percent of our length, and by age 25 it comprises about 20 percent our length.

True

Parents are ready for the child to transition to solid food.

Which is NOT a reason for introducing a child to solid foods?

True

Although other species have at least some ability to communicate, none of them have language.

Synaptic Pruning

In infancy, when neural connections are reduced thereby making those that are used much stronger, we call it:

true

Children who are not exposed to language early in their lives will likely never grasp the grammatical and communication nuances of language. This is because they have missed the critical period of language development.

Object permanence

Baby M thinks playing Peek-a-boo is hilarious! Every time Daddy hides behind the blanket, the baby thinks Daddy actually disappears! This is an absence of:

true

The average newborn in the United States weighs about 7.5 pounds (between 5 and 10 pounds) and is about 20 inches in length.

Reflexes

What do we call the involuntary movements infants show in response to stimulation?

Babbling

In infancy, the intentional vocalizations that lack specific meaning and comprise a consonant-vowel repeated sequence, like "ma-ma-ma" or "da-da-da" is called:

envy, pride, shame, guilt, doubt, and embarrassment

Which emotion is not a self-conscious emotion (not an emotion that required self-concept or social instruction of when to feel it)?

Contact comfort

In Harlow's experiment, when given a choice, infant monkeys went to a wire mother for food, but they overwhelmingly preferred and spent significantly more time with the warm terry-cloth mother. An infant's need for physical touch is called:.

insecure ambivalent

The __________________ style occurs when the parent is insensitive and responds inconsistently to the child's needs. Consequently, the infant is never sure that the world is a trustworthy place or that he or she can rely on others without some anxiety.

True

An "Easy Child" is able to quickly adapt to routine and new situations, remains calm, is easy to soothe, and usually is in a positive mood.

False

A "Difficult child" has a low activity level, adjusts slowly to new situations and is often negative in mood.

Strange Situation Technique

Mary Ainsworth created situations that were unfamiliar to the child to heighten the need for his or her parent. What was the name of the test she used to study attachment in infants?

ambivalent (sometimes called resistant)

A child with an ___________ attachment style is wary about the situation in general, particularly the stranger, and stays close or even clings to the caregiver rather than exploring the toys. When the caregiver leaves, the child is extremely distressed.

Non-organic failure to thrive

Poverty, neglect, inconsistent parenting, and severe family dysfunction are correlated with diagnosis for an infant who does not grow, develop, or gain weight on schedule and there is no known medical explanation for this failure. This would be called:

True

Fear is often associated with the presence of a stranger, known as stranger wariness, and the departure of significant others, which is known as separation anxiety.

reactive attachment disorder

Those children experiencing neglectful situations and also displaying markedly disturbed and developmentally inappropriate attachment behavior, such as being inhibited and withdrawn, minimal social and emotional responsiveness to others, and limited positive affect, may be diagnosed with:

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When we refer to infant sleep as polyphasic we mean that?

When a baby acts upset because a caregiver is leaving the baby is exhibiting?